To determine the effects of milk replacer with different processed soy protein on the activities of digestive enzyme and the development of small intestine, 18 new-born calves were divided into three groups each with 6 duplicates, calves in group A, B and C were fed milk replacers contained heated full-fat soybean flour, defatted soybean flour or extruded soybean flour, seperatelly. The experiment was conducted for a 7 d adaptation period and a 42 d treatment period. The results showed that milk repalcer with different processed soy protein could affect the digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology. Compared to that of group A and C, the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were lowest in group B. Villus heigh was similar among groups in the proximal jejunum(P>0.05),but it were higher for group A and C than group B in other site of small intestine. Recess depth was similar among groups in the duodenum and the proximal jejunum(P>0.05). the ratio of villus height to recess depth were higher in group A and C that that of group B(P<0.05).there was no difference of mucosa thickness among groups in the duodenum and proximal , middle jejunum(P>0.05),but in the far-end of jejunum, it was higher in group A and C than group B (P<0.05).Therefore, full-fat soybean flour and extruded soybean flour could be used in milk replacer of calves.

Twenty Xinjiang Brown cows were allocated to two treatment groups with 40 d periods to determine whether supplement with tomato pomace fermentation feed (CP≥26%, DM) would influence anti-oxidation or immunity of serum and milk. Treatment diets were control diet and 6% cotton seed meal (DM),4.5% wheat bran (DM),3.5% corn silage (DM) of the control diet replaced with 14%(DM) tomato pomace fermentation feed. Cows were fed a basal TMR formulated and the control diet The supplement with tomato pomace fermentation feed significantly increase the activities of T-SOD,GSH-Px in the serum,the amount of TAOC in the serum, and significantly decrease the amount of MDA in the serum(P＜0.05).There were an increased tendency in the activities of T-SOD,GSH-Px and the amount of TAOC in the milk when the diet was supplemented with tomato pomace fermentation feed.The supplement with tomato pomace fermentation feed significantly increase the amount of IgG, IgM in serum(P＜0.05), while there were no significant increase in the amount of IgG, IgA, IgM of the milk. Th ere were an increased tendency on the activities of IgA in the milk when the diet was supplemented with tomato pomace fermentation feed.This suggested that tomato pomace fermentation feed could increase the anti-oxidation and immunity, which was a kind of much better feed.

Metabolomics/metabonomics s tudy of Sudan Ⅳ was depend on the eggs of Highland Brown layers with determination by Agilent 6530 liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometer (LC-MS/Q-TOF), which was high resolution mass spectrmeter with electrospray ionization(+/-).The egg samples were obtained from hens which were fed Sudan Ⅳ(0,100,150,200 mg/kg)and were taken after 28 days-feeding.Then endogenous metabolites'information of eggs could be acquired by principal component analysis of statistical analysis software (mass profiler professional, MPP). Results showed that, this method could distinguish blank control group and the feeding of Sudan Ⅳ group clearly. Endogenous metabolites which have significantly differences (P<0.05, fold change≥2) had been preliminary identified by searching in database with 23000 metabolites.The results provided a basic work for further studies of metabolomics/metabonomics of Sudan Ⅳ.

To investigate the effects of Compound Probiotics on immune functions in piglets.Sixty healthy primiparity piglets(the same age and similar weight) were divided into 4 groups: Compound Probiotics group(basis ration + 0.2 g/kg dried yeast +0.4 g/kg acidophilus), acidophilus group(basis ration +0.4 g/kg acidophilus), cod-liver oil group(basis ration +10 mL/kg cod-liver oil) and control group(basis ration) , peripheral blood IgG, IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-γ content were tested by ELISA kit. The results showed that compound probiotics could add the content of IgG, IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-γ in turn 102.76%,62.63%,53.71% and 33.45% from 15-day old to 55-day old, the compound probiotics group was significantly higher than other test control groups. So compound probiotics can be better enhance immune function of piglets.

