The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external pudendal artery infusion of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on clinic symptoms and white blood cells count. Six Chinese Holstein cows were infused with LPS or saline in a crossover design,each period lasted 1 week,three of these cows were infused with LPS(Escherichia coli 0111: B4,0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight) in the external pudendal artery,and the other 3 cows were infused with saline in the external pudendal artery.The results showed that respiratory rate was significantly affected by LPS infusion(P＜0.01),it reached the highest level after 3 h of LPS infusion. Rectal temperature was not affected by LPS infusion, pulse rate was significantly affected by LPS infusion(P＜0.01),it reached the highest level after 6 h of LPS infusion. The white blood cells count was significantly affected by LPS infusion(P＜0.01). So,infusion of LPS affect the clinic symptoms and white blood cells count, and it has no influence on WBC’s differential count.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different amounts of dietary lysine on production performance,serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) concentration and IGF-Ⅰ mRNA expression of growing rabbits. One hundred of 70 days New Zealand rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly divided into five groups. Five diets containing 0.55%,0.65%,0.75%,0.85% and 0.95% lysine respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The results suggested there was no significant difference in daily weight gain,feed/gain ratio(P＞0.05) with the increasing dietary lysine, however serum GH, IGF-Ⅰ and insulin(Ins) content increased significantly (P＜0.05) and reached the largest value under the lysine adding content of 0.85%,0.75% or 0.95% respectively. The IGF-Ⅰ relative expression level in the liver and muscle was up-regulated accompanying with the dietary lysine level increased. The present study suggested that the dietary lysine levels have significant effect in the IGF-Ⅰ expression and serum content.

The aims to study the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on performances of weanling piglets, and gastrointestinal tract health. In this experiment 160 pigs were randomly divided into 4 treatments, with each treatment represented by 5 replicates of 8 pigs. The pigs in group Ⅰfed basal diets, did not give GOD and biomycin group, Ⅱfed basal diets with the addition of 100 mg/kg biomycin, Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups received basal diets with the addition of 0.1%, 0.2% GOD, respectively. The experimental period was lasted for 4 weeks. The pigs in group Ⅳ obtained a higher yield of average day gain than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05). The F∶G was tendency decreased (0.05<P<0.15) in group Ⅳ when compared with groupⅠ. Piglets supplied with GOD increased height of duodenum villus and ratio of VH/CD (P<0.05), but decreased pH of stomach and duodenum (P<0.05) when compared with not supplied GOD and biomycin piglets. Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of dietary were higher in piglets added with GOD when compared with not supplied with GOD groups. The results showed that GOD increased piglets ADG and CRF, and then help the weanling pigs increase their production, through improved piglets gastrointestinal structure and environment.

Zinc methionine (Zn-Met) with levels of 0 (group Ⅰ), 15 (group Ⅱ), 30 (group Ⅲ), 45 (group Ⅳ), 60 (group Ⅴ), 75 mg/kg (group Ⅵ) and zinc sulfate with the level of 60 mg/kg (group Ⅶ) respectively, were used to evaluate the effects of different zinc levels in male mink in the growing period. The results showed that dry matter digestibility, protein digestibility, fat digestibility in group Ⅳ were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05); minks in different groups had no significant difference in feed intake, dry matter intake, nitrogen intake, urine nitrogen, nitrogen retention, net protein utilization, net protein utilization and biological value of protein (P>0.05).

The characters of soybean meal,rapeseed meal and cotton seed meal as protein feed were summarized, and the advantages of these fermented production for improving nutrient value, enhancing digestive rate, promoting animal production and saving the feed costing were referred. These fermented soybean meal,rapeseed meal and cotton seed meal as protein feed should relieve the pressure of the lack of protein feed resource. The potential question in application and the bright future were also referred in this paper.

Potassium diformate is a new pattern of feeds additive which has been research priority home and abroad in recent years.The physics-chemistry properties,mechanisms of potassium diformate and its application and problems in pig breeding were introduced.In order to provide theory basis for further more research of potassium diformate.

The effects of rumen fermentation by adding inorganic phosphorus in vitro were studied,Concentration of inorganic phosphorus were 0,30,60,90,120,150,200,250,300 and 350 mg/L. The pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) of 48 h fermentation in vitro were measured. The results as follows: Acetate,propionate,butyrate acid and total VFA production were significantly effected by the concentration of inorganic phosphorus(P＜0.05). Acetate,propionate,butyrate acid and total VFA production were the highest when the concentration of inorganic phosphorus was 200 mg/L. pH was significantly influenced by different inorganic phosphorus levels(P＜0.05). pH decreased when inorganic P levels increased(P＜0.05)and reached its minimum when inorganic phosphorus was 200 mg/L.In this experiment the optimum adding levels of inorganic phosphorus was 200 mg/L.

