The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate calcium (HMB-Ca) on growth performance, slaughter trait and blood hormones in broiler chickens. Six hundred day-old Arbor Acres (AA) chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of twenty chickens and fed different levels of HMB-Ca ( 0 (control group) ,0.05%,0.1%,0.15% and 0.2%) in the diet respectively. The experiment lasted 42 d. Growth performance including average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed to gain ratio (F/G) during 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, 1 to 42 d, slaughter trait at 42 d and serum hormones at the age of 21,42 d were determined. The results showed that, compared with the control, there were no significant differences on ADG,ADFI and F/G by adding different levels of HMB-Ca during the experiment (P＞0.05), and dietary 0.1% HMB-Ca ameliorated the F/G in 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d; chicks fed 0.1% HMB-Ca diet had significant increased breast muscle rate (P＞0.05), and also had the trend of increasing leg muscle rate; At 42 d of age ,chicks in the groups of HMB-Ca adding level above 0.05% had significant higher serum insulin level compared to the controls (P＞0.05), and those in 0.1% HMB-Ca group was the highest. Serum GH level was higher in lower (0.05%) HMB-Ca level group than those in higher (0.15%, 0.2%) HMB-Ca levels(P<0.05). In conclusion, appropriate dietary HMB-Ca could enhance the breast muscle rate and serum insulin level, and it seemed that the 0.1% inclusion level was recommended in production.

This review mainly summarizes effects of early weanling on the intestinal mucosal immunity of early weaned piglets, the nutritional function of glutamine, and their regulative effect on the structure and function of intestinal mucosal immunity, the intestinal barrier function and antioxidative function as well as growth performance of early weaned piglets.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound Chinese herb on growth performance and immune function of forest eco-chicken. 200 twenty-eight-days-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups and appended on 0.5%, 1%, 2% compound Chinese medicine asⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and control group without any drugs. And then determined the growth performance, Newcastle disease HI antibody levels, immune organ index and lymphocyte transformation rate. The results showed the growth performance and survival rate, the growth and development of immune organs and the rate of lymphocyte transformation were significantly improved in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups that diets supplemented with 1%, 2%,as well as the level and duration of HI antibody.

270 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups, each group contained of three replicates with 15 broilers. GroupⅠfed basic diet without antibiotic and prebiotics, groupⅡ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ was fed with basic diets adding antibiotic, 0.5%, 1.0％, 1.5％ and 2.0％ Chinese herb feed additive respectively. The trial lasted 42 days to study the effects on meat quality in broilers. The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine could improve the content of meat nutrition and remarkably decrease the content of cholesterol.

120 crossbred piglets were weaned at 21 d of age and then had free access to diets with 2.05% alanine (the control group),the control group supplemented with 0.6% L-arginine(the L-arginine group) or 0.09% Argrinine Activartor Additive. The experiment lasted 7 d. The goal of experiment was to determine the effects of 0.6% L-arginine or 0.09% AAA on growth performance, internal organs weight and serum biochemical parameters. The results showed that ADG, ADFI, feed-weight ratio increased in the L-arginine group (P＜0.05), the liver, kidney, spleen and lung weight relative to body weight were lower (P＞0.05), and the heart weight were higher (P＞0.05) in L-arginine group and AAA group than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Compared to the control group, serum SUN and ALP were lower in the L-arginine group and the AAA group (P＜0.05). These yesults indicated that supplementation with L-arginine or AAA could velease early weaned stresses and improve growth performance of early-weaned piglets, and sopplementation with 0.09% AAA could institute 0.6% L-arginine in piglets.

The purpose of the present study is to reveal the expression of adrenergic receptors(β1AR,β2AR,β3AR,α1A,α1B and α1D) and cholinergic receptors (M1,M2,M3,M4 and M5) mRNA in mouse testis during different periods,and the effects of NE and Ach on the differentiation of Leydig cells from development mouse testis. RT-PCR results showed that β1AR and β2AR mRNA expressed from postnatal day 1 (PD1) to PD50. β3AR,α1A and α1B mRNA only expressed in the earlier development period,no detected in mature testis. α1D mRNA expressed in mature testis,no detected in the earlier devepoment period. M1R,M2R,M3R and M5R mRNA expressed from newborn to the adult period,however,M4R mRNA only detected in the mature testis. Otherwise, we modified the methods to culture the Leydig cells in vitro on PD15,then treated with NE and Ach. The results showed that Ach improved the numbers of BrdU labeled cells in the culturing Leydig cells(P＜0.01). Adrenergic receptors and cholinergic receptors expressed through all the development stages in mouse testis. Ach enhanced the proliferation of Leydig cells during development stage.