In order to study the different levels of fluoride dietary and selenium interact effect on nutrients digestion and metabolism on sheep,16 healthy Mongolia rams, weight (35.0 ± 1.4) kg, were randomly assigned to a group of four sheep, batch experiments to determine rate of digestion and metabolism of nutrients. Diet 1 helps the body digest and absorb nutrients, diet 1 selenium can promote the excretion of fluorine,can play a detoxification role. Amount of fluorine and selenium intake is conducive to the health of the body, selenium in a certain range of concentration of fluoride toxicity arising from the antagonistic role in enhancing the level of concentrate diet will promote the body's excretion of fluoride and reduce the bioavailability of fluoride, the absorption of diet 1 nutrients can be enhanced.

In recent years,with the development of intensive in poultry industry and increasing of the temperature.Heat stress is more and more serious for poultry's production.This review summarized the effects of heat stress on basal, energy,protein and amino acids metabolism,fat digestibility and blood physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolism,to explore regular change of heat stress on animal. It will provide theoretical basis to moderate heat stress.

Abstracts: The study explored the influence of environmental stress imitating harmful environment of rearing on self-biting disease combined with 10 serum biochemical index. 90 healthy blue foxes (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups, 60 in the stress-induced group, while 30 in the control group. Six induced-stress including bed swinging, shed transferring, confined in cage, overcrowded in cage, starvation and resting stress were used on blue foxes, The results as follows: after induced for 30 days, enzyme activity in trial group were extra-significantly lower than the control group in GPT, ALP, GSH-Px, and CAT (P＜0.01), MDA content was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05), while SOD activity was significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.01). The activity of ALP, CK, GSH-Px, CAT and MDA, induced for 60 days, were significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.01), SOD activity was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.01) while GPT activity was significantly lower than the control group(P＜0.05), the activity of GOT, LDH and GLU were not affected (P＞0.05). Self-biting ratio was no significantly difference between stress-induced and control blue foxes (P＞0.05). General environmental stress showed no significantly difference on self-biting disease.

The bone metabolism includes the two processes of bone formation and bone resorption, which is influenced by many facters, hererity, nutrition, environment, gender and incretion are the key regulatory factors. When the bone resorption significantly exceeds formation; the activity of the osteoblasts cannot keep up with the activity of the osteoclasts, and then resulting in bone loss rapidly and bone density reducing. The process of bone metabolism is affected by incretion, many biochemical indexes of blood play an important role in the study of osteopathy. Many studies have reported biochemical parameters of blood related to bone metabolism. This paper summarize the effects of serum calcium and phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃interleukin, ALP on the bone formation and resorption.

The morphologic structure and distribution of the feather follicles were closely correlated to downy performance in Yan geese. In the current study, preparation of tissue sectioning and microscopy were used to observe and investigate the morphologic structure and distribution of the feather follicles of adult Yan geese. It was shown that both the primary and the secondary feather follicles were developed from the pulp epithelium, and they morphogenesis and distributed at the feather tracts independently. The morphologic structure of the secondary feather follicles was similar to that of the primaries, and the barb ridges of the secondary follicles developed radially and symmetrically around the follicular pulp, but no any rachidial ridge was found. The follicle densities of the primaries and secondaries at the three different tracts of the thoracal, ventral and dorsal sections in the females increased significantly more than those in the males (P＜0.05). The densities of the secondary follicles and the S/P values at the thoracal and ventral tracts increased significantly more than those at the dorsal sections (P＜0.05). The secondary follicle diameters at the thoracal and the ventral tracts in the males were significantly thicker than those in the females (P＜0.05), and the diameters at the ventral tracts were significantly thinner than those at the dorsal tracts in the males and females (P＜0.05). It provided the data for the breeding of downy-type geese and for the evaluation of downy traits in geese.

For reconstructing the contaminated BHK-21 cells artificially by M.hyorhinis with the Enrofloxacin, the contaminated BHK-21 cells were treated with the MEM growing solution of 10 mg/L Enrofloxacin circularly by physical and chemical methods, and the course was monitored by the methods of DNA fluorescent staining and PCR. The M.hyorhinis was cleaned successfully after 4 cycles and 3 passages, the BHK-21 cells were recovered. The method offered a reference for saving the contaminated cells by Mycoplasma.

