The present experiment was designed to feed 5 Kazak male sheep with gossypol of 0, 984, 1353 and 1722 mg/d respectively during the four periods, each period last 18 d, total 72 d. The results showed that water consumption, urine output, wheat straw feed intake, faecal output and the moisture content of feces of sheep were not significant change(P>0.05) with the amount of gossypol increasing;the level of antidiuretic hormone, rennin and cortisone didn’t change significantly, the level of adreno cortieotropic hormone and aldosterone were both decline at the previous three periods, but increased during the fourth period compare to the third period(P<0.05);The level of Cl^- and Ca²⁺ in serum decreased, and the level of Cl^- of the third period was extremely significant lower than the first period(P<0.01).As for the Ca²⁺, the third period was significant lower than the first period(P<0.05),the level of K⁺,inorg-P,Mg²⁺ in serum didn’t change significantly(P>0.05);the content of Na⁺ and inorg-P didn’t change significantly(P>0.05), the content of Cl^- was increased at the previous three periods,but the forth period return to the level of the first period,while the content of K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺ of the forth period were lower than the previous three periods(P<0.05).

For investigating the effect of corn fiber feed on production performance in laying hens, in this experiment,500 240-days-old laying hens were randomly allotted to 5 treatments ,with each treatment represented by 5 replicates of 20 birds each. Ⅰ to V groups experiment diets used 0,0.92%,1.84%,2.76% and 3.68%. Pre-feeding period was 7 days and the experiment lasted 60 days. The results indicated: ① Compared with the control group, there were no significant effect on the egg production rates, average egg weight, day-egg yields ,feed conversion ratio and broken (soft) eggshell rates. V group decreased the day-feed intake by 5.48% significantly than the control group(P<0.05). Ⅳ group decreased the mortality significantly by 87.5% compared with the control group(P<0.05). ② The apparent digestibility of CP of Ⅱ group was lower than the control group(P<0.05),others were higher than the control group(P<0.05).All the experiment groups were higher than the control group in the index of Ca, Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ experiment groups were effective. The index of P were higher than the control group(P<0.05). ③ Every group increased the economic efficiency.

A feeding trial was conducted to study effect of different levels of silkworm feces on meat quality of New Zealand rabbit.120 only 35 day-old weaning New Zealand rabbits with similar initial body weight (1.06 kg±0.09 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group. The control group was fed basal diet while the treatment groups were fed diets added 6%,12%,18% and 24% silkworm feces, respectively. After the experiments were completed, 4 only rabbits with close to the average weight were chose from each group and slaughtered. Finally, determined the muscle quality indicators. The results showed that different levels of silkworm feces had some effects on meat quality of New Zealand rabbit,the physical traits of five groups of fleshcolor, pH,lossing rate of water,cooking rate had no significant difference (P>0.05), shear force of the treatment groups was significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a decreasing tendency of shear force content with increasing content of silkworm feces; the chemical traits of five groups of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content had no significant difference (P>0.05).Silkworm feces in 6% to 18% added groups were higher than those in control group(P>0.05)and silkworm feces in 12% was the highest. Fat content of every group was lower than that in control group.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and human,it has roles in regulating growth,enhancing immunity,preventing cancer,resisting oxidation and stress,postponing aging and preventing or controlling local epidemic,etc. Sodium selenite is used as the commercial Se source supplement in animal feeds in China. But it was found that sodium selenite had disadvantage of higher toxicity,lower bioavailability and potential environmental pollution. etc. In recent years,great attention has been gradually paid to organic selenium which has lower toxicity and higher biological utilization rate. Selenium yeast has become a hot spot in animal production. The possibilities of selenium yeast as feed additive were discussed in this article.

In recent years,as the intensively studying of the theory of intestinal microecology,people have gradually appreciated that probiotics proform a positive role in heath through prohibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria,promoting the absorption of nutrition,stimulating the immune defence,etc. Here,we focus on the mechanism of probiotics and its application in sow production,such as regulating the heath of gastrointestinal tract,enhancing immunity,improving the production and breeding performance and raising the conversion rate of feed. This paper aimes to provide reference for further research and application in sow production.

Milk fat is the main nutritional components of milk,while it is an important indicator to measure the quality of milk. At present,the lower nutritional quality of milk has become the challenges that the healthy development of China’s dairy industry faces .This paper makes a brief overview of the milk fat profile and the factors that influnce milk fat percentage.

Microecological preparation is not only a new kind of living bacterium preparation but also green feed additive. Microecological preparation could improve the productive capability and immunity of domestic animal and poultry, and at the same tine could ameliorate the quality of livestock product and even decrease environment pollution. Application of microecological preparation in breeding was dissertation. The application of microecological preparation has shown to be potential and promising.

This article described the current main methods of straw treatment in three directions of physical, chemical and biological treatment through analyzing the strengths and weaknesses to provide a better way for the comprehensive utilization of straw and further proposed the significant direction of the future comprehensive utilization of straw.