To study wool qualities among strains of Chinese Merino(Xinjiang Junken type).The physical and chemical properties of wool were assayed,the correlations between these properties and the main economic traits were analyzed in super fine wool strain,A strain,B strain,wool prolific strain,mutton prolific strain. The results showed that the average wool cluster length of A strain was the most length,the average fiber diameter of super fine wool strain was significantly lower than the other strains(P＜0.05),but the average wool curvature was significantly increased than the other strains (P＜0.05).The average wool yield of B strain was most,and the average wool yield of mutton prolific strain was significantly lower than the other strains(P＜0.05). The average clean wool glossiness of wool prolific strain was most,but the average clean wool glossiness among strains was no significantly more(P＞0.05).There was significant negative correlation between fiber diameter and curvature(P＜0.01),it was significant positive correlation between fiber diameter and wool yield(P＜0.05),it was significant negative correlation between curvature and wool yield(P＜0.05),it was significant negative correlation between curvature and wool cluster length(P＜0.01),it was significant positive correlation between wool yield and wool cluster length(P＜0.01),it was significant positive correlation between wool cluster length and clean wool glossiness(P＜0.05).The quality of wool of super fine wool strain was best comparing to other strains. It showed that wool characteristics of strains are same as breeding aims.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate in vitro cytotoxicity of Zearalenone(ZEN) on thymic epithelial cells in mice. MTT assay, mitochondria activity analysis, mitochondria membrane potential and flow cytometry were used to study the effects of ZEN on thymic epithelial cells in vitro in Kunming mice aged 1 month. The results of this study showed that:higher doses(10 to 25 μg/mL) ZEN could enhance significantly mitochondria metabolism competent to MTT of thymic epithelial cells, could enhance mitochondria activity, could advance mitochondria membrane potential.

To determine the effects of Chinese traditional medicine Semen vaccariae on the proliferation and lactation fuction of bovine mammary gland epithelial cell,the water decoction was obtained from Semen vaccariae.The content of Semen vaccariae active material,dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was detected,and different concentration gradients of the drug extraction were observed for their influence on cell lactation. The most effective drug concentration was screened out for lactogenesis.The results showed that 2 mg/mL(crude drug concentration) proup was the most effective concentration for lactogenesis of bovine mammary gland epithelial cell. The results suggest that Semen vaccariae can act directly on bovine mammary gland epithelial cell for lactogenesis.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. CpG ODN directly stimulate a variety of immunological effects. CpG ODN is used as vaccine adjuvants, where they increase the vaccine-specific immune responses and the mucosal immune responses. Ongoing clinical studies indicate that CpG ODN are safe and well-tolerated when administered as adjuvants to animals.

Through the primary culture of the carp fins cells,infered the optimum culture conditions. The major experiment method is tissue explant technique. A small piece of fins were cultivated in different conditions(media, temperature, pH, CO₂), the growth status were observed. The cells migrated out around tissues after 48 hours and the growth halo emerged. Under this condition, monolayers of primarily cultured renal cells were routinely obtained within a week,most of the cultured cells were epithelioid macrophages and little into fiber appearance cells. The optimized conditions for carp fin cells were: medium M199, 25 to 27 ℃, pH 7.2 to 7.6, the concentration of CO₂ was 5%, the concentration of serum for primary culture was 15% to 20%, the purification fin cells could be getten after 12 days.

Developed a method of Sodium periodate to synthesis artificial antigen SMZ-BSA and SNZ-OVA. The products were successful though UV scanning and SDS-PAGE. Choosing SMZ-OVA as coating antigen to construct indirect competition ELISA. Sulfamethazine was spiked to egg and chicken and was detected by the ELISA and HPLC. The results showed that its detection limit was 0.18 ng/mL with an assay range from 0.1 to 50 ng/mL. The LOD was 2.0 and 5.0 ng/g when sulfamethazine was spiked into egg and chicken. Compared to HPLC,the research had a high consistency with it,and could use to screen of a large number of samples for sulfamethazine residue in egg and chicken.

To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid of glycoprotein ectodomain of rabies virus, the antigen cDNA fragment (1375 bp) of glycoprotein ectodomain of rabies virus was obtained by RT-PCR method, then it was cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. Subcloned the foreign gene into the multi clone sites of pVAX1 plasmid, and identify the positive recombinat plasmid by restriction enzymes, generating pVAX-rgp. Transfected the DK cells with pVAX-rgp through Lipfectamine, identified the glycoprotein expression by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescene assay. The results showed that the glycoprotein ectodomain could be expressed in eukaryotic cells in expressing vector. The eukaryotic expression vector for glycoprotein ectodomain gene of rabies virus was successfully constructed, which laid a foundation of study on functional genome and development on nucleic acid vaccine.

The objective of this study was to construct a follicle-specific vector expression of keratin type Ⅱ intermediate filament 9(KIFⅡ-9),then transfer it into Liaoning Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts cells to obtain a transgenic cell by selection,which could be used for nuclear transfer. KIFⅡ-9 cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from Xinji Fine Wool sheep. Then pcDNA3.1-KK,a follicle-specific expression vector of KIFⅡ-9,was constructed by connecting with KAP6-1 gene promoter sequence amplified by PCR from Xinji Fine Wool sheep and,KIFⅡ-9 cDNA. The Liaoning Cashmere goat fetal fibroblast cells were transfected with the expression vector by lipofectamine,and the transgenic cell clones were obtained after selecting by G418. These results have paved the way to obtain the new transgenic cashmere goat strain by nuclear transfer in the future.