Buffalo is susceptible animals to Fasciola gigantic. To clarify the mechanism of immune,mononuclear macrophage cells have a very important role. In this experiment, buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by centrifugation, cultured in plates and then got adherent monouclear cells. The number of the adherent monouclear cells in culturein vitro. Adherent cells cultured 72 h identificate by inverted microscope.Wright’s staining indicated that those cells had the cell morphology of mononuclear macrophage cell.Acid phosphatase (positive rate 72.8%±0.5%), non-specific esterase (positive rates 84.6%±0.4%) had the cell cytochemical characteristics. The immunocytochemistry for the the adherent cells found that they display typical functional membrane protein MHC Ⅱ. Phagocytosis (positive rates 87.5%±0.6%)was measured by Chinese ink.The result indicated the adherent cells retain the phagocytic activities. The results showed that adherent cells from buffalo blood culture in 72 h have mononuclear macrophage characteristics and could used to the future study at culture in 72,96,120 h in vitro.

TUNEL method was adopted for vertical and longitudinal slip section of hair follicles, which were from lateral part of Liaoning Cashmere goats during a year in different months, two months as an internal. The results indicated that the dead cells which controlling growth of hair follicle were clustering disposed, the phenomenon of apoptosis on mechanocyte of hair papilla was hardly found. The correlation between cycling of growth and apoptosis of hair follicle was found. The cells of apoptosis decreased during anagen, the cells of apoptosis increased prominently. The trend of changing on apoptosis of hair follicle, from the two types of Liaoning Cashemere goats, was coincidence fundamentally, compared with seasonal type, only the quantity of apoptosis cells were fewer before anagen.

In order to study the relationship between antibiotics and probiotics for safe animal production,two kinds of antibiotics (aureomycin and colistin sulfate) were used to study the inhibiting effect of antibiotics on the growth of Lactobacillus by measuring the pH value,absorbance value and viable cell number. The results showed that 0.025% aureomycin and 0.05% colistin sulfate had significant effect on inhibiting the growth of Lactobacillus after 24 h anaerobic incubation(P<0.05); the inhibiting effect of antibiotics became weak with the extending incubation time,indicating the endurable ability of Lactobacillus for antibiotics became stronger.

miRNAs are a kind of endogenous, non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length, which can regulate the target gene expression at post-transcriptional level by trimming the transcript or repressing the translation. Plenty of studies showed that miRNAs in animals played important roles in animal developmental process, such as early embryonic development, brain and neurological development, cardiac development, bone and muscle development and so on. There are evidences demonstrating that some miRNAs are specifically expressed in placenta and play an important role in placental normal development. Therefore, we gave a key reference to miRNAs involved in placental development in this article.

A sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of alachlor, acetochlor and atrazine in feed samples. Three herbicides in feed were extracted and enriched efficiently by using the QuECheRS method.The extraction was separated by capillary column (HP-5MS , 30 m × 0. 25 mm ×0. 25 μm) and detected by GC/MS. The good linearities were obtained for 3 herbicides, and the linear range was 0 to 5 μg/ kg. The recoveries were 94.5% to 115. 4 % for the three herbicides, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 4.4 % to 9.2 %.The limit of detection(LOD) for the three herbicides were 1.5 μg/ kg. The method is suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis of three herbicides in a sufficient number of samples with simplicity, sensitivity and repeatability, and which could meet the request of peptide antibiotic residue testing at home and abroad.

This study aimed to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine antibody responses in chickens induced by a 4-valent attenuated vaccine (COCVAC) containing E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina and E. maxima against chicken coccidiosis. Three hundred Lingnan Yellow chickens were randomly divided into groups A (immunization-challenge group), B (non-immunization-non-challenge group) and C (non-immunization -challenge group), respectively; and each group had 100 broilers. Chickens in group A were immunized with the vaccine at the age of 4 days, and then boosted (second immunization) at the age of 11 days. After the second immunization chickens in groups A and C were challenged with 280000 mixed oocysts of the 4 Eimeria species/bird) at the age of 17 days. Seven days after challenge infection, the survival rate of in groups A and C was compared. After the second and the third immunizations, blood samples were collected from birds in groups A and B, and serum antibodies to the vaccine were detected using the established ELISA. The average optical density (D) values of birds in group A were 0.870 and 0.904 respectively, which were significantly higher than the average D values of chickens in group B (0.270 and 0.261 respectively). These results indicated that chickens immunized with the 4-valent attenuated coccidian vaccine can induce significant antibody responses, which correlates with the immune protection it induced, demonstrating that the established ELISA provides a useful tool for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy.

To clone and do the sequence analysis of the heme acquisition system receptor of Pasteurella multocida from healthy calves and calves with pneumonia, all DNA fragment of HasR gene was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of Pasteurella multocida from healthy calves and calves with pneumonia by PCR and cloned into pMD19-T vector and the cloned fragment was sequenced after identified by PCR and two restriction enzyme digestion. DNA sequence comparison of the amplified fragment with the published sequence of HasR gene in GenBank (strain Pm70) showed high nucleotide homology among the Pm-BS-a,Pm142-x-4,Pm142-x-3,Pm149-x,Pm-BS-d,and there was a higher homology between Pm149-x and reference strain Pm70. The high homology of HasR gene between healthy calves and calves with pneumonia indicated that the Pasteurella multocida inducing pneumonia of calf might be come from upper respiratory of their own or their parents.