Oral drug delivery of Norfloxacin was performed on the starlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus) and the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki Brandt) for 5 days according to the concentration of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood plasma and liver tissues were measured after drug withdrawal for 2 days. This study was aimed at knowing well about the SOD change trend in both two sturgeons under the different concentration of drug delivery, and analyzing the best concentration of Norfloxacin and the liver injury during the sturgeon culture. The results showed that SOD enzyme existed in both two sturgeons with a different degree and the SOD activities were higher in the livers than in the blood plasma no matter whether the drug was delivered or not. The change of SOD activities performed the same regular trend in the two kinds of tissues under the different drug delivery concentration, which increased by inducing firstly but then fell down by inhibition lately with a maximum value under the 40 mg/kg concentration. In the blood plasma, the SOD activities hardly changed through the period of drug delivery, which were higher in the starlet than in the Amur sturgeon under 40 mg/kg and lower under other kinds of drug delivery concentrations. However, the SOD activities fluctuated sharply through drug delivery in the liver tissues. Additionally, the SOD activities were higher in the starlet than in the Amur sturgeon under 0, 40,100 mg/kg. Among of them, SOD activities in the starlet were the highest under 40 mg/kg and produced a sharp peak value. This study suggested that Norfloxacin had a better effective and could not lead to liver injury when delivered with 30 to 50 mg/kg concentration.

The mechanism and attenuation of allergic reaction in livestock induced by soybean glycinin and β-Conglycinin have been reviewed in this article,which provides scientific basis for the rational utilization of soybean proteins in industry.

The thymus progressively involutes with age, particularly from puberty when sex steroids increase in production, with the gradual loss of newly produced naive T cells resulting in a restricted T cell receptor repertoire, skewed towards memory cells. This translates to a striking reduction in immune responsiveness and an obvious delay in immune reconstitution. Regeneration of the thymus is fundamental to developing new strategies for the clinical treatment of many diseases of immunological origin. Currently the use of sex steroid inhibitors, GH, KGF and IL-7 represent the first candidates in thymus-based therapies, as well as the function of Ghrelin for thymic regeneration is coming to attention.

To study the effect of Chinese herbs and Trimethoprim compound on immune function of mouse,and to further disclose the anti-infection mechanism in vivo of Chinese herbs and Trimethoprim compound. Drugs were tested injected into abdominal cavity according to 1,5,10 g/kg body weight for 15 d, the red blood cells,white blood cells,neutrophils,monocytes and lymphocytes were counted in blood of mice by Coulter-JT hematology analyzer. The index of immune organs,peritoneal macrophages phagocytic function,serum lysozyme contents,serum hemolysin levels and lymphocyte proliferation were measured respectively,by using of organ coefficient method,macrophage phagocytic function test,turbidimetry and MTT method. The results showed that Chinese herbs and Trimethoprim compound could significantly increase the number of red blood cells,the proportion of monocytes in mice (P＜0.05). Chinese herbs and Trimethoprim compound could significantly increase the index of immune organs,enhance peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and serum lysozyme activity,and improve the level of serum hemolysin and lymphocytes proliferative capacity(P＜0.05). The non-specific and specific immune function in mice were enhanced by Chinese herbs and Trimethoprim compound.

Osteoblast plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The bone formation and loss are affected by osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. There are many regulating factors effect on the processes of osteoblast formation, differentiation and apoptosis. This paper summarized the osteoblast functions in bone metabolism, these factors regulation on the osteoblast formation, differentiation and apoptosis, and osteoblast differentiation signal pathway.

To approach the protective effects of taurine on islet cells treated with streptozotocin,then provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetes.250 to 300 g rats were in situ perfusion with collagenase V in bile common duct after anesthesia. Pancreatic tissues were digested using aqueous bath under 38 centigrade. Islet cells were purified by Histopaque 1077 density gradient centrifugation,and the purity was detected by DTZ,the cytoactive was detected by glucose stimulation. Purified islet cells were randomly divided into 6 groups,normal control group (control group),taurine control group,streptozotocin group(STZ group),high-dose taurine group (20 mmol/L Tau group),medium-dose taurine group (10 mmol/L Tau group) and low-doses taurine group (5 mmol/L Tau group). The cells were cultured for 24 h,then the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),malondialdehyde (MDA),total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),were measured.The results showed that the three doses of taurin groups and taurine control group could significantly increase the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,T-AOC in extracellular fluid compared with STZ group,and could significantly decrease the level of MDA compared with STZ group.Therefore,taurine could protect and repair islet cells by way of increasing the oxidation resistant ability of islet cells induced with STZ.

To study the relationship of ROS and pseudolaric acid B (PAB)-induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis and senescence. Contrast phase microscope was used to observe cellular morphologic alternation; LDH assay was performed to assess apoptosis ratio; galactosidase staining showed cell senescence; and flow cytometric analysis of DCFH-DA staining determined the level of ROS. We found that PAB induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis in time-dependent manner. 4 μmol/L PAB treated MCF-7 for 3 d,then replace PAB with fresh DMEM for 5 d,cell became senescence. PAB increased ROS level in time dependent manner. Therefore,PAB increased ROS level to induce apoptosis and senescence.

To provide the basis of APS used for swine fever vaccine diluent and vaccine adjuvant. The rabbits in three groups were intramuscular injected with activated thermostabilized vaccine of swine fever with diluent of 1% astragalus polysaccharide (astragalus polysaccharide,APS) injection, dedicated diluent for swine fever vaccine and physiological saline respectively. After vaccination, the activty of lymphocyte, antibody of swine fever in serum and contents of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interferon γ and neopterin were determined to evaluate the impact of these three diluents on vaccination effects to swine fever vaccine.The results showed that APS raised contents of antibody of swine fever in serum and some cell factors. APS could be used for swine fever vaccine diluent or improved diluent and swine fever vaccine adjuvant.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) encodes a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. In the present study, the porcine GSK3β gene from the Meishan pig sample was obtained and sequenced, and then its molecular features were analyzed. Mapping of the porcine GSK3β gene to porcine chromosome was made with the IMpRH panel. The expression pattern of GSK3β gene in 10 different porcine tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The coding region of porcine GSK3β gene consisted of 1263 nucleotides, encoded for 420 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence share 95.6%, 98.8%, 98.8% and 93.3% identity with human, rat, mouse and zebrafish, respectively. The GSK3β gene was physically mapped at porcine chromosome 13q41-46 and closely linked to marker SW1876. The results of phylogenetic analysis among different species indicated that the porcine GSK3β gene was more homologous to human GSK3β gene than others. According to the results of tissue expression pattern, the expressive levels of GSK3β gene were different in 10 porcine tissues. It expressed with the highest abundance in liver and lung, following them were adipose, kidney, spleen, cerebrum and cerebellum, but it was little present in heart, stomach and muscle.

