The expression of Hoxc9 gene during hair follicle development through in situ hybridization. The results showed that mRNA of Hoxc9 gene began to express firstly in epithelial cell in 75 d. With development of hair follicle, it expressed in hair matrix, dermal papilla, inner root sheath, outer root sheath and hair shaft. Meanwhile, lots of keratinocytes proliferated during this process. This results indicated that Hoxc9 gene might play a role for proliferation of keratinocyte.

SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) gene is located on Y chromosome of mammal and plays very important role of sex determination. With cloned and sequenced SRY gene, then analyzed the sequence by bioinformatics, meanwhile, knew the codon usage bias of SRY gene coding region in Maiwa yak, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, mice, chicken and human. The results of the Maiwa yak SRY gene, contained an open reading frame(ORF) of 690 bp which it encoded 229 amino acids. The SRY nucleotide sequence of coding region was compared among Maiwa yak, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, mice, chicken and human. The identity of nucleotide sequences of the coding region of SRY gene between Maiwa yak and cattle, sheep, goat, pig, mice, chicken and human were 99.9%, 93.9%, 91.2%, 76.5%, 43.3%, 21.4%, 69.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that firstly Maiwa yak and cattle were belonged to a branch, sheep and goats were clustered into one group, and then these two categories were got together with pig, human and mice were belonged to a branch, finally clustered into a group with chicken, the results was consistent with the results of the conventional biological classification. After protein analysis resulted that gene encoded protein formula for molecular was C₁₁₅₅H₁₈₂₇N₃₅₁O₃₄₈S₁₁, molecular mass was 2655.0, theoretical PI was 9.55. the hydrophilic average -0.855. Codon preference analysis, the T3_s was 0.2905, the C3_s was 0.3240, the A3_s was 0.3728, G3_s was 0.2963, GC content of 48%, the number of synonymous codon was 61. Meanwhile,the reason that the SRY nucleotide sequences of the coding region was conservative and there was higher identity in Maiwa yak and cattle, sheep, goat, pig, human. The third nucleotide of the codon frequency of occurrence of A was greater than G. The SRY gene encoded a hydrophilic protein.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was one of the most important infectious diseases of swine in the world.However,current vaccination strategies and antiviral drugs provided only limited protection. In this study, the ability of specific short hairpin RNA targeting to ORF1a, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, ORF6, ORF7 were constructed, and it was found that ORF1a-4-shRNA, ORF3-1-shRNA, ORF6-2-shRNA could effectively down-regulate specific gene expression and inhibit viral replication in Marc-145 cells compared to the controls. In addition, in this study ORF6-2-shRNA was selected to be transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts to establish anti-PRRSV cell lines. This work might provide the foundation for further research on the production of anti-PRRSV transgenetic pig.

The complete genes encoding the structural protein of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV)(VP0,VP1 and VP3) were subcloned into expression vector SUMO,resulting in the fusion expression plasmid SUMO-VP0,SUMO-VP1 and SUMO-VP3,and then transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced by IPTG,the fusion proteins were expressed at high level.Western blotting was performed to confirm that the expressed fusion proteins could specifically react with antiserum against FMDV.The expressed fusion proteins were purified by affinity chromatography. Based on the fusion protein further purification,novel indirect ELISA (SUMO-VP0-ELISA,SUMO-VP1-ELISA,SUMO-VP3-ELISA) were developed to detect FMDV antibodies in swine by detecting 200 serum samples,indicating that the indirect SUMO-VP0-ELISA,SUMO-VP1-ELISA,SUMO-VP3-ELISA were specific and sensitive.

A highly sensitive and specific duplex Real-time TaqMan MGB-fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR (FQ-PCR) assay had been developed to identify and quantitate the highly and lowly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP/LP-PRRSV) infection using PRRSV nonstructural 2 (Nsp2) gene-derived primers and TaqMan fluorescent probe. The sensitivity, specificity and repetition assays of duplex FQ-PCR were tested, and 25 clinic suspicious PRRSV infected samples were detected by the FQ-PCR in contrast to the routine duplex RT-PCR method. The results indicated FQ-PCR assay as well as the quantitative standard curves for HP/LP-PRRSV with good linearities (0.998 and 0.997,respectively) were successfully established. The developed FQ-PCR assay was able to detect as little as 10¹ copies/μL of recombinant plasmid DNA. The specificity assay exhibited that positive signals could be obtained from the HP/LP-PRRSV positive control, but not from the genomic DNA of the other 5 kinds of pathogenic microorganism as the control. The repetition test indicated that the FQ-PCR was reproducible by repeatedly amplifying 3 times of different concentrations of HP/LP-PRRSV recombinant plasmids. 92% positive results from 25 clinic suspicious PRRSV infected samples were obtained, which showed better sensitivity than the detection results of the same 25 suspected samples by duplex RT-PCR.