Three breeds of male pigs (Coke pig, Yorkshire and White pig) were applied to sequence in parts of CDS,3'UTR of DAZ gene based on DNA pooling and PCR products. The results showed that DAZ gene were found mutations in the three pig breeds. The results of homologous analysis showed that the homologous rate of nucleotide sequences of the parts of CDS, 3'UTR in human, orangutan, monkey, mouse and cow were 97.0%,95.2%,96.1%,92.9% and 97.0%,respectively. It showed that the parts of CDS and 3'UTR of the DAZ gene sequence in mammals were highly conservaton. Pigs could be used to establish animal mode, providing scientific foundation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that pig and cow were in a branch on the evolutionary. The analysis of the protein hydrophobicity showed that a strong hydrophobic was in the 17 to 20.

Two pairs of primers were designed and synthesized based on the sequence of the Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus reported in GenBank,and the N gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) from CDV-GZ1 strain in Guizhou.The amplified fragment was cloned and analyzed.The results showed that the length of N gene was 1572 bp.The homology of coding amino acid between this strain and CDV Shuskiy and 01-2689 strain was 98.9% and 97.1% respectively,while above 95% among other domestic strain.It illustrated that N protein have highly conservation property.

The two enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSDs) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(17βHSDs) are essential for the conversion of all steroid hormones from non-active to their active forms,which play an important role in regulating the balance between hormones and maintaining the normal physiological functions in mammals. Here we presented 3βHSDs and 17βHSDs gene molecular structure and function,tissu-specific expression,as well as regulation of transcription. Moreover,the relation of these two enzymes in pig production was also reviewed.

DNA of three types of avian Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG; Mycoplasma synoviae, MS and Mycoplasma meleagridis, MM) were extracted and amplified through single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR with three sets of specific oligonucleotide primers. There were consistent specific electrophoresis bands by both single PCR assay and multiplex PCR assay,and the fragments were gained respectively,that was 732 bp for MG,207 bp for MS and 850 bp for MM. While the same bands were gained on agarose gel, the fluid cultures containing Mycoplasma were directly performed for PCR. These data showed that the established multiplex PCR assay might facilitate differentiation of clinical infection by different serotype of avian Mycoplasma. At the same time,the comparison test between ELISA for serum and PCR for MG in chickens also presented the availability of detecting MG clinically.

Chicken interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a kind of glycoprotein excreted by activated T cells, which significantly enhance the role of the immune. Chicken IL-2, not only has great action on growth and differentiation of T cells and B cells and on the activating of NK cells, but also has immune effect with other cytokines. It is an immune-regulating factor affecting almost every immunoreaction. This article review the research advances on molecular biology and disease prevention of interleukin-2 in chicken.

In order to explore the genetic mutations of the F gene and HN gene and the law of molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus in China,nine influenza virus NDV were isolated from some poultry yards in China,the whole F and HN cDNA fragments of them were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,with primers specific to F gene and HN gene.After cloning and sequecing,gene sequences were analyzed on homology and heredity evolution.The sequence analysis showed 8 NDV isolates belonged to genotype Ⅶ,and 1 NDV isolates belonged to genotype Ⅱ.The F gene of NDV isolates had a 1662 bp open reading fragment (ORF) and the homology of the nucleotide of F gene is from 83.5% to 84.2%. The HN gene of NDV isolates had 1716 or 1734 bp.The glycosylation site of HN in virulent virus strains absence on 538 aa.The results revealed that Ⅶ genotype was the main genotype of NDV occurred in China now,variation of F gene and HN gene might be related to frequent vaccine selection pressure.

In this study,HN gene of Newcastle disease virus(NDV) isolate sc05 was cloned,sequenced,on this basis,the 76 to 571 aa fragment of C-terminal function domain was subcloned into pET32a(＋) expression vector,obtained recombinant expression plasmid pET32a-HN. pET32a-HN was identificated to be correct, and it was transfored into BL21 plysS(DE3) cells. Selected positive clones, induced expression by 1 mmol/L IPTG, and the expression products were identified. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that HN gene function domain fragments in BL21 plysS(DE3) cells achieved fusion expression, size of the recombinant protein was about 76 ku, Western blotting confirmed the biological activity of recombinant protein. This work was benefit for further study of the functional domains of the HN protein immunogenicity and the development of the HN gene of Newcastle disease vaccine project.

Biochip technology is the forefront of 21st century human biotechnology. It is the revolutionary technological breakthrough after gene cloning, gene sequencing and PCR technology, and now has become the focus of field of biotechnology. The most outstanding feature is its high throughput, high integration, miniaturization, parallel, diversification and automation. It is these advantages, making the biochip technology has become widely used in many fields of life science research. This paper focuses on the characteristics and status of biochips, technical aspects and its application in veterinary science are reviewed.