To identify suspected goats orf case and construction of prokaryotic expression vector of B2L gene of orf virus (ORFV),clinical and suspect samples of orf could be amplified by a pair of specific primers,then the structural protein B2L gene of orf virus was amplified by PCR method using specific primers.The B2L gene was ligated with pMD18-T vector and the sequencing results showed that the full-length of the inserted gene fragment was 1137 kb. Cutting the target fragment,which was cloned into pET-32a vector and construction of prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-B2L,the recombinant plasimid was identified by restriction enzyme and PCR,sequence analysis indicated that to be successful construction of pET-32a-B2L expression vector and it has laid a good foundation for the expression and genetic engineering vaccine research.

This study was to clone CS-3 gene for the first time with its expression in different tissues, and predict its protein structure and fuction, so as to analyze the meat quality traits associated with. The results showed that CS-3 of ovine was 838 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) 735 bp long and encoded 244 amino acids,and there were three conserved domains in amino acids sequences. Bioinformation analysis indicated its secondary structures mainly were random coil and helical regions, and contained rich hydrophobic regions, certain phosphorylation sites and protein kinase C (PKC) sites. Meanwhile, tissue expression of the gene in Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep were analysed, results showed that it was expressed in heart and muscle. When the ovine was of fifteen-days age,the expression was the highest in heart, and there was very significantly different between heart and other internal organ tissues(P＜0.01). Furthermore, the expression of CS-3 decreased with the rise of the age and became the highest when the ovine was at sixty-days age in heart.

In this experiment,the system and condition of nested PCR to detect MG were established with two pairs of primers which had been designed by the predecessors according to the adherin protein pvpA gene sequence of MG published in GenBank.Theremore, the sensitivity and specificity of this method was analysed.The results showed that this method could detect more than 0.18 pg/μL MG DNA.However, based on these two pairs of internal and external primers, the PCR did not amplify the specific fragment with the template DNA from common bacterium and virus of chicken. The results showed that this PCR amplification system was specific and sensitive. It can be used to detect early stages of MG infection in clinical diagnosis.

Tissue microarrays(TMAs) is used in multiple simultaneous analysis of gene expression in the tissue samples of high-throughput technology. It was reviewed in this paper,the principles and characteristics of tissue microarrays development history and the production methods, summarized its application field, puts forward some problems at present.

To obtain local epidemic strains of canine parvovirus (CPV) in Yunnan and study the biological characteristics,faecal samples from dogs suspected with CPV were collected and used to viral isolation. The isolates were proceeded to cytopathic effect (CPE) observation on F81 cells. It shows that after the isolates blind passaged on F81 cells three times,the generations of the isolates appeared some CPE phenomenon. Electron microscope revealed the presence of circular or hexagonal virus particles of about 20 nm in diameter which are free of envelope and the results of PCR showed positive. The homology reaches 98.8% to 99.7% between the amplification sequence and the standard sequence for reference. Besides of the common characteristics of canine parvovirus,they also showed that asynchronous post-inoculation may lead to obvious CPE phenomenon on F81 cells and the characteristics of agglutinating with erythrocytes of Macaca fascicularis. According to the analysis of VP2,the genome of the isolate is a new CPV-2a and found to be distantly related to the standard strains for reference in China while a close related to the standard strains for reference in Korea. It is indicated that a local epidemic strain of CPV in Yunnan named YNX20090901 strain was successfully separated,and found the biological characteristics of the new strain.

To develop a quick, simple and specific method for the detection of MHV which cause hepatitis of mice,colloidal gold was prepared by reduction of HAuCl₄ with trisodium citrate and label with purified MHV-Ab against MHV. The qualification and conditions of GICAs were selected and optimized. So the GICA method was built to detect MHV. Colloidal gold with about 20 nm particle diameter, the least amount of antibody to stabilize the 0.5 mL colloidal gold is 5.05 μg. We chose M135 as the chromatography material, and 3% BSA as the confining liquid. The most appropriate amount of test line antibody protein is 640 μg/mL, and the amount of quality control line antibody protein is 800 μg/mL. The method could detect the MHV about 10 minutes with specificity. While positive result, the test line and the quality control line were red. As for negative result, only the quality control line was red. The method of GICA in this paper could detect the MHV rapidly with specificity and stability.

RT-PCR was used to detect the estrogen receptors(ER)/ progesterone receptors(PR) mRNA and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)expression of the oviduct of the magnum, isthmus,fimbria and shell gland. The results as follows: there were expression of ER /PR mRNA and IGF-Ⅰ in oviduct,the expression of ER and PR in vaccinated of IBV-M41 was significantly decreaced (P＜0.05),but the expression of IGF-Ⅰ was significantly increased (P＜0.05). The study revealed that IBV could affect the development of oviduct by reducing the expression of ER and PR,and so downgrade responsing capabilities of the estrogen, IGF-Ⅰ acted on the oviduct through autocrine or paracrine. It was probable regulatory factor in the growth of leiomyom.