Hainan Yellow cattle peripheral blood leukocyte cDNA library was used to screen Cdc42 cDNA and pET28a-Cdc42 recombinant plasmid was constructed. Protein expression was induced by IPTG, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the Cdc42 was composed of 576 bp, encoding 191 amino acids; the protein about 30 ku as expected was expressed after induction with IPTG; after purification,the corresponding protein strip was detected by Western blotting. The data indicated that prokaryotic expression vector of Cdc42 was constructed and expressed successfully.

The experiment by the way of constant-release melatonin two years and abstract skin total RNA Real-time PCR to Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats, for depth study melatonin effects on SOX21 gene. Used GAPDH gene as housekeeping gene to correct the quantitative data relative which obtain by Real-time PCR,the data by 2-△△Ct analysis found that: ① SOX21 gene in different individuals expressions in the trend was relative stability and variability impact of hormones. ② There were significant effect in addition to March,April,May in the SOX21 gene expression was no trend significant change,the other months had changed significantly. ③ While constant-release melatonin on the SOX21 gene expression,reducing the goat of the stress response to melatonin. ④The SOX21 gene express was down regulation in the hair follicle telogen.

The total RNA was extracted from the oviduct,endometrium and corpus luteum of the female sheep during gestational period,according to published complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence of the fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 Flt-1 gene,we designed and synthesized the primers. The transcription-polymerase chain ruction was used to examined the expression of (Flt-1),the products of the transcription-polymerase chain ruction were ligated with vector T and the sequencing were analysed,a β-Actin gene was amplified as the reference gene. The gene was used for interion contrast and the amplification of Flt-1 were examined with the agarose gel electrophoresis,using Kodak Science 1 D,Bandscan image analysis software,we received the expressive amount of Flt-1 gene in the different gential tract tissue. The results indicated that the 82 bp fragment of Flt-1 gene were received in the different gential tract tissue of the female sheep during gestion.The expressive amount of Flt-1 gene in the different gential tract tissue of the female sheep was different. It was said that Flt-1 gene play important role in the female sheep during gestion.

A novel isothermal amplification method,termed loop- mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP),which need no special precision instruments at work and have the advantage of low cost,simplicity of operation, rapidity, high specificity,efficiency, may be especially suitable for on-site fast detection and grassroots popularization applications. The principle,reaction and operation process of LAMP and its application in viruses detection of graveness animal disease were reviewed.

The coding region of Omp22 gene from Brucella abortus was amplified by PCR and then fused with pSOS vector. After confirmation with sequence analysis, the plasmid was transformed into the yeast cell cdc25H, the toxicity and transcriptional auto activation of expressed protein were tested. The results indicated that the coding region was successfully amplified and subcloned into pSOS vector, and the cdc25H transformed with bait plasmid grew well on SD/glucose (-L) plate. These data showed that the bait vectors pSOS-Omp22 was expressed correctly without toxicity and could not auto activate. The pSOS-Omp22 could be applied for the screening of proteins interacting with the Omp22 in macrophages cDNA library in the yeast two hybrid systems.

IBRS-2 cells appeared differentiation and were effective on using. In order not to affect the normal scientific studies, the study referred to repurify the IBRS-2 cells by single cell cloning method. For 3 weeks culture in 96 wells plate independently, the 4 representative cells were chosen to passage by single cell cloning. The 4 cloning cells strains were vaccinated respectively and tested the TCID₅₀ with low virulence FMDV, that its virus titer was known. The result is that, the pathological change of the B1 cells strain was the best, its TCID₅₀ was 7.60. It was more close to the factual virus titers 7.85 than the same before purifying 4.52. The TCID₅₀ of the known FMDV from the B1 cells strain and the factual TCID₅₀ of the known FMDV, they have no salient difference.

To study on preparation of rabbit anti-goose IgG-HRP, the experimentation isolated IgG from the goose egg yolk, and the method was employed to dilute with water-n-octylic acid-ammonia sulfate initial extraction, out salt dialysis and DEAEA-50 chromatography. Protein nucleic acid detector and SDS-PAGE indicated the IgG concentration; the purified IgG was labeled with HRP; effect of GPV VP3 gene vaccine was detected with the labeled antibody. The results indicated that the initial extraction was 10 mg/mL and the purity was 94.5%; the antiserum characterized by immunodiffusion showed that the titer of the antiserum was 1∶32 and specificity of the antiserum was high. The titer of labeled antibody was 1∶3000; the labeled antibody was a good tool to detect the effect of GPV VP3 gene vaccine.

According to the complete genome sequences of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in GenBank, two pairs of primers were designed and synthesized. A double RT-PCR was developed based on these two pairs of primers which amplified the CSFV virus-specific segment with 938 bp and the BVDV virus-specific segment with 650 bp in sizes after the conditions of PCR were optimized. Approved this method of 11 batches of bovine testicular cells,7 batches of fetal bovine serum,60 batches of swine fever vaccine,10 full-blood and 10 tissue samples for testing. The experiment showed that the developed method has good specificity and sensitivity of cell vaccine to prevent the pollution of BVDV and the diagnosis of CSFV and BVDV provides an effective method.