According to the conserved sequence in the matrix (M) gene of influenza A virus published in GenBank,a pair of primers for amplification influenza A virus specified fragment were designed and a RT-PCR assay for detection influenza A virus among pigs was established. The results showed that the RT-PCR was sensitive and specific,and useful to detect the clinical samples. It is the foundation for clinical diagnosis and epidemiologic survey of influenza A virus circulating in swine herds.

2 pathogenic Escherichia coli strains O₈₆K₆₁ and O₄₄K₇₄ were isolated from geese colibacillosis suspect cases in Zhanjiang area, and were used to produce oil adjuvant inactivated vaccine. 20-day-old geese were inoculated with the vaccine and boosted 15 days late. The blood samples were collected and the serum agglutination antibody titers of the geese were determined to evaluate the immune efficiency, then the geese were challenged with 10¹⁰/mL pathogenic Escherichia coli to confirm the immune protection effect of the emulsion vaccine. The results showed that the vaccine above was safe and reliable, the serum antibody titers of the immunized birds came to 1∶32 and 1∶128 respectively inoculated 15 and 30 days late. Moreover, the vaccine inoculated birds were all protected against the challenge of the pathogenic bacteria, whereas the control animals exhibited visible clinical signs of colibacillosis, and the pathogenic Escherichia coli O₈₆ and O₄₄ subtypes could be isolated from the sick geese.

Propagation traits are one of the important traits in callte,reproduction performance directly related to production cost and production efficiency. Therefore,it is hot topic to improve the efficiency of cattle propagation traits at home and abroad. This article summarizes recent progress of propagation traits candidate genes in cattle and its application prospect.

In order to lay the foundation for further study on relationship between polymorphisms of LEPR and growth traits in sheep, using DNA and RNA samples from a population crossed between Merrino and Awassi sheep, parts of ovine LEPR cDNA and intron 7 were sequenced in 4 ewes in an attempt to find polymorphisms, and DNA from 229 samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP at two mutation loci. The 2608 bp of LEPR cDNA included complete exon 2 to exon 16 and partial sequence of exon 1 and exon 17, and the whole length of LEPR intron 7 was 160 bp. 5 point mutations were found, two in exon 2 (T240C and A279G ), A1683G and T2373C were in exon 10 and exon 14 respectively, at the same time, a A to G mutation was found in intron 7 (1285+A73G). They all didn’t cause amino acid substitution. Frequencies for allele A at A279G and A1683G were 0.415 and 0.467,respectively. However, the latter was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, and GG and AA were the main haplotypes in this sheep population. The similarity scores of LEPR cDNA or intron 7 were high among species, though the former were higher, and the phylogenetic tree based on LEPR mRNA was more accurate with higher reliability value than based on LEPR intron 7, which may be caused mainly by the length of intron 7. These results indicated that ovine LEPR was highly conserved, and transition was the main mutation way, in addition, A279G and A1683G were mutational hotspots in LEPR gene.

Voice is the ligament of parent-offspring communication in domestic pigs,which is also part of microenvironment of their living. The writers summarize the transmission path of auditory,the voice characteristics of pigs,voice contact of parent-offspring and the effects of voice on performance and behaviors,in order to further reduce weaning stress and improve the performance of pigs.

The polymorphism of exon 2 to 3 of growth hormone gene(GH) gene was measured with the method of direct sequenceing in Guizhou Xiaoxiang chicken in this study. The results showed that there were 4 SNPs in intron 2,which were G47A,T170C,T334C and G393A.The results of Chi-square test indicated that the T334C site unfit with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,but the three others sites fit with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

In this study, genetic diversity was analyzed by using BL1038,BM757,BM4621,OarFCB304,OarFCB48 these five microsatellite markers in Small-tailed Han sheep. The results showed that there were 57 alleles in the five microsatellite loci of Small-tailed Han sheep. The number of effective alleles (Ne) were between 5.7315 and 12.3025 in Small-tailed Han sheep. The average number of effective alleles of five microsatellite loci was 7.4888. The highest number of effective allele of OarFCB48 was 12.3025. The average heterozygosity of five microsatellite loci was 0.8559. The heterozygosity of OarFCB48 was the highest was 0.9187. The PIC content of OarFCB48 was the highest which could be 0.9130 and BM757 was the lowest which was only 0.8091, 0.8439 for the average PIC.The reseach showed that the polymorphism information content of Small-tailed Han sheep was higher and it could provide the scientific basis for conservation and utilization breeds of sheep.

To characterize the long terminal repeat (LTR) of different subgroups of ALVs,fragments of 5' LTR of subgroup J strains HN06 and NX0101,subgroup A isolate GD08 and subgroup B isolate CD08 were cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. The 5' LTRs of HN06 and NX0101 had an 90.8% to 97.5% nucleotide sequence identity in comparison with other ALV-J strains. The 5'LTR of GD08 had the highest identity of 94.6％ with that of the domestic strain SDAU09C1 of ALV-A and had a lower nucleotide sequence identity of 91.7％ and 92.4％ with HN06 and NX0101,respectively. The nucleotide sequence of CD08 5'LTR was highly identified with that of ALV-J 5'LTRs. The R region had a high nucleotide similarity,while the U3 and U5 regions showed variance. To compare the promoter activities,the 5'LTR fragments of different ALV isolates were inserted into the pCAT-basic vector and transfected into DF-1 cells,respectively. Kinetic analysis for CAT activity showed that the promoter activities of 5'LTR from HN06 and NX0101 were similar,as well as that form GD08 and CD08. While there were significant differences in activity between ALV-J and GD08 or CD08.