This experiment designed to measure Hetian Black chicken mtDNA D-Loop sequence, with a length of 1230 bp for more than the sequence and Hetian Black chicken and GenBank received five kinds of homology was 98% or more,the sample mtDNA D-Loop sequence A/T enriched content. Cluster analysis display Hetian Black chicken were closed to the Silky chicken and Red junglefowl.

The study aimed to clone Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene of buffalo and analysis the sequence of this gene. Buffalo TLR4 gene was cloned by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and cloned into pMD20-T vector. Nucleotide sequence of this gene and structure of its encoding protein were predicted by using bioinformatics software. Sequence analysis results showed that the TLR4 gene ORF was 2526 bp in length and encoded 841 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 25 amino acids(aa) at the N terminal. Relative molecular weight of the encoding protein was 95.98 ku, and the isoelectric point (pI) was 6.37. Homology analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of cloned gene shared 99.01% identities with the published sequence of buffalo TLR4 gene (DQ857349) in GenBank. The TLR4 gene sequence had a high homology compared with that of cattle, sheep, pig, horse, human and chimpanzee, which were over 80%, the homology with mouse and dog were 72.17% and 61.30% respectively, and that with chicken was only 53.94%. The protein structure prediction showed that TLR4 was a transmembrane protein composed of extracellular(1 to 634 aa), transmembrane (635 to 657 aa) and the intracellular rejoins (658 to 841 aa), which contained twelve LRR(leucine-rich repeats) tandem repeat ectodomains and a TIR (Toll-interleukin1-resistance) cytoplsmic domain. TLR4 of buffalo had been successfully cloned in the study, it lay a foundation for further researching the function of the gene and the protein characteristics.

The cDNA library of peripheral blood leucocytes which were separated from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and stimulated with mitogen was screened by a probe labelled with DIG.The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα1) EST sequence was picked out from the cDNA library of peripheral blood leucocytes that was constructed. After two rounds of screening from 0.9×10⁴ reeombinate phages,the positive clone was obtained.Sequence analysis indicated that it had a 128 bp 5'-UTR and a 423 bp 3'-UTR which included the instable motifs of ATTTA. The open reading frame(ORF)of this gene was 768 bp which putatively coded 255 amino acids with the MW of 28.1 ku,and PI of 8.20. Its homology with TNF from GenBank was up to 94%. Analysis of protein sequence and structure,within the predicted protein sequence we identified a TNF family signature,a predicted transmembrane domain and a putative cleavage site to produce the mature peptide.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine (PMWS)is associated with porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2). Simple and reliable diagnostic methods are needed to detect antibodies against PCV2 for monitoring early PCV2 infection.An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method based on purified recombinant capsid protein (Cap) was established to detect IgM antibodies against PCV2. The purified PCV2 Cap protein was used to coat 96 well plate as the antigen,and the following factors affected the experiments were optimized. The results demonstrated that optimal concentration of Cap protein for coating was 1.25 μg/mL,the optimal dilution of serum sample was 1∶100. The cutoff value was 0.35. The results showed no cross-reactivity with positive serum of other five porcine virus. The CV of intra-assay and interassay ranged from 2% to 6%. The indirect ELISA was used to detect 100 field serum samples, compared with control IgG/IgM kit,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of PCV2 IgM were 90.3%,92.8% and 92%. The result showed that the indirect ELISA was not only sensitive and specific,but also suitable for large scale epidemiological investigation of early PCV2 infection.

To analyze and predict the structure and characteristics of formyltransferase of Brucella melitensis by bioinformatics in order to guide the experimental research for its biological function and application. Bioinformatics software (DANMAN and Vector NTI),database (prosite and PDB) and net servers were applied to predict and analyse the structures and biochemical properties of formyltransferase of brucella melitensis. Amino acid composition and domain as well as the secondary structures including regions of helix,sheet,turn,coil of the enzyme were well defined. Flexibility,hydrophilicity and surface accessibility which are always used to predict the B-cell epitopes and were simultaneously displayed. These predicted and analytic results could provide data for understanding the relationship between structure and function of the formyltransferase in the pathogenesis and the immunological response.

The aim of present study is to establish a real-time PCR for quantitative analysis of mouse β-actin mRNA expression. A set of primer was designed according to the mouse β-actin mRNA sequence in GenBank. And a SYBR Green Ⅰ-based reverse real-time PCR (RRT-PCR) was successfully developed. The results showed that RRT-PCR assay established had a high amplification efficiency(97.7%),wide linear range(9.3×10² to 9.3×10⁷ copies/reaction),good reproducibility and specificity. The detection limit was 9.3 copies/reaction. The results provided a basis for use of β-actin as a reference gene in gene expression analysis in mouse.

27 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of two Guizhou Baixiang pig strains of the the eleventh and twelfth generations which came from Xiang pig breeding station of Guizhou university. The results showed that the average number of effective allele, expected heterozygosity, polymorphism information content(PIC) and inbreeding coefficients of Guizhou Baixiang pig Ⅰ andⅡstrains of the eleventh generation were 1.9281, 1.8189;0.4582, 0.4221;0.3664, 0.3348 and 0.5418, 0.5779, respectively. These genetic parameters of Guizhou Baixiang pig Ⅰ and Ⅱ strains of the twelfth generation were 1.8289, 1.7100;0.4315, 0.3868;0.3430, 0.3063 and 0.5685, 0.6132, respectively. The results indicated that Guizhou Baixiang pig had low gene polymorphism and high inbreeding degree through the inbreeding breeding of multiple generations. Guizhou Baixiang pig had already become a stable genetic group.