Somatic cell cloning is an advanced biological technique. It would not only provide new opportunities for the development of other related sciences,but also bring about some great innovation in animal breeding industry,endangered breed preservation,animal transgensis and human therapeutic cloning. Its applications are briefly summarized in the review.

Polymorphism of the serum proteins for the pony in Guizhou province was carried out by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE). Based on the band types of three proteins on native-PAGE,the protein variant types and its gene allele frequency were compared among albumin (Alb),α^1-B glycoprotein (AlB) and transferring (TF) proteins. Both of the Alb and TF loci,except for AlB,showed polymorphisms. Six protein variants were found from the Alb protein of Guizhou pony and Southwest horse,which corresponded to three alleles of A,B and C. Gene frequencies of Alb loci in Guizhou pony were A (0.2097),B (0.5645) and C (0.2258),respectively. Seven variant types were found in the TF protein from Guizhou pony,which was controlled by five gene alleles (A,B,C,D and E). Gene frequencies of TF in Guizhou pony were A (0.0484),B (0.5806),C (0.1129),D (0.1452) and E (0.1129),respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) and heterozygosis (H) were higher at Alb and TF loci compared with other Chinese ponies and horses. Furthermore,the power of discrimination (DP) and probability of exclusion (PE) in Guizhou pony were higher than others. It suggested that the genetic diversity of Guizhou pony was higher and both of Alb and TF protein polymorphism might be used to identify parentage and individuals of Guizhou pony from each other, and lower heterozygosis of Guizhou pony implied a higher gene purity of Guizhou pony.

In this paper,we breed hybridizing queen of the Jiangshan honey bee No.2 and French Apis mellifera ligustica through the technology of artificially feeding royal jelly of Apis cerana cerana, and then the genetic polymorphisms of microsatellite of the workers were measured. The workers were from the Jiangshan honey bee No.2 colonies, French Apis mellifera ligustica colonies, local Apis cerana cerana colonies, the 1 hybridizing offspring as well as the 4 consecutive hybridizing offspring of nutritional crossbreeding French Apis.merllifera.L queen and the Jiangshan honey bee No.2 drone colonies. The results showed that the genetic distance of parents and hybridizing offspring was varied, and the unique DNA bands of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica were shifted.

In order to promote the application and extension of artificial insemination technique in ostrich industry, secretion law of hormone was researched, which could be helpful to determine the most correct time of semen collection and insemination. In experiment, we used radioimmunoassay (RIA) to determine the concentration of follotropin (FSH), estrogen (E2) and testosterone (T) in sample. The results showed: ① During a year, the concentration of FSH in female ostrich plasma presented undulate changed. Concentration of FSH began to increase from November, and appeared three obvious wave crest of secretion at December, February and July, respectively 114.354, 130.168 and 144.375 mIU/mL. In middle of June, the level of FSH reached the lowest of the year, 22.312 mIU/mL;② The level of E2 ascended slowly from January to May, and drop to the lowest of the year in July suddenly(18.874 pg/mL), reached to the highest level of the year in September (367.285 pg/mL). ③ The concentration of T in male ostrich plasma ascended from January to June, reached a relatively high level in June (121.473 ng/dL) and reached the lowest level of the year in August (77.166 pg/dL),reached the highest level of the year in the middle of October (138.562 ng/dL). The concentration of FSH, E2 and T in plasma of ostrich presented undulate change during a year, which trended to be uniform with oestrus behavior.

In recent years,the application of antioxidant during the cryopreservation of boar semen in order to improve quality of post-thaw semen attracted considerable research efforts. The data revealed that the effect of supplemented glutathione,superoxide and catalase,alpha-tocopherol,L-cysteine and L-glutamine,Chinese herbal medicine in extender could effectively prevented damage,improved kinematics parameters,protected sperm acrosome integrity and plasma membrane integrity,and increasing the sperm fertilizability after freezed-thawed.This review will contribute to make a better understanding of these antioxidants on the mechanisms of resistance to sperm cryodamage,develop an objective evaluation of effectiveness and estimate the applied prospect during the cryopreservation of boar semen.

Fatty acid synthase (FAS),which is a kind of multi-functional compound enzyme,is the key enzyme in the process of synthesis of fatty acids. Therefore,the content and activity of fatty acid synthase enzyme has the vital significance on the fat acids synthesis and body fat deposition in human and animals. In recently,many researchers have focused on the effects of FAS on the fat deposition and metabolism. This review summarizes the genetic structure characteristics of FAS,FAS regulating energy metabolism and body fat deposition and the effects of diet and hormones on the expression of FAS gene.

The objective of present study was to reveal the biochemical characteristics of milk from Tibetan Yellow cattle at highlant,milk protein composition and casein polymorphisms. Tibetan Yellow cattle contains low protein content in minds. A total of 43 Tibetan Yellow cattle at Jiulong county of Sichuan province were used to assay milk protein contelk (only about 29 g/L);skim milk protein composition was similar to that of cow as revealed by electrophoresis. Main milk protein components include casein,α-lactalbumin,and β-lactoglobulin. The ratio of milk β-Lg to α-La content was lower that that of yak. The relative percentage of casein was approximately 70%,including α_s-casein and β-casein. Three and two genotypes of αs-casein and β-casein were detected,respectively. Our results indicated that there was difference in milk composition between Jiulong Titetan Yellow cattle and Jiulong yaks that live in similar ecological environment.