To construct expression vertor of MadCam-1 gene, to expression and purify recombination protein and to prepare polyclonal antibody, which have laid a foundation of studying its function. A pair of primers was designed according to the sequence of MadCam-1 from GenBank. The MadCam-1 gene was amplified by PCR. The expression vector pGEX-4T-1-MadCam-1 was reconstructed and transformed into E.coli BL21,then it was induced by IPTG.The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Rabbits were immunized with the purified MadCam-1 to generate antisera. The results showed that the homology of 100% of the cloned MadCam-1 gene to that reported in GenBank. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-MadCam-1 was constructed successfully. The expression product was identified by Western blotting. The results showed that the molecular weight of recombinant protein pGEX-4T-1-MadCam-1 was 50 ku.Then rabbits were injected with purified protein to induce immunoreactions and the potency of the antibody was as high as 1∶32000. Therefore,the polyclonal antibody of MadCam-1 was induced.The results of this study lay a foundation for further study of the function of dairy cows MadCam-1.

We investigated whether different nest environments would influence the vitality and survival of neonates and the dam’s maternal behavior. We designed four different nests: A,AB,AC,AD, B was traditional type. We judged the effect of nest enviroment on maternal behaviour by nest building and kit-retrieval test on 5 d, the kit survival and growth as well. The results showed as follow: treatment neither affect the within-litter variation in body weight of live kit and the neonates number. AC nest type was beneficial for the maternal behavior and decrease the survival of live-born until 14 d and average weight. The new nests got an advantage of traditional type on heat retaining property and keeping kit alive.

In order to observe the polymorphism distribution of H-FABP and LPIN1 gene in different breeds of swines,analysis was carried out upon 61 Junmu 1 White pigs,51 Durocs pigs and 51 Tibetian pigs by PCR-RFLP. The results revealed that all these three breeds showed a single genotype of HH on the Hinf Ⅰ locus and showed polymorphism on the Hae Ⅲ locus for H-FABP,with D allelic frequency of 0.1475,0.2255 and 0.7647,respectively. The H-FABP/Msp Ⅰ locus,however,behaved a single genotype of aa in Junmu 1 White pigs and the A allelic frequency was 0.6078 and 0.4609 in Duroc and Tibetian pigs respectively. For LPIN1 /Eco88 Ⅰ,Duroc pigs showed single genotype of AA and Junmu 1 White and Tibetian pigs showed polymorphism with A allelic frequency of 0.4262 and 0.2059, respectively. For LPIN1/Bsh1236 Ⅰ locus,Duroc pigs showed single genotype of TT,Junmu 1 White and Tibetian pigs showed polymorphism with the T allelic frequency of 0.7459 and 0.2059, respectively.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the dimethylacetylamide(DMF) and trehalose in boar semen cryopreservation protocols. In experiment 1,DMF was added at 5% to the diluents instead of glycerol used to freeze boar semen completely,evaluated lactose and trehalose on the effect of sperm cryopreservation.The results showed that compared with the lactose,trehalose increased significantly add frozen-thawed sperm viability(49.32±1.52)% and acrosome integrity(47.33%±1.16%)(P<0.05). In exprement 2,with trehalose replaced lactose,evaluated different concentrations of DMA on the cryopreservation of boar semen. The results showed that when the DMA was added at 4% level,sperm motility,viability and acrosome integrity after thawing were (45.17±0.56)%,(50.33±0.67)%,(48.30±1.44)% respectively,and were superior to 3% DMA,6% DMA(P<0.05),sperm motility was significantly higher than 5% DMA added group (P<0.05),but the sperm vitality,acrosome integrity were not significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion,these results showed that when the use of trehalose as the basis of dilution of cryopreservation,the volume fraction of 4% DMA showed a better effect on the quality of boar cryopreservation semen.

The preservation of the biodiversity of animal breeds is the key to maintain the ability of animal production toadapt to the changing environment. A global overview of goats is showing a contradictory situation: on one hand,small but well organised sectors have developed in a few countries for milk,meat and fibre production; on the other,most of the goats are mostly still used for auto consumption of milk,meat and fibres in village herds. The present goat genetic situation includes a small number of selected and well characterised breeds for milk,meat and fibres and a majority of not well defined populations and local breeds,generally without selection schemes and organisation. After having observed that in many cases,this report concludes by some proposals to express with more efficiency the genetic potentiality of this interesting species.