Angiogenesis is a special mechanism that occurs in organs with cyclic variation after the birth of mammal. Ovary is the organ with the characteristic of obvious cyclic variation, where follicle develops from atresia and corpus luteum forms from degradation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiotensin (Ang) play important roles in regulating the cyclic variation of ovarian vessel and the time-space characteristics of the two gene expression are closely linked to cyclic variation of vessel.

Mouse sperm abnormality test and micronucleus test were used to evaluate mutagenicity of ANTIDEP (Terbinafine) in vivo studies. Mouse micronucleus test: 32 mice were divided into 4 groups, include negative group, positive group, the treatment volume group, two times the therapeutic dose group. The drugs was gastric perfused twice to the fasting mice at 24 h interval, 6 h after the second perfusion, the mice were put to death. The femur bone marrow smear was made and Gimsa stained, count the MNCF (micronucleus frequency). Sperm abnormality test: 32 male mice were divided into 4 groups, include negative group, positive group, the treatment volume group, two times the therapeutic dose group. The drugs was gastric perfused 5 times to the fasting mice at 24 h interval, 35 d after the first perfusion, the mice were put to death. Take the epididymis, and produce the sperm smear, examine the sperm deformity. The results showed that there were no significant difference between the experimental group and the negative group(P＞0.05),while the positive control group was significantly higher than the negative control group(P＜0.01);there were no significant difference between the experimental group and the negative group(P＞0.05), while the positive control group was significantly higher than the negative control group(P＜0.01).The results suggest that the new drug ANTIDEP has no mutagenesis in vivo.

In this study, analysis of variance models of SPSS software were used to analyze the effect of different factors such as year, season, parity, birth, and cross mode on crossbred pigs reproductive performance. The following results showed that year gave a significant effect on numbers of piglets born alive and numbers of piglets at weaning (P＜0.01), but no significant effect on numbers of total-piglets (P＞0.05). Season gave a significant effect on numbers of piglets born alive and numbers of piglets at weaning(P＜0.01), and a significant effect on numbers of total-piglets(P＜0.05). Parity gave a significant effect on numbers of piglets at weaning and birth weight(P＜0.01), and gave a significant effect on numbers of piglets born alive and birth litter weight (P＜0.05). Birth weight of hog was significant higher that of sow (P＜0.05). Cross mode gave no significant effect on numbers of total-piglets,numbers of piglets born alive,numbers of piglets an weaning,birth litter weight and birth weight(P＞0.05).

To explore the adverse effect of omethoate on activity of the testicle succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and the quality of sperm in mice. 40 male Kunming mice were distributed randomly into 4 groups including the control group, low dose omethote (1.0 mg/kg), middle dose omethote(2.0 mg/kg) and high dose omethote (4.0 mg/kg). The experiment groups were primed through mouth with omethoate and the control group with 0.9% saline for 14 days. As the omethoate doses was increased, the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), the number of sperm and the rate of living sperm were decreased significantly compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The testis weight and epididymal viscera of mice were not statistically significant compared with the control group (P＞0.05). The omethoate was toxic to the reproductive system in the mice and could damage the density of sperm and the rate of living sperm, inhibit the activity of SDH.

Polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in improved hybrid beef cattle group from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia province was investigated to give the rationale for hybrid improvement. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technology was carried out to examine polymorphisms of GHR gene of 70 individuals. PCR products of 338 bp digested by restriction enzyme Alu Ⅰ showed polymorphisms.There were two genotypes of AA and AB. The frequency of A allele was higher than B allele, and the frequency of AA genotype was higher than AB genotype.

The experiment analysed that the body weight,body ruler,slaughter performance and meat chemical composition between Gaoligongshan pig and Mingguang small-ear pig. Gaoligongshan pig were higher than Mingguang small-ear pig in body weight,body length and chest circumference;Gaoligongshan pig above Mingguang small-ear pig in carcass weight,dressing percentage,fat percentage,eye muscle area and back-fat thickness;the same between Gaoligongshan pig and Mingguang small-ear pig in meat chemical composition. The results showed that the muscle chemical composition was approximate in Gaoligongshan pig and Mingguang small-ear pig,but the boby of Gaoligongshan pig was bigger, and the slaughtering performance was better than Mingguang small-ear pig.

To study the fecundity of Wadi sheep on molecular level,polymorphisms within the FecB gene of Wadi sheep and associations with litter size were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The results showed that there was FecB mutation in Wadi sheep that was the same as in Booroola,and the frequencies of three genotypes (B/B,B/+,+/+) were 0.29,0.56 and 0.15,respectively. An association between genotype frequencies and number of nipples was observed. Average litter sizes for the three genotypes were 2.81±0.42,2.49±0.53 and 1.96±0.28,respectively. Statistical analysis showed that litter size of Wadi sheep with B/B and B/+ genotypes were significantly greater than that of sheep with the +/+ genotypes (P＜0.05),but differences between the B/B and B/+ genotypes were not significant(P＞0.05). These results indicated that the FecB gene could be of great interest in the Wadi sheep breed due to its association with fecundity.

Harm of antibiotics has aroused popular attention of people,and finding supplements which can take place of antibiotics has become a hot spot of animal research. This article described the hazard and residue of antibiotics in ruminant production. And appliance of some substitutes for antibiotics,such as,probiotics,plant extracts (tannins,saponin,essential oil),enzyme,organic acid,antibiotic peptide and oligosaccharides,and their function mechanisms,as well as status,were discussed in this review.