PCR and direct sequencing methods were used to analyze the entire mtDNA D-loop in Baiyi Black chicken and Xingyi Bantam. The D-loop of Baiyi Black chicken and Xingyi Bantam was 1231 bp,there were 26 variational sites, including 12 transitions and 14 transversions. The nucleotide composition of Baiyi Black chicken was A 27.096%, T 33.628%, G 13.117%, C 26.159%, and A 26.916%, T 33.409%, G 13.387%, C 26.288% of Xingyi Bantam. The genetic distance between two partridges was 0.0379. According to the calibrated rates of molecular evolution, they speciated about 1.9 million years ago.

With the development of intensive cultivation on cattle, the high-concentrated feed has been used more and more widely. It has improved the bovine performance trait and caused some nutrition metabolic diseases, especially ruminal acidosis’s occurrence, which has resulted in enormously economic losses. The pathogenesis and prevention of ruminal acidosis are discussed systematically in this article in order to provide theoretical instruction for preventing the occurrence of this disease.

Applying reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP), according to the N protein conserved sequence of PRRSV ORF5 genes from six regions, two sets of primers were designed. By optimizing reaction system and conditions, the RT-LAMP method for detecting PRRSV was developed after sensitivity and specificity tests. The research results indicate that PRRSV nucleic acids amplification can be completed within 1 h in the isothermy condition of 63 ℃ only using a common constant temperature water-bath, test results can be judged with naked eyes after adding nucleic acids dye SYBR GreenⅠ. It provided a kind of cheap, simple, speedy, high sensitivity and specificity PRRSV detecting method for work field and grass-roots units.

Based on the molecular tools to identify with rapidity,sensitivity,and specificity the major pathogens involved in intramammary infections in cows,a PCR-based assays of the highly divergent and species-specific regions of the DNA coding for 23S rRNA was employed. In this study,a novel virulent bacteriophage had been isolated from the waste water sample in a local dairy farm after three times enrichment in LB liquid medium co-cultured with S. aureus isolates. TEM observation of the isolated phage had an icosahedral capsid of 62.5 nm in diameter and a long (187.5 nm) with contractible tail,there was a connector linked the head and tail. As a tailed virus of bacteria,phage classified into the families of tailed viruses infected bacteria. The plaques of the phage were formed transparent uniformed,clear,round zones and their sizes were 2 mm in diameter. The titer of phage against S.aureus isolates was more than 10⁹ PFU/mL. Storage conditions of the phage were studied. The phage should store at -80 ℃ supplemented with 7% DMSO.

To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Huajiao-6 decoction, used the xylene-induced inflammation,paw swelling,acetic acid to make the permeabitity of blood capillaries and cotton pellet-induced granuloma method in mice.Determined the ear swelling,paw edema caused by egg white and formaldehyde and cotton pellet induced granuloma after administration.The adjuvant arthritis(AA) rat model was made, then,the activity of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of AA rat were determined by the method of ELISA. Huajiao-6 decoction significantly inhibited the acute inflammation in mice induced by xylene as well as the acetic acid to make the permeabitity of blood capillaries,subacute inflammation model caused by egg white and formaldehyde and the chronic inflammation model aroused by intradermal implantation cotton pellet. Huajiao-6 had significant inhibition on inflammation, the content of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of AA rat were significantly reduced by Huajiao-6 decoction. The results showed that Huajiao-6 decoction had the inhibitory effect on the activity of inflammatory mediums and responds, it could be used to treat RA.

This experiment was conducted to assess the rehabilitation of immune organ of affected chicken for infectious bursal disease (IBD) was repaired by herbal-medicine pellets. The recovered chickens infected by IBD of control group not using drug and treatment group using the granular formulation of herbal-medicine pellets were killed, and their immune organs were performed to evaluate the histopathology change under the microscope. Ten twenty-five-day chickens were selected at random from control group not using drug and treatment group using the granular formulation of herbal-medicine pellets respectively. After ten days, all selected chickens from treatment group were recovered, whereas three of ten chickens from treatment group were died. Bursa of Fabricius, spleen and liver of each chicken were collected, observed. The tissues of these organs were fixed using 10% Formalin solution, embedded by paraffin. Embedded tissues were sliced up, stained and then observed. The histopathology photographs were conducted to assess the pathology change of immune organ from recovered chickens infected by IBD of control group not using drug and treatment group using the granular formulation of herbal-medicine pellets. Histopathology change was low grade in control group, where as no histopathology change was observed in treatment group. Immunoenhancement was showed in treatment group. Impairment of immune organ of affected chicken for IBD can be repaired markedly using the granular formulation of herbal-medicine pellets.