To search for differentially expressed genes and analysis its genetic effections,in this study,actin alpha 1 (ACTA1) gene was found differentially expressed in longissimus dorsi of Yanbian Yellow cattle,which had significant difference on intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and its full-length cDNA sequence was obtained from Yanbian Yellow cattle. The tissue expression analysis indicated that the ACTA1 gene was highly expressed in muscle and longissimus dorsi. One SNP was detected by sequence comparison in 5' non-coding region.The polymorphisms of ACTA1 were detected in a 100 Yanbian Yellow cattles population by PCR-RFLP and the association of genotype with growth traits,which result in 3 genotypes named AA,AG and GG respectively,the genotype frequency of AA,AG and GG were 0.24,0.50 and 0.26;Allele frequencies of A and G were 0.37 and 0.63. Variance analysis showed: some indexes of the individuals with GG genotype were higher than that with genotype AA and AG, such as the indexes of body length, body weight and average day gain(P＜0.05); the heart girth of individuals with GG genotype was extremely higher than AG genotype (P<0.05); there were not significantly differences in the wither height individuals with different genotype.The GG genotype may have positive effect on growth traits. This indicated that ACTA1 gene as marker can be used to selection of growth trait in Yanbian Yellow cattle.

Luxi cattle are one of excellent region breeds in China. In order to more effectively develop appropriate breeding program and speed up breeding beef line of Luxi cattle, open nucleus and close nucleus were set respective on the basis of the nucleus breeding scheme and young bull system. And deterministic simulation was used to evaluate these two schemes for breeding efficiency. The results showed that the program of open and close nucleus breeding program compared to a comprehensive genetic gain increased 0.80%;breeding profit increased 9.39%;breeding efficiency increased 10.64%;generation interval extended 0.90%. According to the results, breeding efficiency of open nucleus breeding system super to closed breeding system on the basis nucleus scheme for beef line of Luxi cattle.

To make clear the area of sheep nasal flies maggots infection and the pathological changes of the disease by performing an infection survey and pathology study of Oestrus ovis in the loess plateau area in Shanxi province in spring and autumn. 307 samples were dissected to check the infection status of nasal flies maggots larvae, while histopathology methods were used to observe pathological changes. And take the infection of sheep nasal mucosa, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, brain and lung histologic examination. 34 cases were detected in 157 sampled cases in spring 22% detection rate; 70 in 150 were detected in autumn 47% detection rate; the average infection rate was 34%. The pathological changes are mainly manifested as follows: nasal mucosa appeared different injury and proliferative inflammation, retropharyngeal lymph node inflammatory cells were infiltrated, and some lungs appeared emphysema, brain tissue edema. Immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with no parasite detected cases, the quantity of IgA secretory cells and IgG secretory cells in parasites detected cases was increased in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of sheep, especially in lymph node medulla.

Intestinal mucosal barrier include mechanical barrier and immune barrier etc. The immune barrier mainly is composed of intestinal epithelial absorbed cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Intestinal mucosal immune cells can be included by lymphocytes,goblet cells,mast cell and so on. And mast cell is one of the innate immune effector cells. It can not only play a key role in the innate immunity but also play an important role in the acquired immune by secreting of cytokine. Here we make a brief summary about biological characteristics of mast cell,and its function in intestinal immunological barrier.

Candida stain is a conditional pathomycete that could be isolated from the bovine with the disease of endometritis. The 183 Candida strains were isolated from the uterus mucus of bovine with disease endometritis were used to identified at the level of generic by API20CAUX. The most commonly could be isolated were Candida krusei which accounted for 33.9%, followed by Candida rugosa were 17.5%, and the Candida kefyr, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis were 13.1%, 11.5%, 8.7%. The seldom could be isolated were Candida zeylanoides, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondi, Candida fanata, Candida glabrata were 5.5%, 4.4%, 3.3%, 1.1%, 1.1%. In addition, we had also tested the active of hemolyzation in vitro of the Candida stain. Candida krusei, Candida kefyr, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida zeylanoides and Candida glabrata display α and β haemolysis post inoculation 48 h. Candida rugosa, Candida guilliermondi, Candida fanata only display α haemolysis, Candida parapsilosis didn’t display any haemolysis after incubation 72 h. Candida albicans and Candida kefyr had a higher haemolysis than others. This study lays the foundation for future study of clinical prevention and treatment of fungal endometritis and pathogenesis.

To establish canine acute pancreatitis model, the compounds trypsin and sodium cholate were injected into canals of Wirsung total for 4 dogs. When the acute pancreatitis model were challenged, observe its pathological changes in breast tissue morphology, HCT, WBC, AMY, positive result of blood culture on 1^st day, 2^nd day, 4^th day and 7^th day, and 7 days later. The results showed that ①Severe hyperaemia and haemorrhage of pancreas could be seen after injecting sodium cholate. ②In comparison with those of HCT, WBC, AMY, the animals were significantly higher than pre-challenge level. The results demonstrated that the case model of acute pancreatitis could be built by injecting sodium cholate and compounds trypsin.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted from infected to susceptible ruminants by hematophagous vector midges (Culicoides species).Amongst domestic livestock,bluetongue is most common in certain breeds of sheep. BTV infection of sheep with clinical symptom is typical in enzootic regions. BTV infection of cattle are most common,whereas asymptomatic. This review analysed and summarized the BTV epidemic situation and potential spread of disease transimission line,as well as the progress on the molecular biology and pathogensis of BTV and the host immune response against BTV. Furthermore,the advances on vaccine of BTV were descirbed,and also suggested to enhance the study of BTV for provention BTV in the future.