The aim of this study was to screen the optimized transfection conditions for liposome mediated gene transferring into skeletal muscle cells based on the conducted specific expression vector (pIMAU-EGFP), which was applied to the human gene therapy. The vector could be inserted the ectogenous genes of goats. Green fluorescence protein was conducted as the reporter gene. The results revealed that the optimized transfection conditions for goat skeletal muscle cells were that the ratio of liposome and DNA was 1:2, for 24~36 h and the concentration of DNA was 3.5 μg/μL. Also the cell densities should be over 80%. This experiment established a method to transfect foreign genes into skeletal muscle cells in goat. Green fluorescent protein could be used as the reportor gene. It would provide new ideas and methods for rapid and large-scale screening the quality related genes in goats.

Canine parvovirus disease was a highly contagious disease and the clinical symptoms were characterized by acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. To estimate the prevalence of the disease around Guangzhou, canine parvovirus (CPV) was isolated from suspected feces from 2011 to 2012. Amplification and sequence analysis of VP2 gene showed the antigenic type of 8 CPV strains except SCAU-5 (CPV-2b) belonged to CPV-2a,which indicated that CPV-2a was the predominate type around Guangzhou area from 2011 to 2012.

According to OmpH gene of Pasteurella multocida published in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed. OmpH gene of 8 avian Pasteurella multocida strains and three capsular-type reference strains (A, B, D) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The results showed that the ORF of OmpH gene were from 1002 to 1071 bp.The predicted maturation proteins were composed of 314 to 337 amino acids except 20-amino-acid signal peptide. The molecular weights of maturation proteins were from 33.76 to 37.04 ku. The alignment data indicated that the nucleotide sequence homologies were 84.9% to 100.0%, and the deduced amino acid homologies were 81.5% to 100.0% compared with 15 reference OmpH sequence of Pasteurella multocida published in GenBank.The homomologies of OmpH sequences of six avain Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from China were 100.0%. The results revealed that the OmpH genes of avain Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from China were very conservative.

Four infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains were isolated from Hebei (HB), Hubei (HUB), Shandong (SD) and Shanxi (SX), respectively. Gene analysis showed that the seven peptide areas of HUB, SD and SX were S-A-S-S-W-G-S (aa 326S to 332S), and 222(A), 256(I), 294(I) and 299(S) determined the three strains were vvIBDV. However, the seven peptide area of HB was S-W-S-A-R-G-S (aa 326S to 332S), 222(P), 256(V), 294(L) and 299(N), which showed HB was the weak strain. Evolutionary analysis indicated that HUB, SD and SX virus strains were located on the branch of vvIBDV and were similar with the most IBDV strains, which were isolated in 2011, the homologies were all above 96%. However, HB had close genetic distance with attenuated vaccine strains D78 and B87. IBDV was popular in the mixed style currently in China, but mainly was vvIBDV.

The assay was aimed to prepare the monoclonal antibody against Enterobacter sakazakii and establish the ELISA detection method. The splenocytes from immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells SP2/0, and hybridoma cells were screened by indirect ELISA.Then culturing more monoclonal antibodies, ascites titers were identified with indirect ELISA.Subclass was determinated by mouse isotype. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA detection method was established by using the antibodies. Three hybridoma cell strains that could secret monoclonal antibodies against Enterobacter sakazakii stably were obtained,named as 5C10, 2B6 and Ab02, paired 5C10 as coating antibody and Ab02 as HRP-secondary antibody, to establish ELISA detection method. We compared with fluorescence PCR method to test 20 portion imports of milk powder, ELISA detection method had the same consequence. The monoclonal antibody against Enterobacter sakazakii and ELISA detection method had been successfully established, which laid the foundation for rapid detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in larger number.

Diacyglycerol acyl-transferase 1 (DGAT1) was considered to be the key enzyme in controlling the synthesis rate of triglycerides. The DGAT1 gene was recently identified,and DGAT1 gene became a strong functional candidate gene for milk fat percentage in cattle. This study used Guizhou Holstein cows as experimental animals,the cow DGAT1 gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction using PCR primers. PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)assay was used to diagnose the DGAT1 exon 8.The results showed that three genotypes were found and the genotypic frequencies of AA, AB and BB were 0.5588,0.3824 and 0.0588,respectively. The gene frequencies of A and B were 0.7549 and 0.2451.The significant association of the gene mutation in DGAT1 exon 8 with 305 days corrected milk yield and milk fat percentage (P<0.05), and had no significant effect on the protein percentage in milk (P>0.05). LSD showed that the cows with AA and AB genotypes had higher tested 305 days corrected milk yield and milk protein percentage than those with BB genotype (P<0.05).The conclusion indicated that the gene mutation in DGAT1 had a great genetic effect on milking traits and could be a useful genetic marker for Guizhou Holstein breeding.

To study cellulose genes of Yunnan Gayal rumen,the high molecular weight DNA was extracted and purified from rumen contents of 4 adult Gayals by embedding method and pulsed field gel electrophoresis approaches. After digestion with AluⅠ, DNA fragments ranging from 23~48 kb were collected and ligated with pcc2 FOS vector and transformed into E.coli EPI 300.A rumen metagenomic Fosmid library with the capacity of 1363 Mb was successfully constructed. This library contained 38400 clones with an average inserting size of 35.5 kb,and empty rate was lower than 2%.The screening of the partial metagenomic library identified 95 clones expressing activity of carboxymethyl cellulase,52 clones with xylanase activity, and 23 clones with carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activity. These results provided the foundation to further study cellulase gene in Gayal rumen.