The study aimed to searching for an efficacious medicine curing sturgeon disease. Water extracts from Chinese herbs were screened against Aeromonas veronii by tube dilution method,the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) were determined.Best combination was determined by orthogonal experiment. 33 kinds of Chinese herb water extracts had different bacteriostatic activity against Aeromonas veronii. Among these herbs,Rhus chinensis Mill. had the lowest MIC against Aeromonas veronii (0.97 μg/mL),which was better than Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,both with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL. However,Portulaca oleracea L. and Sophora flavescens Ait had the highest MIC against Aeromonas veronii (250 μg/mL). The best combination against Aeromonas veronii contained Rhus chinensis Mill.,Sanguisorba officinalis L.,Euphorbia humifusa Willd. and Forsythia suspensa (Thunb) Vahl,the ratio was 1∶2∶4∶8. The combination had a good bacteriostatic effect. The results would provide evidences for further caring diseases of aquiculture by Chinese herbs.

A reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)was established using a pair of specific primers of BVDV. This method could specifically amplify a 471 bp fragment from BVDV Oregon C24V strain,but not from classical swine fever virus (CSFV),infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV),bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV),parainfluenza virus-3 (PI3) and normal MDBK cells. The organs were detected by RT-PCR and virus isolated that collected from a sick calf with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) like syndrome.These results indicated that the established RT-PCR assay was specific,sensitive,efficient and rapid for detection,monitoring and epidemiological investigation of BVDV infection.

These McAbs would be useful tools for diagnostic of the PCV2 virus. BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant capsid(pET-Cap) protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) prepared from Escherichia expression system. Two monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) designated 3D5 and 5C5 were obtained. The titers of two strain McAb in cell supernatant was 1∶2048,1∶1024 and that of ascites was 1∶204800,1∶102400 respectively by indirect ELISA,the average number of chromosome were 95,96 respectively,two McAbs were confirmed to have the ability to PCV2 by Western blotting.Strain 3D5,5C5 hybridoma cell could also stably secret McAb after twenty serial passages and freezing and reviving three times.

Gosling plague,one of important infectious diseases,is an acute,subacute,spirited contagion caused by goose parvovirus,which cause serious economic loss in goose keeping. In recent years,the research about goose parvovirus have made new development and new viewpoint. Molecular biology of GPV,detecting methods,pathogenesis and positioning of antigen epitope were expounded in this paper.

To observe the therapeutical effect of Saruma henryi Oliv., we cure young puppies which experimentally inoculated virus by CPV-BM. Dogs were infected through oral application of CPV-BM, and therapeuty illness with Saruma henryi Oliv. after making a definite diagnosis. At early stage, apply Saruma henryi Oliv. powder 200 mg/kg per day cured illness puppies within 1-3 day, and add 0.9% sodium chloride in moderate symptoms group, 5% glucose and gentamicin in severe condition. Then improve the state within 1-3 day, and the treatment rate and disease recovery are better than contrast group. Saruma henryi Oliv. have the drug activity of treatment against CPV, and could distinguishingly increase curative effect of other drugs.

Coccidia oocysts existed in the small intestine in a clinical died chicken were collected using saturation saline floatation method. After sporulation of oocysts, single oocyst was separated by 2% agarose. Seven 5-day-old chickens were inoculated with the single oocyst. After two times of passage, Eimeria maxima oocysts identified by morphology were again infected to ten 10-day-old chickens, with 1.0×10⁴ oocysts per bird. Thus, numbers of pure oocysts were obtained. The present result suggested that the single oocyst separating technique that used a blade cutting agar plate was a simple and convenient method, which had a higher success rate of single oocyst infection. Therefore, it is useful to amplify the pure oocysts.

April 2010,there was avian disease occurred to local chicken breeding farm in Anhui province,characterized by severe breathing difficulties and death suddenly,in this research,kidney and lung samples of chicken were made to suspensions which inoculated into the allantoic cavity of SPF embryo,then the research group obtained a purified virus by the method of limiting dilution method. The research result of HA/HI,molecular biology and animal regression testing suggests that the disease was H9 subtype of avian influenza.

Swine polyserositis, polyarthritis caused by Haemophilus parasuis has occurred in most parts of our country in recent years. It has caused serious harm to piglets and young pigs and brought huge economic losses to the pig industry. The disease has become one of the most important bacterial diseases of pigs worldwide at present. Serotypes of Haemophilus parasuis were complex, Haemophilus parasuis was hard to isolate. In order to know it wholly, this paper summarized the etiology, pathological changes, epidemiology, pathogenic factor, diagnostic method and immune prevention of Haemophilus parasuis.

Sheep pox virus is a highly infectious diseases ,which is harmful to the healthy development of sheep industry,so scholars from various countries researched on the diagnosis and prevention of it. This article from the sheep pox virus disease etiology features, epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and treatment were reviewed.

56 strains of swine pathogenic E.coli were isolated from 23 small and medium-scale pig farms in Guangxi, and its serotype identification and detection of drug resistance showed that the 56 strains belonged to 16 serotypes, out of which O serotype viz, O₁₃₈,O₁₈,O₈₅,O₉,O₂₁ were predominant, occupying 69.76%. The detection of drug resistance of 20 frequently used antibiotics indicated that most E.coli trains were highly sensitive to Cephradine, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin, Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Spectinomycin, and Amikacin, but insensitive to Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Lincomycin, which points to the fact that drug resistance of E.coli in these pig farms has been very grave, and that measures such as biotic safety should be strengthened to undertake comprehensive prevention.