Taking fungi and denitrifying bacteria for experimental strains,in a certain proportion of shrimp pond after mixing ratio of nitrite aquaculture water content of degradation or processing. The results indicated that after dosing the hybrid bacterium fluid handling of central shrimp pond water aquaculture nitrate content were lower than that of a single denitrifying bacteria,Oriental bacteria nitrogen king,and denitration comprehensive agent and control group,the mixed bacteria shrimp pond aquaculture water decomposition liquid in the role of nitrite in have different features,can form symbiotic long-acting shrimp pond water aquaculture environmental restoration of microbial populations provides the basis.

An indirect ELISA coated with 121 ℃ high pressure Haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 and 5 hot-torlerance protein was established. The results of chessboard titration tests showed that coating antigen at a concentration of 10 μg/mL incubated optimally at 37 ℃ for 2 h and then coated for 30 min with 20 g/mL skim milk powder. The optimal dilution of serum was 1∶80. The reaction time of coating antigen with serum 30 min. The optimal dilution of ELISA secondary antibody was 1∶12000. The reaction time was 30 min. The time of color development reaction was 15 min. Reproducibility,specificity,sensitivity tests and detection for 200 sera by the established ELISA confirmed that the developed ELISA had good stability and specificity. Compared with indirect haemagglutination test,the indirect ELISA was more sensitive and the clinical test result was consistent to overseas ELISA reagent kits. So this assay can be used as a tool for diagnosis and quarantine of H.parasuis.

Newcastle disease is one of the most serious infectious disease of poultry in present worldwide. Newcastle disease virus(NDV) has a negative-sense,single-stranded RNA genome, encoding six structural proteins that NP,P,M,F,HN and L,which are located in the peplos both F and HN glycoproteins are the most important. F protein with the role of the virus envelope and host cell membrane fusion, resulting in the virus penetrates the host cell membrane,is key factor to determine the virulence. HN protein with two active of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which has an important role to NDV infection cells. The two glycoproteins are not only play a decisive role to the virulence and pathogenicity of NDV,but also introduce protective antibody. The paper provides a review of the structure and function of this two proteins.

In recent years, brucellosis has shown ascendant trend between human and livestock. Not only did seriously threaten human health, but also it affected the rapid development of national economy, it has become a worldwide public health problem. This paper overviewed current main laboratory diagnosis methods of animal brucellosis at home and gained much new progress of the disease diagnosis technology in domestic and abroad. These new development provided a reference for our research rapider, more sensitive, easier operation brucellosis diagnostic technique, and which also provided technical support for the fast, accurate diagnosis of this disease. So we can effectively prevent and control the disease.

To investigate hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among pigs in Henan province and control the swine hepatitis E virus genotype,the HEV-IgG antibody was applied to screen the swine sera collected from commercial pig farms in Henan region with commercial DS-ELISA kit. Liver and fecal samples were tested for HEV RNA with nested RT-PCR. Our data indicated that among 530 samples tested,3 swine serum samples were positive for HEV-IgG antibody,the seroprevalence rate was 0.6％ in general and all the samples were negative for HEV RNA. It was shown that swine hepatitis E virus was at low infection rate in Henan province.

This study aimed at the isolation, identification and treatment of the pathogen which was responsible for the sucking pig diarrhea that was epidemic in many provinces recently. The author conducted a comprehensive research using methods including the observation of the clinical symptoms, pathological anatomy, the isolation of the pathogen, bacterioscopy, the observation of the colonial configuration, biochemical identification, and animal testing. A single strain of Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the disease part of the sucking pig in many pig farms attacked by the disease and the potential prevention and treatment to the pathogen was explored. In result, the current severe sucking pig diarrhea had a close relation with the infection of Clostridium perfringens. The methods of treating Clostridium perfringens and inactivated vaccine produced by the farms had obvious positive results to the treatment and prevention of the disease respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes of main components in colostrum and milk of buffalo. The percentage of milk fat, lactose, protein, TS and SNF from buffalo (Murrah×Dehong) colostrum and milk were assayed by instrument. In addition, the compositions of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and scanned using gel imaging-forming system. As a result, the concentration of lactose in colostrum seemed to increase by day. The percentages of protein, TS and SNF tended to decrease. Fat content in colostrum changed irregularly and appeared small-scope fluctuation. The content of LF, SA and Igs were the highest on 1 d, then declined in subsequent days. The percentage of CN dominated in milk protein and increased with lactation. The content of β-LG was the lowest at 1 d and had the peak at 5 d and 7 d. The content of α-LA was the lowest on 1 d, but it rose sharply on 2 d and varied smoothly in the other days. Most of the components in milk were stable, sometimes had volatility, but there was no significant difference between each day. The results indicated that the content of main components in colostrum changed greatly, the colostrum was nutritionally superior to milk.