The experiment was used enzyme immunoassay technique to develop a medroxyprogesterone kit which could rapidly tested in chicken. After testing, the limit of detection was 1 μg/kg in chicken samples,and the intra- and inter-relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The stability test results revealed that the kit could be stored for 12 months at 4℃. The cross-reactive assay showed that the specificity of monoclonal antibody was good. The kit operation time only needed 45 min,which could be suitable for detection of a large number of samples tested rapidly on the spot.

Colloidal gold immunochromatographic was uesd for the determination of β-lactams and tetracyclines in milk. Tetracyclines hapten was obtained by chemical synthesis. Immunogen and envelope antigen were prepared by cephalosporins and tetracyclines hapten coupled to carrier protein. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained by immunogen immunizing mice. A rapid and simple colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay was established for the determination of β-lactams and tetracyclines in milk. 12 kinds of β-lactams and 4 kinds of tetracyclines were detected at the same time by the strip. The milk sample could be used to be detected without dilution. The detection time could be 3 to 5 min. The method could be efficiently used for mass samples screening in primary laboratory.

In order to investigate the effects of tea polyphenols (TP) and L-theanine on growth performance and antioxidant performance of egg-laying chickens under heat stress,single factor design was adopted.180 one-day old chickens were randomly assigned to six groups for three replicates (10 chicks for each). Group 1 was the control group,was fed on a basal diet;groups 2 to 6 were the treatment groups,were fed with 400 mg/kg TP, 200 mg/kg L-theanine, 200 mg/kg TP and 200 mg/kg L-theanine,400 mg/kg TP and 200 mg/kg L-theanine, 600 mg/kg TP and 200 mg/kg L-theanine in the basal diet. The trial period was 28 d. The results indicated that TP could decrease feed gain significantly (P<0.05),L-theanine added alone or combined with TP had no significant effects on growth performance (P>0.05). TP could decrease the tissues and organs's content of MDA significantly (P<0.05),and enhance the activities of GSH-Px and CAT significantly (P<0.05).L-theanine could improve the activity of CAT significantly (P<0.05),and decreased the tissues and organs's content of MDA in different degrees.TP combined with L-theanine, the antioxidant performance was out of step with the addition of TP. When 400 mg/kg TP and 200 mg/kg L-theanine were added,the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities of liver significantly decreased (P<0.05),the MDA content increased significantly (P<0.05). Under heat stress,the addition of 200 mg/kg TP and 200 mg/kg L-theanine is the most appropriate antioxidant effect.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary energy and protein levels on production performance of laying ducks. The experiment was designed by 3×3 factorial arrangement with three energy levels (10.8, 11.3 and 11.8 MJ/kg ME) and three protein levels (17.0%, 19.0% and 21.0% P). A total of 432 sixteen-week-old Jinding laying ducks were randomly allocated into nine treatments, experiment one group (10.8 MJ/kg ME, 17.0% P), experiment two group (10.8 MJ/kg ME, 19.0% P), experiment three group (10.8 MJ/kg ME, 21.0% P), experiment four group (11.3 MJ/kg ME, 17.0% P), experiment five group (11.3 MJ/kg ME, 19.0% P), experiment six group (11.3 MJ/kg ME, 21.0% P), experiment seven group (11.8 MJ/kg ME, 17.0% P), experiment eight group (11.8 MJ/kg ME, 19.0% P) and experiment nine group (11.8 MJ/kg ME, 21.0% P), each treatment had four replicates of 12 ducks per replicate, and the experiment lasted for 90 days. The results showed that the average egg weight of laying ducks was significantly effected by the levels of dietary energy (P<0.05), and the feed intake and feed/egg weight were not significantly effected by the levels of dietary energy (P>0.05). The production performance was not significantly effected by the levels of dietary protein (P>0.05). In the adding level range of experiments, interactions of energy and protein didn't affect the production performance of laying ducks (P>0.05).It was suggested that 11.3 MJ/kg ME, and 17.0% P in dietary were suitable for Jinding laying ducks in Hainan.

Buffalo played an important role in the agricultural industry of southern of China. All most of buffaloes in China classified to swamp buffalo and employed as a draft power in rural. With the development of mechanical industry,the usage of buffalo was transferred from draught animals to meat and milk animals. The author reviewed the advance of buffalo nutrition in the past 20 years from nutritional requirement,feedstuff utilization,ruminal microorganism and fermentation,nutrition and reproduction and nutritional regulation of milk and meat of buffaloes.

As a series of living microorganism agents,probiotics could modulate host microflora banlance,improve growing properties of animals and immunity against pathogens by adding to animal feed. In addition,probiotics also had ability to enhance the feed digestion and reduce environmental contamination. Due to both favorable environment protection and economic benefits,probiotics had been widely applied in animal feed. Hence,application of probiotics in animal feed was summarized.