To explore the effects of swine plague antibody which was induced by swine plague vaccine in astragalan adjuvant on piglets. 40 piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), those groups were respectively normal sodium (NS) group, swine plague vaccine (SPV) group, astragalan injection (AGI) group and astragalan injection-swine plague vaccine (AGI-SPV) group. They were respectively injected drugs into musculi colli on the 20^th day and 85^th of piglets were born after were taken suction blood (5 mL) for detection from precaval vein, such as the NS 3 mL was injected for 3 d, SPV 1 mL for 1 d and NS 3 mL for 2 d, AGI 10 mg/kg for 3 d, AGI 10 mg/kg for 3 d with the SPV 1 mL for 1 d,and then they were accordingly taken suction blood on the 35^th and 100^th day for detecting the IgG, IgM, IgA, γ-Globulin (γ-G) and swine plague antibody(SP-Ab) and so on. Those γ-G, IgG, IgM and IgA of the AGI group and AGI-SPV group are significantly higher than the NS group and the SPV group (P＜0.05); the blocking rate of swine plague antibody of SPV group and the AGI-SPV group are significantly higher than themselves on the 35^th and 20^th day, as well the AGI-SPV group is higher than the SPV group, too. The AGI can be used for immunologic adjuvant for improving immunity of piglets on swine plague vaccine, the mechanism of action might be concerned with raising the immunoglobulin and facilitating the swine plague antibody-formaing.

Researching the antigenic epitope of influenza virus,not only for influenza virus pathogenesis and exploration of the body’s immune system response,but also it’s a very good guide for influenza prevention. This review summarizes antigenic epitope characteristics,characteristics and research progress of influenza virus antigenic epitope,influenza virus antigenic epitope vaccine applications.

In order to explore the surgical methods of kidney stones in dogs, two local hybrid dogs with age of 3 to 5 months, weighing 6 to 10 kg were chosen. Before and after the left kidneys were operated with the sickle-shaped incision, the serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) of both dogs were measured at once preoperatively and on postoperative 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days, and their general status, voiding performance, urine characteristics, and kidneys changes were observated. The results show that the renal function of experimental dogs can reduce significantly in 1 to 2 weeks and recover to normality in 3 to 4 weeks. Compared with right healthy kidneys, the left kidneys show different degrees of atrophy.

Inhibin belongs to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily.Inhibin, produced by granulosa cells and sertoli cells, is a heterodimeric gonadal glycopeptides consisting of a common α-subunit covalently bonded to a unique β-subunit that can be either βA (inhibin A) or βB (inhibin B). Both inhibin A and inhibin B function in an endocrine manner to suppress FSH secretion from gonadotropes in the pituitary.This review focus on the distribution and structure, expression and function of inhibin in male and female, mechanism of action and the procgress of its application in animal reproduction.

Aloe polysaccharide (AP) is isolated from aloe which is liliaceous and herbaceous perennial.It is a new type of additives,with the function of immune adjustment,antitumor,liver and stomach protected. This paper reviews aloe polysaccharide as new feed additives in animal production. The biological function and effect of aloe polysaccharide are discussed in this paper.It will provide the comprehensive theoretical basis for its extensive use in animal production.

Fermentation bed is a healthy breeding way that based on livestock waste discharge and environmental pollution control.It provides place for the pig frolic and turn, accord with animal welfare and low carbon emissions, realize the requirement of 'zero’ emission pollution, improve the welfare of pigs and production performance;reduce the breeding cost, gastrointestinal diseases and antibiotics medication use.Four aspects are reviewed in the improved of fermentation bed and principle, application and problems of raising .

The prion protein PrP has a key role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies but its biological function remains largely unknown. Shadoo is a new protein which encoded by the SPRN gene, exhibiting domain organization similar to the N-terminus of PrP. The key factor to study the prion protein is Shadoo because of it’s biological properties and brain distribution partially overlap that of PrP. In this review, we described the relationship between Shadoo protein and PrP proteins in gene structure, protein function and prion infections.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the sensitivities of five ELISA kits for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in experimentally infected pigs. The PCR-positive serum samples from experimentally infected pigs were examined by the five ELISA kits. The results of different ELISA kits were compared among them and with that of PCR amplification to evaluate and compare their sensitivities. One ELISA kit (ELISA-A) made in China showed 100% detection of T. gondii antibody in experimentally infected pigs, showing 100% sensitivity. Whereas, the other ELISA kits displayed different low sensitivities. These results indicated that the ELISA-A kit is the most sensitive for detection of T. gondii infection in pigs.

The specialized dam line with high farrowing rate of Shanxi White pig (SXWSDL) is a synthetic line produced by crossing Mashen pig, Taihu pig (female parents) with Landrace (male parent) and selecting by means of combining the marker assisted selection with systematic breeding from generation to generation for seven years. The finishing performance and carcass quality of Shanxi White pig were investigated in this study. The results showed that the age of pigs from sixth generation of Shanxi White pig reaching 100 kg body weight was 186.48 days on average. The average daily gain during the period of 30 to 100 kg was 708.35 g, and the feed conversion rate was 3.14. The pigs were slaughtered while its body weight was 100 kg. The slaughter rate, the carcass lean meat percentage, and the area of eye muscle were 77.00%, 57.93%, and 32.20 cm², respectively. Shanxi White pig is a good dam line with fast growth rate and good carcass quality.