Endometritis caused mainly by bacteria is one of four serious diseases which affects the development of Animal Husbandry seriously. Endometritis is mainly caused by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and the other pathogen, and the main therapic methods are antibiotic, hormone, biological agent and traditional Chinese drug which becomes the main points to be studied by many researchers in treating endometritis because of the bacteria resistance of drugs and residue of hormone. This paper explains the anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation effects of single and compound Chinese drugs, the clinical application of them to offer scientific evidence for the researchers to filter the suitable drugs.

Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is a lethal,fast spreading infectious disease,which is induced by duck hepatitis virus (DHV), mainly within 3 weeks old ducklings infected,especially 1 week old and 100% ended up death.It is one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in duck culture industry since the 20th century.It has get huge loses to duck industry.DHBV is listed as the B class infectious disease in the legal reported diseases list of OIE.The paper introduces the occurrence and distribution,aetiology,genome structure and function and diagnostic technique of the DHV.

Coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria has a severe economic impact on poultry production worldwide. The disease is considered as one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases and can cause huge economic losses each year. Currently, the control of coccidiosis is mainly relied on the use of chemoprophylaxis agents. However,the emergence of drug-resistant strains in the field, and increasing concerns raised over the drug residues inpoultry products, force people to explore alternative ways, such as immunological method, to control the Eimeria infection. Cytokines play an important role on immune response and anti-infection process. In recent three decades, with the development of studies on their types and functions, the roles of cytokines on anti-coccidia also attract the attention of more researchers. Studies on the production and the role of cytokines, should help to understand the immune regulation and immune response mechanisms, and provide foundation to strengthen immune effect with the use of immunopotentiator and immune adjuvant.

Two strains of Haemophilus parasuiswere studied on the characterization of colony culture, biological characteristics, serotype identification, resistance to drug, antigenicity and pathogenicity. The serological identification proved that one is 4 antigen type, and the other is 5 antigen type. The results showed that the two strains of Haemophilus parasuis multiplied rapidly and could reach 10⁹ CFU in 10 h. Their LD₅₀ are 1.52×10⁹ CFU and 9.3×10⁸ CFU. These two isolated strains had drug resistance to Fluoroquinolone antimicrobials and Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprium (SXT). They all have high immunogenicity. These results indicate that these two strains of Haemophilus parasuiscould be the candidate vaccine strains.

To compare the efficacy of Qinlian liquid with Baihu soup on 'fever disease symptom’, LPS was injected intravenously to form fever disease symptom in rabbit, and pathologic observation in liver tissue and serum biochemical analysis was conducted before and after treatment with the two kinds of formula respectively. The results showed that rabbit liver lesion was caused by 15 μg/kg LPS strikingly, and the levels of serum ALT, AST and Urea were increased, while TC was decreased. Then, after treatment with Qinlian liquid and Baihu soup, the liver lesion was cured and the concentration of four serum biochemical index returned to normal levels. The results indicated the liver lesion can be cured by Qinlian liquid and Baihu soup, and two formulas have their own advantages.

Twenty mice infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera naturally were assigned randomly into four groups (n=5). GroupsⅠ-Ⅲ were fed with Nitazoxanide at a dosage of 200, 400, 800 mg/kg every 24 hours for 5 consecutive days, group Ⅳ with no treatment were used as the control. Faecal egg count reduction percentage and crude insecticide rate were used as the evaluation of drug effects of insecticide targets. The results showed that the insecticide effect of Nitazoxanide on Aspiculuris tetraptera increased with the increase of drug dose, and the dose of 800 mg/kg had the best effect.

Indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was developped by sensitizing glutaraldehyde-tannin fixed sheep red blood cells with sonicated product of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) serovar 4,5 and 13 isolated strains. All 15 standard sera of Hps were positive. Antibody titers were 1∶2⁵ to 1∶2¹⁰,and sensitivity significantly higher than gar gel precipitation test(AGPT). the positive sera of other 16 viruses and bacterium were negative excluded Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP). 620 clinical serum were detected and the positive ratio was 67.58%. The results showed that this IHA was sensitive,specific and could be used for antibodies detection and epidemiological investigation of Hps.

The 18S rRNA gene recently discovered was shown to be species-specific. A pair of primers was designed to specifically amplified a 452 bp fragment. The PCR result of specificity assay showed that one references B.caballi could be detected by the PCR test,but no amplification was observed when other five bacterial species isolated from T.equi,B.bigimina,B.motasi,B.ovata,B.major tissue were detected. And the sensitivity result showed that the minimum dose of B.caballi that could be detected by PCR assay was 0.01 fg/μL,45 clinical sample,from horses farm in China,doubtedly infected with B.caballi were tested by PCR. The results showed that 12 positive samples could be detected by the PCR assay. At the same time,microscope were also used for the clinical samples. The test revealed that the sensitivity of the PCR assay was higher than that the microscope test.

Bacterial isolation was carried out from 86 samples of pigs with suspected multiple serositis and arthritis from 60 pig farms in Nanning,Guilin and Yulin,Guangxi province during May 2009 to November 2010. 26 strains of Hemophilus parasuis(H.parasuis) were identified by bacterial morphological and cultural characteristics,biochemical characteristics as well as PCR. Isolation rate was 30.2%. Serological typing,animal challenge and drug sensitive test were performed on the 26 strains of H.parasuis. The results showed that 26 strains of H.parasuis were composed of 5 strains of serotype 4,3 strains of serotype 5,1 strains of serotype 11,13,14,15,respectively,and 12 strains of unknown serotype. Serotype 13,14 and 5 strains of unknown serotype could cause mouse death; however,pathogenicities of other strains were weak. Drug sensitive test indicated that 70% strains of H.parasuis were high sensitive to Enrofloxacin and Florfenicol,but some strains of H.parasuis were resistant to other drugs. Our investigation results provided an epidemiological basis for prevention and control of H.parasuis infection in Guangxi.