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome sulfate were investigated following single intravenous (IV) and oral administration at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, in healthy duck. 20 ducks were randomly divided into two groups for the experiments. The cefquinome sulfate in plasma was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (PR-HPLC).The concentration-time data of cefquinome sulfate was analyzed with pharmacokinetic-compartment analysis soft (3P97). The concentration-time data of cefquinome sulfate after IV admistration was fitted to a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows, V(c),(1.146±0.02)L/kg; t_1/2α,(0.290±0.02)h; t_1/2β,(1.691±0.15)h; AUC,(6.635±0.18)(mg·h)/L,CL(s),(1.508±0.04)L/(kg·h). The concentration-time data of cefquinome sulfate after oral admistration was fitted to a one-compartment open model with first-order absorbtion. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows,t_1/2(ka),(0.45±0.05)h; t_1/2(ke),(0.96±0.29)h; T_(peak),(0.91±0.09)h; C_(max),(3.14±0.64)mg/L; AUC,(8.29±1.26)(mg·h)/L; F,(62.55±0.10)%. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of cefquinome sulfate in healthy duck manifested the rapid absorbtion, wide distribution, rapid elimination but low bioavailability, probably due to its low lipsoluble characteristic. However cefquinome sulfate in blood could keep efficient concentration ((0.14±0.03) to (3.14±0.64)μg/mL) in 8 h, which could inhibit infections of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) and other bacteria.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Chinese herb feed additives on the umami substances content of mutton. 32 healthy 10-month-old Chinese Merino were randomly divided into 4 groups. The group 1 was control group which was given basal diet. The groups 2,3 and 4 were fed the basal diets added with 0.1% Chinese herb feed additiveⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively. After 60 days feeding,the contents of IMP and its correlative metabolites of samples were determined by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that ATP was not detected in all of the samples. The contents of ADP, HYP and AMP were very low,and there were no significant intergroup differences (P>0.05).Three Chinese herb feed additives all could improved the contents of IMP and its correlative metabolites in different degrees. The IMP, INO and IMPc contents of group 4 were extremely significantly higher than those of group 1 (P<0.01),and significantly higher than those of groups 2 and 3 (P<0.05).The results demonstrated that the Chinese herb feed additive Ⅲ could significantly improve the flavor of mutton.

Black Muscovy ducks were used to detect the change regulation of plasma biochemical indicators. The relation between plasma biochemical indicators and liver production performance were analyzed. The result indicated that plasma biochemical indicators of black Muscovy ducks were significantly increased following with the time of overfeeding (P<0.05). The plasma biochemical indicators of overfeeding group were significantly higher than these indexes in the control group (P<0.05). The dressed weight and liver weight of male ducks were significantly higher than female ducks (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in many indexes between male ducks and female ducks. There was very significant positive correlation between the liver weight and plasma ALT (P<0.01), and was positive correlation between the liver weight and plasma GGT, CHO (P<0.05), and was negative correlation between the liver weight and plasma ApoB, LDL-C(P<0.05) between sexes.

Effects of NaF on microstructure and ultrastructure of the liver of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were estimated by optical and transmission electron microscopy. After exposing to sodium fluoride at the concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 120 mg/L for 30 days, liver tissue sections were prepared for the observation of optical and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that different degrees of damages were found in liver tissues of grass carp after exposing to different concentrations of NaF for 30 days.The histopathological changes involved disorders and fractures of hepatocyes cord, and vacuolization of liver cells in test groups, which got severer with the increasement of NaF concentrations. Ultrastructural changes showed that mitochondria in liver cells of test groups mild short-term exposed to NaF could cause damages to the liver of grass carp, and the degrees of damage increased with the doses of NaF.

Biogenic amines were extracted by 0.4 mol/L HCLO₄ solution. Derivatisation of the samples was carried out using dansyl chloride. A gradient elution system was used for analyzing a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate solutions as well as UV detector were applied at 254 nm to measure 7 kinds of biogenic amines simultaneously in fishmeal. The established method had a good resolution in 45 minutes and showed good linearity. Its recovery rate belonged to 85% to 105%,RSD of precision were all lower than 4%. It showed that the established method was feasible for the determination of biogenic amines in fishmeal.

Fatty acid binding protein 3(FABP3) is a member of the fatty acid binding protein family and widely present in the myocardium, skeletal muscle and lactating breast in which tissues fatty acids are highly in demand. It is involved in transient storage and transportation of intracellular fatty acids. Into the mitochondrial energy metabolism system, fatty acid is oxidized and decomposed and produces ATP and provides energy for organisms. It combines with fatty acids to form intracellular and extracellular concentration differences and promotes the cellular uptake of fatty acids. This paper mainly introduces gene and protein structure, biological function and clinical application of FABP3 and reviews research progress of FABP3 in the milk fat synthesis signal transduction pathway.