This study tries to product rat gloma cells hypox anthine-guaninep hosphoribosyl transferase deficiency lines by combined effects of N–methyl-N＇–nitro-nitrosoguanidine,8-azaguanine,6-thioguanine and ultraviolet irradiation in order to establish rat pituitary gonadotropic hormone hybridoma cell lines in future,but wo are not able to gain the expectant glioma HGPRT^- cell lines which can be sieved by hypoxan thine-aminop terinthymidine selective medium.The experiment indicate that the HGPRT gene of C6 cells is too stabile to be induced deficient on this experiment conditions.

A HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of quinocetone and its three main metabolites in porcine plasma and urine. Plasma samples were extracted with acetonitrile and determined after high speed centrifugation. Quinocetone, demonoxyquinocetone and desoxyquinocetone were extracted with ethylacetate from urine samples. MQCA were extracted with hydrochloric acid, ethylacetate, then dried under nitrogen at 50 ℃ and cleaned up by SPE column. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid was used for gradient elution under the detective wavelength of 314 nm. The recoveries of quinocetone and its three main metabolites in plasma were 72.54% to 104.2% and 63.20% to 86.24% in urine. The limit of quantitation of these four target compounds in plasma and urine was 0.05 μg/mL.

The aim is to investigate the relationship between female gonad toxicity of chlorpromazine on rat and the apoptosis of granulosa cells. Immature ovarian granulosa cell of Wistar rat was primary cultured, cells were cultured and treated with different concentration chlorpromazine(0, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L) for 24 h. After exposured to chlorpromazine 24 h, cell viability was detected by MTT assay, apoptotic cells were identified microscopically by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation with Hoechest 33258, mRNA expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and P53 were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR). Compared to control group, chlorpromazine could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cell (P<0.01) in a concentration-dependent way. RT-PCR detection showed that chlorpromazine upregulated the mRNA expression of Bax, P53 and the mRNA ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Compared with control group, the differences between relevant indicators was statistically significant(P＜0.01) except Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 of low group. Chlorpromazine may serve as an important endocrine disrupting medicine, mediating rat granulose cell apoptosis in vitro. The effect is bidirectional and concentration dependent.

In this paper, the author select several common plants as the experimental materials,which are Clover. Then through Orthogonal Test L9(3⁴),we partly optimize the parameters using the leaf protein concentrates (LPC) extraction technology,which are ratio of material to water,salt concentration,pH of extracting solution and coagulating temperature. we will obtain the optimized technological parameters in the leaf protein concentrates extraction technology. The results indicated that while in the orthogonal experiment,the ratio of clove meal to water,pH for extraction solution and coagulation temperature were affected LPC extraction ratio respectively. The optimum combination factor for clove extracting LPC were that 1∶3 for ratio of clove meal to water,5% for salt concentration,pH 3.0 for extraction solution and 70 ℃ for coagulation temperature,this research studied the optimum extraction technology of LPC by orthogonal test,so as to provide the theory for the development and application of LPC.

Using the Flow cytometry to detect CD3 ⁺, CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T lymphocyte levels of the Gushi chicken to study the effect of Gushi chicken T lymphocyte subsets of adding different doses Saccharicterpenin. Results were as follows,the 500 and 700 mg/kg Saccharicterpenin groups were significant different from the other groups. This study indicated that certain dose Saccharicterpenin could promote immune organic development in Gushi chicken, and increase the level of T lymphocyte subsets.

A pair of specific primers of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 2b were designed and synthesized according to the published gene sequence of PRRSV from GenBank,and 2b gene of PRRSV was obtained by RT-PCR method. The RT-PCR product was cloned into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. After the positive gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector and designated pGEX-4T-2b,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell BL21(DE3) and induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting test confirmed that the expressed fusion protein is about 35 ku,which had immunogenically reactive activity.

Specific primers for bovine IL-2 (BoIL-2) cDNA were designed and synthesized according to the previously published sequence in GenBank. The total cell RNA, isolated from ConA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte of bovine, was used as template to generate complementary DNA by reverse transcription. The DNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digestion, and cloned into the pMD18-T vector. The fragment was confirmed bovine interleukin-2 by DNA sequencing. The sequence analysis showed that it was similar to the sequence of bovine IL-2 publised in GenBank, the homology was 98.7% in nucleotide acid. Then the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET30a/rBoIL-2 was constructed and transformed into BL21 cell. The recombinant rBoIL-2 was expressed efficiently in forms of inclusion body. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that the recombinant fusion protein had a molecular weight 23.49 ku. The inclusion body was purified by QIAGEN Ni-NTA resin. The protein was purified and used to immunize rabbit, and polyconal antibody was prepared. The preparation of its polyclonal antibody will provide solid basis for the biological activity study and application of BoIL-2.