The susceptibility test of Florfenicol and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride on six strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella was carried out by the broth dilution checkerboard method in order to study the combined antibacterial effect in clinical application in vitro. The results suggested that the MIC of single drug on the standard strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella was 1 to 8 μg/mL, on the clinical strains was 64-128 μg/mL. The FIC of drug combination was 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0; there were four strains appeared additive effect while the other two strains appeared synergistic and irrelevant effect.

In this experiment,transfer factor was extracted by dialysis from porcine spleen and physics and chemistry nature,biological activity,safety testing was researched, the result showed that TF could enhance the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages,TF was sensitive to Staphylococcus, E.coli,Salmonella,but had little effects on Streptococci. We used TF(0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mL/kg)respectively and drug treatment for porcine epidemic diarrhea and porcine circovirus, the result showed that 0.1 mL/kg use of the effect was better.

In the experiment,10⁴ CFU/mL/3 to 4 kg (body weight) of Staphylococcus aureus that was isolated from the milk of dairy cattle with mastitis were infused into the third of mammary gland in 32 healthy rabbits,then the clinical mastitis model were challenged. 32 rabbits were randomly divided into A (IFN-γ),B (Ciprofloxacin),C (IFN-γ and Ciprofloxacin Lactate),D (normal saline) as four treatment groups,each contains 8 rabbits,then delivery drug only after 6,18 h as first dosage. Each group,respectively,from before established model 1, 4,12,24,36,48,72 h observe their temperature,heart rate and respiratory rate and other clinical indicators,and collect blood 0.5 mL,serum 1 mL,for blood and blood biochemical detection,and determination of inflammatory cytokines (ELISA),to study its therapeutic effect. The results showed that: ① 12 to 48 h after challenged,A,B group,the total number of peripheral white blood cells was significantly higher than the C groups (P<0.01),and was higher than the C group (P<0.05) when the 72 h after challenged,but inter-group no significant difference (P>0.05); 12 to 72 h after challenged,D group was significantly higher than the A,B,C group (P<0.01). Results showed that γ-interferon and the combination of ciprofloxacin in the body increased neutrophil phagocytic leukocytes and bactericidal power is superior to other groups. ②12 to 48 h after challenged,A,B serum calcium content was significantly lower than the C group (P<0.01),and was lower than the C group (P<0.05) when the 72 h after challenged,However,inter-group difference was not significant (P>0.05); 12 to 72 h after challenged,D group was significantly lower than the A,B,C group(P<0.01). Showed that the γ-interferon and the combination of ciprofloxacin lactate than alone are more effective in slowing decline in the level of calcium ion concentration,reducing capillary permeability and reduce inflammatory exudation. ③C group of TNF-α and IL-6 concentration was lower than A,B group (P<0.05) when the 12 to 24 h and 72 h after challenged,and was significantly lower than A,B group (P<0.01),A,B groups were not significantly different (P>0.05); the other three groups was significantly lower than the D group (P<0.01) when the 12 to 72 h after challenged. The results demonstrated that γ-interferon with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of clinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis with a certain degree of synergy.

In order to study security of the pyroline injection, the subchronic toxicity was investigated. Experimental mouse were fed daily to the pyroline injection 80, 160, 320 mg/kg, mouse in each group weight change, organ coefficient, blood biochemical indices and check the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, thymus and other organs, pathological changes were measured and analyzed. The results showed that, there was no pathological change in viscera, after mice of the test groups were killed. Organ coefficients of mice were no significant difference (P>0.05) between the control and test groups. The liver and kidney tissue of mice in test group 320 mg/kg changed slightly. Results showed that the pyroline injection of low toxicity can be safely used for animals.

Dog dermatophyte infectious skin diseases is a common dog infectious skin diseases, which account for about 16.86% in clinical cases, of which the main manifestations include desquamation and hair shedding locally or even over all the body. If it is accompanied with secondary bacterial infection, which may leads to Pus-tinea. This disease can transmit among animals, humans and between animals and humans, to some degree, it is a big public health threat. This disease usually happens to young, weak and old animals, which may also lead to epidemic in dog farm or pet shelter. This article mainly focuses on the fundamental analysis of dog dermatophyte infectious skin diseases from the aspect of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

The pathways of Chinese herbal medicine in fracture healing are not very well understood. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of one compound Chinese herbal medicine on rabbits radius fracture healing using indexes(such as the serum Ca, P, serum ALP, and X-ray of bone fracture). 48 healthy mature rabbits were selected to build standard defect models, and randomly divided into experimental groups and control groups. The control rabbits were given standard diet. Experimental rabbits were fed with standard diet plus Chinese herbal medicine (2.5 g/kg) every day. The detection was performed on the 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after operation. The results of the study showed that the level of serum Ca, P, the activity of AKP and X-ray appearances for taking Chinese herbal medicine after fracture were significantly higher than that of the control. In conclusion, composite Chinese herbs might shorten the time to union, improve the quality of fracture healing and be beneficial to the fracture healing.