This experiment was conducted to study the development changes of fatty enzymatic hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities and their association with intramuscular fat in F1 hybrids with Mount Changbai Boar and Duroc pigs. To investigate the development changes of fatty enzymatic activities and their association with intramuscular fat and meat tenderness when the body weight got 20,35,50,70 and 90 kg levels F1 hybrids with boar and Laiwu pigs and white pigs of Landrace and Yorkshire (each 40 heads and male, female in the same evenly). The results indicated that with gaining of body weight, the activity of HSL and MDH were significantly different in muscle (P<0.05). The activity of HSL in F1 hybrids with Mount Changbai boar and Duroc pigs was significantly higher than Laiwu pigs at 35 kg (P<0.01); the activities of MDH in muscle in F1 hybrids was increased firstly and then decreased, and reached a peak at 70 kg of weight. The activity of MDH in F1 hybrids with Mount Changbai boar and Duroc pigs was significantly lower than Laiwu pigs at 90 kg (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the activities of MDH in muscle were highly correlated to IMF content of F1 hybrids with Mount Changbai boar and Duroc pigs at 90 kg (r=0.97,P<0.01), the activities of HSL and MDH in muscle were highly correlated to the meat tenderness (P<0.01). The results suggested that the depositions of IMF could be improved by controlling the activity of fatty enzymatic HSL and MDH in muscle and there was some immanent contact between the depositions of IMF and the meat tenderness.

Five local sheep breeds of Tengchong (TC), Zhaotong sheep (ZS), Diqing (DQ), Ninglang (NL) and Wugu (WG) in Yunnan were analyzed through the microsatellite DNA marker technology. The genetic variability within breeds and genetic relationship among breeds, the genetic heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), coefficient of gene differentiation and genetic distance etc had been evaluated. The results showed that the heterozygosity of five sheep breeds were 0.2894 to 0.3349, this indicated that genetic variability was low in analyzed sheep. The PIC value was high, beyond 0.5, it indicated the five local sheep breeds in Yunnan had more abundant genetic diversity. The gene flow had been analyzed, there were bigger gene flow within sheep breeds except for WG sheep. The D_coa genetic distance and Ds genetic distance had been analyzed by using POPGENE software, and drawed the dendrograms with the above genetic distance, the genetic distance between WG sheep and other sheep were far, the close were between Diqing sheep and Ninglang sheep.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether antibodies specific to growth hormone receptor (GHR) extracellular domain (ECD) could activate or inhibit GHR signal transduction, and whether the antibodies could be used to regulate animal growth performance. Firstly, an N-terminal 120-amino acid residue chicken GHR ECD was prepared by recombinant technology, and was used as the antigen to immunize growing pullets. Anti-GHR antibody titres rapidly increasedafter the primary immunization in both high and low groups (P<0.01), and were similar in both GHR ECD immunized groups, but were significantly higher than the non-specific levels in the control group throughout the experiment (P<0.05). Immunization against GHR ECD was significantly (P<0.01) inhibited live weight gain in both high and low group pullets, that the live weights were already lower only 30 d following the primary immunization than that of control group (P<0.05). Following suppression of weight gain, GHR ECD immunized groups also exhibited significant (P<0.05) depression in daily feed intake at the later stage of the experiment. Upon slaughter, the control pullets had higher carcass weight, slaughter rate, semi-enviseration and enviseration percentages, and higher abdominal fat ratio than did the high and low groups. These results demonstrated that immunization against GHR ECD inhibited chicken growth, which implied the antibodies to GHR exhibited a GHR signal transduction blockade effect. The results also implied that immunization against GHR ECD would be unlikely to be used to promote animal growth, but might be applicable to restrict animal growth as in the case of breeder pullet rearing.

In this research, we studied the genetic variation of porcine bone morphogenetic protein 6(BMP-6) gene and the associations between the genetic variation and the litter size. Genetic variation of BMP-6 gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in 268 individuals from five swine breeds (Wild boar, Min pig, Landrace, Beijing Black pig and French Yorkshire), and association analysis were carried out to evaluate the effects of genotypes on litter size in French Yorkshire. The G1104A transition mutation, a synonymous mutation, was found within CDS of BMP-6 gene, and there were three genotypes of AA, AB and BB in all breeds. The A allele frequency was greater in Wild boar and Min pig, whereas the B allele was superior in Landrace, Beijing Black pig and French Yorkshire. The results showed that there were significant differences among sows with different BMP-6 genotypes in TNB and NBA, which implied that the G1104A mutation within BMP-6 gene had the significant influence on litter size in swine.

The effect of fertility after mice treated with busulfan was observed and evaluated in this study. 20 sexually matured male ICR mice with 6 to 7 weeks old were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice were treated with busulfan in doses of 40,45,50 mg/kg by intra-peritoneal injection, respectively, and perform a blank determination with 50% DMSO. Busulfan-treated mice mated with female 15 times after injection in phases, and we recorded the data of 460 females used for mating, such as conception rate, the litter size and the gender of 922 offspring. Then we measured male fertility after the mice were treated with differential dose by statistical analyses. The short-term infertility result from intra-peritoneal injection of busulfan, which can be recovered by themselves. The recovery of mice fertility treated with low doses was quickly than that with higher doses. The sex ratio of the offspring did not change by the treatment, though it made an impact to fertility.