Two strains were selected from the advantage serotype strains, and the basic seeds were prepared, the cultural characteristics, immunogenicity and toxicity of the 1st, the 10th and the 13th of subcultured bacteria were determined. The results showed that the cultural characteristics, immunogenicity and toxicity of the 13th basic seed passage of E.coli. GX-5 strain and GX-21 strain didn’t change, indicating that these two isolates is a good strain for vaccine production, these studies established a basis for seed lot. And then the high-density fermentation test of the duck E.coli was conducted, the best fermentation conditions of the duck E.coli in Martin Agar Medium were the fermentation temperature 37.5 ℃, pH 7.4, initial glucose concentration 10 g/L, added sugar 10 g/L, inoculum 4%, ventilation 1 L/L·min, agitation speed 200 r/min, and after 12 h culture, the concentrations of fermentation bacteria reached the highest, D_{600 nm} value was 30.32. The study lays the foundation for the large-scale production of E.coli antigens and provids basic materials for the development of new vaccines.

To compare the differences of intramuscular fat and inosine monophosphate between different strains,9 strains of chickens were adopted. Intramuscular fat was extracted and tested by Soxhlet extraction,inosine monophosphate contents were tested using HPLC. Significance tests suggested that,intramuscular fat content differed significantly between different strains (P＜0.05),except for strains S07,D99,and S06×S07,the contents of intramuscular fat of female was much higher than that of males; IMP contents differed significantly between different strains (P＜0.05),and the inosine monophosphate contents of female was much higher than that of males in stains S07,D99,S06×S01and S06×S07. The current study was very important for further work in poultry breeding,especially in meat quality selection.

This article reported that a sort of ammonia-ammonium chloride solution was used to leach the inferior zinc oxide, to prepare a kind of feed additive-ZnCl₂·4Zn(OH)₂·H₂O (TBZC). The percentage of the leaching was more than 90% under the leaching conditions: the molar ratio of NH₃/NH₄⁺ and TN/Zn were 1∶1 and 10∶1, respectively; and 40 ℃ lasted for 60 min. The product was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results showed that the product was pure TBZC according to the requirement of GB/T 22546-2008. The method of the preparation was novel, simple, low-cost, safe, high-efficiency and environment-friendly, realizing the waste material could be reutilized, radically. More important fact was that the method could be used to synthesize a kind of new, qualified and stable product-TBZC .

In order to evaluate the security of dichroa febrifuga extractive,the acute toxicity of dichroa febrifuga extractive was tested in mice. After preliminary experiment to determine the dosage,60 mice were selected and divided into 6 groups. After giving medicine lavage and observing for 7 days,the acute toxic reaction was recorded and the LD₅₀ value and 95％ confidence limit of LD₅₀ were determined by the modified Karber’s method. The results showed that some mice appeared toxic reaction and death. No pathological change was found in the main organs by necropsy of dead mice. The LD₅₀ was 18.16 g/kg body weight and its 95% confidence limit was 15.35 to 21.49 g/kg body weight. The results demonstrated that the dichroa febrifuga extractive has lower toxicity and safety for clinical application.

Under the natural enviroment,individuals often occur the aggressive behavior between the identical species animal, and it is significant in their lives. With the research of aggressive behavior,it indicate that aggressive behavior is a complex processes controlled many interactive factors. This includes both population density,food and other external factors,including internal factors such as genetic factors,individual differences. This article mainly makes a summary on influence factors of animal aggressive behavior.

The male inflorescences from Populus L. are the dry flowers from Populus tomentosa Carr.,Populus canadensis Moench. or other homogeneous plant. The planting area is large with a high productive of inflorescences. The inflorescences abounds in amino acid,mineral and gooey,supplementing the lack of acid and mineral in some feeds. The activity compound extracting by ethanol backflow could inhibit bacterial growths and enhance the body’s ability of antioxidant stress. It can replace some feeds,decreasing the animal morbidity and raising the economic benefit. Besides,it has a nice prevent and cure ability on animal intestines disease.

Analyzing the risk of great epidemic disease of pigs to provide functions reference for prevention and control measures. Screen and define the risk index according to the selecting principle of appraisal criteria, which through byinvestigation, data search and expert testification. Use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to define the evaluation index weight. Evaluation model was set up based on the operation principle of probability theory and the method of weighed synthesis in mathematical statistics. To set up system for evaluating the great epidemic disease risks of pigs, which including evaluation index system, appraisal standards of index quantifying, index weight, mathematical evaluation model, the classification standard for risks. The system of risk evaluation can be used actually. It can be a suitable and effective method of prevention and control measures in the practical applications.

Plant essential oils as an alternative antibiotics additive products have many advantages.But plant essential oil composition is very complicated.This article reviewed main composition and biological function of the plant essential oil.