70 of the 45-day Roman chickens were randomly divided into control group and experimental Ⅰ-Ⅵ groups to explore the impact of different doses of Tilmicosin on cardiac function and respiratory. With increasing dose and administration time of Tilmicosin,the results showed that 2 died in Ⅴ group and 4 died in Ⅵ group; heart rate(HR) increased and then gradually restored. However,after 5 h,HR of Ⅵ group was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.01); left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) decreased gradually,the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is increased gradually. 5 h after administration,LVSP of Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ group was significantly lower than the control group,Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ group (P＜0.01),Ⅴ and Ⅵ group was significantly lower than group Ⅳ (P＜0.01). LVEDP was significantly higher in group Ⅱ compared with the control group and Ⅰ group (P＜0.05),Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P＜0.05),and significantly higher than group Ⅰ (P＜0.01). Ⅴ and Ⅵ group was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.01); Ⅰ-Ⅴ group breathing gradually deepened and accelerated. After 5 h,the respiration rate of Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than the control group,Ⅰ and Ⅱ group (P＜0.05),but the respiratory rate of Ⅵ group was significantly lower than Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups (P＜0.01). In the treatment of diseases of chickens,the safe drinking water dose of Tilmicosin is 400-600 mg/L,more than 800 mg/L,has a significant impact on cardiopulmonary function.

In order to develop the new doxycycline prepration,the best formula of doxycycline injection was selected by orthogonal experiments on the basis of single factor experiment and determined by high perfomance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The injection’s appearance, clarity, pH value and so on all meet the requirement of Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5 to 100 μg/mL, R²＝0.9992, with the average recovery rate of 99.87%,the intra-day CV≤0.42%, the extra-day CV≤0.96%. The concentration of doxycycline injection is 98.3%. The results show that the determination method is steady reliable, the final formula is reasonable and the content meets the requirement.

NDV,H9N2 AIV and PRRSV in different volumes at different states were irradiated by ⁶⁰Coγ ray and the inactivating effects of ⁶⁰Coγ rays on these viruses in inactivated vaccine were investigated. The results showed that NDV,H9N2 AIV and PRRSV in the volume of 5000 and 10000 mL at frozen or liquid state were not inactivated by 6.0 kGy ⁶⁰Coγ irradiation respectively. After irradiation the HA titers of NDV and AIV H9N2 contained in frozen allantoic fluid were lower than those of unirradiated frozen allantoic fluid while the HA titers of NDV and AIV H9N2 were higher than those of unirradiated allantoic fluid. At liquid state 250 mL PRRSV in cell culture was completely inactivated by ⁶⁰Coγ rays,at the same time NDV and H9N2 AIV in the volume of 250,5000 and 10000 mL were not completely inactivated,and the HA titer of 250 mL NDV was significantly different(P＜0.05) compared with that of NDV in the volume of 5000 and 10000 mL. ⁶⁰Coγ ray irradiation has a good inactivating effect on PRRSV at liquid state and it can be used to inactivate viruses in inactivated vaccine.

To study the relation between the expression of EBV membrane antigen (MA) and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Taking the KM mouse as the control group, ELISA was applied to observe the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the mouse. The level of IL-6 in the EBV mice increase compared to the KM mice. The level of TNF-α in the EBV mice went up significantly compared to the KM mice. We proved that expression of EBV membrane antigen (MA) could promote expression of IL-6 and TNF-α.

The DNA fingerprinting techniques based BOX fragment are smple, quick and repeatable,easy to obtain abundant amplified bands and so on. This paper reviewed the characteristics and the general procedure of BOX-PCR fingerprinting techniques. Its applications and prospects on diversity research of bacteria are discussed as well.

A gram negative Bacillus pumilus were isolated from a orchiditis goat, it was red in differential staining Coates Pavlovsky, and grew slowly in sheep’s blood agar and chocolate agar. Its 16S rDNA sequence amplification by PCR was 100% identities with Brucella melitensis in GenBank by BLAST, and was strong positive in the agglutination test between the isolated bacterium with the reference Brucella’s antiserum. The two test results shows the isolated bacterium were Brucella melitensis.

The isolation and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood was studied by several methods,including bacterial morphological observation,halophilic test,cytochrome oxidase test,indole test,lysine decarboxylase test,arginine digydrolase hydrolysis,Voge-Proskauer test and sucrose fermentation.Result showed that bacterium from seafood was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Pigeon circovrius, founded in the early 1920s, is a new contagious virus which mainly affecting young pigeon; it can arouse immunologic suppression, causing pigeon fall ill or death, bring great loss to the pigeon feeding consequently. It is very important to find out the virus characteristic, genome structure, disease mechanism and diagnosis method. This paper points out several reviewed aspects of pigeon circovirus, in order to realize the virus and reduce the harm of pigeon industry.