To explore genetic differentiation conditions of Huili Black goat, primers were designed according to myostatin (MSTN) gene of ordinary goats, the coding sequence of MSTN gene in Huili Black goat was amplified and cloned by PCR and aligned with the nucleotide sequence of other species. The results showed that, the complete coding sequences of MSTN gene in Huili Black goat was 1128 bp, and it consisted of the exon 1 (372 bp), exon 2(375 bp), exon 3 (381 bp); the homology with Jianchang Black goat and Qianbei Ma goat were the highest, which reached 97.4%, as a family, they had the closest genetic relationship; the homology with cattle, Rhesus monkey and dog species were the lowest and they were distantly related to the Huili Black goat; the coding sequence of MSTN gene encoded 375 amino acids, the contents of all kinds of amino acids were very different, the leucine (Leu) was the most abundant protein, reaching 8.80%. This research provided a molecular genetics basis for the genetic resources protection and development of Huili Black goat.

Samples were obtained from Dalian Ming Wei Marten Industry Company, based on 1686 sliver blue mink of six generation from 2005 to 2011. The phenotypic trends of body weight, body length, guard hair length, under fur length, and the rate of two hairs were analyzed by year and sex. Genetic parameter of growth and fur traits in the sliver blue mink was estimated with multi-traits animal model. The fixed effects, which were included the year, sex effects and the animal additive genetic effects were calculated. The results showed as following: Heritability estimates for body weight body length, guard hair length, under fur length and the rate two hair lengths was 0.41, 0.53, 0.53, 0.52 and 0.52. Except for the phenotypic correlation between the rate of two hair lengths and body weight, body length, guard hair length and under fur length were negatively (-0.218,-0.178, -0.074,-0.425), among the other four traits were positively (0.289, 0.882, 0.869, 0.806, 0.788, 0.930). The genetic correlation between body length and under fur length and the rate of two hair length were negatively (-0.941, -0.983), others were positively (0.983, 0.731, 0.972, 0.981, 0.622, 0.992, 0.641, 0.987).

For improving the efficiency of isolation and culture of fibroblast cells from Bos mutus, effects on the isolation culture and subculture of Bos mutus somatic cells by organize preservation method, primary culture method, culture media type,and cryopreservation media formula were assessed. The results showed that PBS, D/F12 and TCM199 media adapted to preserve the skin organize of Bos mutus. D/F12 and TCM199 media could be used to the culture of Bos mutus organize pieces, and the survival rate of organize pieces reached (86.29±4.62)%. So organize pieces culture could be successfully used to primary culture of Bos mutus fibroblast cells. Better effect was achieved by the culture of Bos mutus fibroblast cells in D/F12 media, and population doubling time as well as plateau phase density of the cells were 38.47 h and 2.075×10⁶/mL, respectively. The percentage of normal diploid karyotype of F7 cells was 84.33% in the D/F12 culture media. Obvious proliferation effect on the cells was produced with the supplement of EGF and bFGF into culture media, and plateaued phase density of the cells obviously rised. Two cryopreservation media (D/F12 supplemented with fetal bovine serum and DMSO, fetal bovine serum supplemented with DMSO) could be used to cryopreservation of Bos mutus cells, and the survival rates of the cells were 87.33% and 89.00%, respectively.

To study the effects of selenium yeast and inorganic selenium on reproductive performance of sows in different varieties, and provide scientific basis for the reasonable application of selenium yeast and study on selenium deposition, each 18 Landrace sows and Tibet sows were fed in diets adding 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite and 0.2, 0.5 mg/kg of selenium yeast. The effects of selenium yeast on the reproduction performance, selenium deposition in milk and in organization of suckling piglets were studied. The results showed that selenium yeast had improvement effect on the reproductive performance of sows, compared with the sodium selenite, selenium yeast could significantly increased the selenium deposition in colostrum, milk and piglet tissues, especially in muscle, different varieties sow had different demand for selenium yeast, selenium deposition had different rules in different varieties.

To provide strains and a novel knowledge for the further study of the molecular regulation mechanism of endophytic fungi produced swainsonine in locoweed, this research was performed to isolate and identify swainsonine-producing fungal endophytes from Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge in Ningxia. The fungal endophytes from the plant tissues were isolated and purified. Each strain was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrum to determine the presence of swainsonine in fungal mycelia.The swainsonine-producing strain was induced to produce conidia or conidiospores in the culture condition of ultraviolet light and darkness alternation. The fungal DNA were extracted from mycelia of the swainsonine-producing fungal endophyte. The GPD, ITS and mt SSU of the strain were amplified and sequenced for the analysis of homology and genetic evolution. The taxon of the strain was determined based on the morphology and the result of genetic evolution analysis. The results indicated that five isolates were harvested from Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge in Ningxia. Only one strain was determined to synthesize swainsonine. The strain could produce abundant conidia or conidiospores after induced culture. The morphology and genetic evolution relationship of the strain were closely related to the Undifilum. Therefore, the strain was identified as Undifilum oxytropis in this study.