80 dairy cows were selected in order to observe the prevention and cure effect and immunological enhancement of the traditional Chinese medicine complex perfusion fluid to mastitis. The SCC,SA,ALT,AST,LDH,SI,the rate of neutrophil phagocytosis of dairy cows with mastitis during cure were measured,and the incidence of mastitis was observed in the dry period. The results showed that the cure rate of sub-clinical mastitis by traditional Chinese medicine complex perfusion fluid and antibiotics were respectively 94.44% and 88.24%,and the effective rate were 100%. The cure rate of clinical mastitis in dairy cows were respectively 86.67% and 84.62%,and the effective rate were 93.33% and 91.67%. The preventive effects of mastitis in dry period were 88.89% and 94.12%,while the incidence rate in the control group was 42.86%. The levels of SCC,SA,ALT,AST,LDH were significantly decreased by the traditional Chinese medicine complex perfusion fluid,and the levels of SI and the rate of neutrophil phagocytosis were significantly increased (P<0.01). The experiment showed that the traditional Chinese medicine complex perfusion fluid had a better treat effect on mastitis,which can repair damaged mammary gland epithelial cells and reduce the permeability of the blood-milk and the activity of the enzymes in milk. It can improve the immune function of cows.

Chicken Escherichia coli samples were collected from the patient or dead chickens with typical clinical symptoms in western Liaoning province in the test, chicken Escherichia coli was isolated,cultured and identificated, 89 strains of chicken Escherichia coli were isolated. Identified 82 strains, belonging to 9 serotypes, they were O₁,O₂,O₈,O₁₅,O₁₈,O₃₅,O₇₈,O₁₁₄,O₁₄₁ serotypes respectively, O₃₅ and O₁₈ were predominant serotypes of chicken Escherichia coli in the western of Liaoning province. E.coli that was isolated and purified was cracked by supersonic wave,add to the double-aldehyde sensitization red blood cell, and made up of E.coli O₃₅ IHA diagnostic reagents, the specificity, sensitivity and stability were verified.Kirby-Bauer method was used as drug sensitive test to the 89 strains, and 12 standard drug sensitive slips were selected in the test. The results showed that the indirect hemagglutination diagnostic solution was specificity and sensitivity, and the resistant strains were detected in all region, just Forfenicol, Ceftiofur, Levofloxacin and Sarafloxacin were sensitive to chicken Escherichia coli.

Squamous cell carcinomas are cancers that arise from squamous cells. They are seen in dogs and can spread to many sites in the body. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common malignant tumor in dogs. In this report, canine squamous cell carcinoma was identified by histopathology techniques, which resulted in the hind limb severe damage.

Diseased chicken collected in the Zhongmu country chicken house were examined. The investigation showed that P.aeruginosa was main reason that caused chicken to death. P.aeruginosa was isolated from diseased chickens. The result of drug-sensitivity suggested that isolated P.aeruginosa was highly susceptible to Gentamicin,Ofloxacin. The isolated P.aeruginosa was susceptible to Amikacin,Colistin. The isolated P.aeruginosa showed resistance to Amoxicillin,Ampicillin,Doxycycline.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary concentrate to forage ratio on gain of Tibetan lamb and aid to provide a theoretical foundation for compounding dietary in Fattening lambs. 90 two-month age Tibetan lambs were selected and divided randomly into 3 groups,and fed dietary with different concentrate to forage ratio of 7∶3,6∶4 and 5∶5, respectively. Experiment period was 120 days. The results showed that the lamb daily gain increased with dietary concentrate to forage ratio increased (P<0.01),the feed efficiency was increased with dietary concentrate to forage ratio improving. Economic profit was best when the ratio was 7∶3.

Forsythoside A as one of the effective constituents extracted from Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl has wide pharmacological activity. Forsythoside A not only suppress a varieties of Gram positive and negative bacteria which caused different infections,but also has strong ability of anti-viruses. Forsythoside A plays the role of immunoloregulation by regulate different kinds of cytokines and has antioxidation by removing the free radicals. This article is main about the forsythoside A pharmacological activity.

With rapid development of livestock and aquaculture industry, the ranges and the varieties of using veterinary drugs and feed additive supplements are increased and expanded. As we get remarkable economic benefit, the residues of veterinary drugs and illegal substances have effect public health, especially the hormone residues. The technique of determination and detriment of sex hormone residues in animal derived foods were dissertated in this paper.

The aim of this paper is to improve the clinical curative effect of Chinese herbal compound(Bai hua she she cao,Honeysuckle,Astragalus,Licorice) and promote research of antiviral mechanism of action and provide the scientific basis for chinese herbal compound formulations reform and industrialized production. This study adopted orthogonal design with single factor investigation to optimize compound water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology which were follows: the weight of water extracting was referred as index for checking and choosing L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table design test to optimize the time of soaking, water consumption, decoction time, decocting number. The HPLC was used to measure content of glycyrrhizic acid of of chinese compound condensate which was referred as index for optimizing.The L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table was selected to optimize ethanol concentration, ethanol dosage and the time of alcohol precipitation. The best technology of water extraction was soaking for 1 hour,adding 12 times alcohol into Chinese medical materials, decocting 4 times and 1.5 hour each. The best technology of the alcohol precipitation was to adding 4 times 80% alcohol into extractum and then sedimenting 16 hours. With the practical production and cost factors,the technology of water extracting and alcohol sedimentating of chinese herbal compound water extracting and alcohol sedimentating was made by the way of soaking one hour,adding 12 times alcohol into chinese medical materials, decocting 3 times and 1 hour each time,adding 3 times 65% alcohol into extractum and then alcohol sedimenting 16 hours.The yield of water extraction extractum was 57.2% and the content of glycyrrhizic acid of extractum was 0.42% which all close to the maximum result in the results of orthogonal design.