The infection antibody levels against porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) were monitored in pigs at two intensive swine farms which immunicated with Bartha strain of PRV in Daxing and Shunyi districts of Beijing over a three-year period, combined with the clinical status of the farm and PCR assay result, the results indicated that there was a prevalence of pseudorabies in immunicated pigs in Beijing from 2011 to 2012. We should pay much attention to this situation. Causes needed further analysis by virus isolation and its molecular genetic analysis.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was a major disease problem for the cattle industry,causing economic losses which was of major economic importance to the America and the global cattle industries,research on BRD had been a longstanding global. The disease was multi-factorial,stress and environmental factors interacting with multiple viral,bacterial and mycoplasma,to produce severe respiratory illness in some animals. This review focused on the primary viral pathogens of IBRV and BRSV, cell infection and pathogenic mechanism of the biological characteristics of common and serious disease, in order to provided reference for the prevention and control of BRD.

Pathological autopsy had been done in diseased Rhizomys sinensis, and bacteria were isolated and identified. Through a comprehensive analysis of the clinical symptoms, pathological changes and pathogenic bacteria isolation and identification, it was confirmed as Rhizomys sinensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa disease. Animal pathogenicity test showed that the isolate had strong pathogenicity. The result of drug sensitivity test showed that the isolated P.aeruginosa was highly susceptible to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and azithromycin, but resistant to ceftazidime, cefoxitin, rifampin and amoxicillin.

To diagnose an infectious disease suspected as swine pseudorabies (PR) in swine farm in North China, epidemiological investigation, clinical observation and laboratory examination were performed. High mortality in piglets, abortion in sows and low mortality in finishing pigs were major clinical signs. Tonsil hyperaemia and ulcer, pneumonedema, increased pericardial effusion and meningeal congestion were observed in piglets. Histopathological microscopies were as necrotizing tonsillitis, hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, interstitial pneumonia, interstitial myocarditis, and nonsuppurative encephalitis. Rabbits were injected with the tonsil, lung and brain tissue homogenate supernatant of pigs with the clinical symptom, and the typical clinical syndrome such as extra tickle and acute death could be observed. The pseudorabies virus (PRV) gD gene specific fragment was amplified from DNA extracted in piglet brain by PCR. The result of serologic survey demonstrated that 63% (63 of 100) pigs were positive for antibodies against PRV. The results showed that PRV infection was the etiologic agents in this swine farm.

Inguinal hernia was caused that abdominal organs prolapse into lateral fold inguen subcutaneouly with the formation of local swelling. In 2012, a four-year-old female pug dog was diagnosed, the clincal symptoms showed that there was lump emoribus internus,combining with X-ray examination, B-ultrasonic wave examination and blood smear test, the case was made a definite diagnosis as inguinal hernia. The operation was taken,comprehensive nursing intervention was applied, and the prognosis was good.

The assay was aimed to observe the effects of anesthesia by sumianxin Ⅱ,sumianxin Ⅱ combined with ketamine on respiration and circulation systems of Bama Minipigs.20 healthy grown Bama Minipigs were set for two groups, each contained 10. One group was induced with intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL/kg sumianxinⅡ, another group with intramuscular injection of 0.2 mL/kg mixture sumianxinⅡ and ketamine (1:2, V/V). The respiration rate (RR) before and after induction of these chemicals were observed respectively before surgery. Furthermore, SpO₂, P_ETCO₂, heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure (MAP) and other data were monitored as well before surgery. The results were that RR, SpO₂, MAP and HR decreased significantly 1 min after treatment of sumianxin Ⅱ (P<0.05). VE was also found to extremly significantly decrease (P<0.01). However, all observed data had no significant change before and after induction by sumianxin Ⅱ together with ketamine (P>0.05). Thus,the compound anesthesia by sumianxin Ⅱ with ketamine had no clear side effect on respiration and circulation systems. This kind of compound anesthesia was safe and reliable for surgery.

In order to study the anti-porcine parvovirus (PPV) activity, propolis was diluted to ten concentrations with maintenance medium and added into PK-15 foster system to determine the maximal safe concentration of propolis by MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. And then propolis was diluted to five concentrations with maintenance medium from their safe concentration and added into PK-15 monolayers by three adding drug patterns (pre-adding drug pattern, post-adding drug pattern and simultaneous adding pattern) to observe the antiviral activity of propolis against PPV on PK-15 by MTT assay. The concentration of PPV in PK-15 foster system was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR assay to observe the effect of eliminating PPV of propolis on PK-15. The results showed that propolis could promote the anti-PPV ability of PK-15 and reduce the content of PPV in foster system of PK-15 in concentration of 31.2 to 250 μg/mL, and the effects had related to concentrations and adding drug patterns, the higher concentration,the better effectiveness,and the anti-PPV activity of propolis in pre-adding drug pattern was the best in three adding drug patterns.

In order to investigate antibody levels of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in porcine serum, we randomly collected from different sizes of farms in southern regions of Henan province, these pigs had or had not been vaccinated with PRRS and PCVD vaccine. The antibody levels of PRRSV and PCV2 were detected by ELISA in this article. The results showed that average qualification rates of antibodies of PRRSV and PCV2 were 68.8% and 58.7% in vaccinated farms,respectively,the larger farm, the higher qualified rate, which 200 to 500 sow pigs farm was the highest (76.8% and 77.4%,respectively) and under 50 sow pigs farm was the lowest (48.3% and 44.2%, respectively), which sow pig was highest and finishing pig was lowest. The results showed that average positive rates of PRRSV and PCV2 antibodie were 55.6% and 65.3% in no vaccinated farm, respectively, which average positive rate of PRRSV antibody in 100 to 200 sow pigs farm was lowest (46.5%), under 50 sow pigs farm was highest (68.8%), and growing pig and finishing pig were both more than 71%, which average positive rate of PCV2 antibody, the larger farm, the lower positive rate, 200 to 500 sow pigs farm was 41.4%, 50 to 100 sow pigs farm and under 50 sow pigs farm were 78.6% and 78.9%,respectively, and female and male sow pigs were lowest (37.5% and 40.4%,respectively), and growing pig and finishing pig were higher (82.2% and 79.5%, respectively). This research reflected the situation and the rule of the antibody levels of PRRSV and PCV2, these pigs had or not been vaccinated with PRRS and PCVD vaccine, and provided theoretical bases and guidances for prevention and control of PRRS and PCVD in southern regions of Henan province.

To establish the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Salmonella spreading, the experiment was to analyze the contamination and drug resistance of Salmonella in feed and its original materials. 707 samples were detected and Salmonella were isolated and identified in accordance with the methods GB/T 13091－2002, the serotype was classified in accordance with GB 4789.4－2010, and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to detect the resistance of strains. The results showed that fifty-six (7.9%) strains were demonstated as positive, 52 of which were from the materials of animal origin. Four serotypes were found, including Agona, AgonaⅡ, Bournemouth, Mokola. By drug susceptibility test, the antibiotic rate of Salmonella in feed was much lower than those originated from human and animals, the rest of strains due to the categeries limitaion of serum, the serotype only classified into the group, failed to further classification. Drug sensitive test showed that there were still one strain of 13 multidrug-resistant, two strains of 4 multidrug-resistant, twelve strains of 2 multidrug-resistant and nine strains of 3 multidrug-resistant with different resistance spectrum. Although the test demonstrated relatively low percentage and level of Salmonella in the feed, there still had a few individual strains with serious drug resistance, so it was necessary to watch the application of antibiotics in animal husbandry strictly.

Bacillus natt belonged to Bacillus, Bacillaceae, as a kind of probiotic could be used in medicine, food and feed. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), as an important natural ingredients, were consist with glucose, galactose, arabinose, and so on. Studies results showed that Bacillus natto and APS played a role in enhancing animal immunity, improving animal performance, and promotting the role of feeding effect. A large number of domestic and foreign literatures were readed, the application of Bacillus natto and APS in animal production were reviewed in this article, and the application prospect of both combined use in animal production were outlooked.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different feed types including self-made wheat type feed, corn type feed, commercial formula feed on the growth performance of fattening pigs. A contrast experiment design was adopted, and a total of 108 fatting pigs were randomly assigned into four treatments with three replicates and nine pigs per replicate. A group was fed corn-based and A premix feed, B group was fed wheat-based and wheat-specific B premix feed, C group was provided corn-based and C premix feed, D group was fed compound feed of D. The experiment lasted for 31 days.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the average daily feed intake, daily gain and feed to gain ratio among these groups (P>0.05). A group showed no significant difference (P>0.05) compared with groups B, C, D on feed costs, respectively. At the same time, B group showed significant influence compared with groups C and D (P<0.05). And there was no significant influence between groups C and D (P>0.05). In conclusion, group B had the lowest feed cost to weight gain and it got 473.07 yuan per pig.

Seventy healthy mice were randomly divided into 7 groups,each group was 10. The oral feeding 0 mg/kg cholecystokinin (CCK) control group,0 mg/kg empty microcapsules group,1 mg/kg CCK-IgY-LD microcapsules group,5 mg/kg CCK-IgY-HD microcapsules group and injection 0 mg/kg control group,1 mg/kg CCK-IgY-LD injection group, 3 mg/kg CCK-IgY-HD injection group,the experiment period lasted for 40 days. The D value of ovine CCK-IgY,the feed intake and body weight in mice via both forms of treatments were measured, the effect of both forms of treatment was compared each other. The results showed that in whole experimental period,the feed intake and weight gain in group 3 were extremely significantly higher than that in group 4 (P<0.01), but it had no significant difference with the group 1 (P>0.05). With the increase of CCK-IgY injection dose, the D value was also increased, and the D value of group 7 was extremely sinificantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). CCK-IgY microencapsulated group didn't had reached the expected effect. Oral feeding and injection of CCK-IgY could stimulate the corresponding immune response in mice. The CCK-IgY injected intra-abdominally to mice presented obvious growth-promoting effect, but the effect of microencapsulated CCK-IgY orally fed to mice showed be further studied.

This article focused on summarizing the effects of high zinc oxide (ZnO) on the immune function of weanling piglets and the interactions between high zinc and other nutrients in diet. The article also introduced the influences of high zinc on the intestinal microflora and intestinal structure, as well as hormone levels of piglets. At the end, the problems of utilizing high zinc diet in practice were presented to discuss the possible solutions.