Since July 2010, a serious pneumonia and arthritis occurred in the calves of some dairies in north area of Xinjiang. In order to detect the pathogen, the died calf lungs and joint fluid, the sick calf serum and some nasal swabs was collected with asepsis from 8 dairies. Add the samples was inoculated the selected material medium. The 15 Mycoplasma bovis(M.bovis) isolates were identified by colony morphology, specific PCR, growth inhibition test (GIT) and serological test, 7 isolates were cloned and sequenced, the homology of nucleotide sequences were 97.32% to 100.00% in OPP F gene with PG45 strain. Furthermore, 92 serum samples were detected by ELISA, and the positive rate was 82.61%. The results indicated that the disease was primarily caused by M.bovis.

The basic principle of phage display was introduced,and the characteristics and uses of single-stranded filamentous phage,λ phage,T4 phage and T7 phage display system were expounded,respectively. Besides,this article reviewed the application of phage display technology in animal virology in recent years,and prospected its development.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcriptional factor that plays an essential role both in organisms'adaptation to hypoxia and maintenance of oxygen homeostasis. Under normoxia, synthesized HIF-1α protein protein will be degraded immediately; under hypoxia, stabilized HIF-1α protein will dimerize with HIF-1β to form HIF-1 which could regulate oxygen homeostasis. Tibetan chicken have been living in high altitude and low-O₂ tension environment for many centuries, and has special molecular pathways for adaptation to hypoxia. This review will summary the genetic structure of HIF-1α gene and its role in hypoxia adaptation of Tibetan chicken .

With the rapid development of the computer science and the biological sciences,bioinformatics has gradually developed into an independent discipline. It has been one of the important research fields in animal science in the 21st century. The research content of bioinformatics expands unceasingly with the development of research,and the applications in medicine and biology are getting widely. However,bioinformatics also has new challenges,which mainly focus on the algorithm. This article simply introduces something about bioinformatics'emergence,development and its research content,application and future development direction on animal science.

To establish a hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HGPRT) deficient cell line from HepG2 cell line,so as to provide parent cells for hybridoma and monoclonal antibody study. The HepG2 cells were cultured with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for mutation and selected by increasing concent ration of 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The 6-TG resistant mutant cells were cultured in the medium containing 6-TG or HAT. After four months of screening,a deficient cell line was established. It could grow vigorously in the medium containing 20 μg/mL 6-TG,while it all died within 12 days in the medium containing HAT. Karyotypic analysis showed that the number of the chromosomes of the deficient cells is between 32 and 88, with the modal number being 48. The 6-TG resistant and aminopterin-sensitive character of the mutant cell line reveals that it is deficient in HGPRT. The cell line established in this study will be a good parent cell line for preparation of hybridoma in the future.

To explore the effect mechanism of cecropin-class lytic peptide at early stage of infection. The mat peptide of Shiva 1a was amplified by overlap extension PCR and the C-terminus contained 6×His-marker. The gene sequence were recombinant with eukaryotic expression vector pIRES₂-EGFP. After being identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing, the recombinant plasmid pIRES₂-EGFP-Shiva 1a was transfected into CHO-K1 cells by liposomes. The expression of the the recombinant plasmid pIRES₂-EGFP-Shiva 1a was observed by fluorescence microscope. At the same time, the secondary structure and 3D structure were predicted by bioinformatics tools. The results lay the foundation in research of antimicrobial activities and applications of the antimicrobial peptide Shiva 1a in breeding for disease resistance of animals.

According to the gene sequences of the outer membrane protein A from Riemerella anatipestifer(RA) in GenBank, one pair of primers were selected and a specific PCR assay was made. Riemerella anatipestifer were found positive in the PCR. Staphyloccocus aureus, Rosenbach, Streptococcus, Pasteurella Multocida, Salmonella and Escherichia coli were all found negative in the PCR. The specificity and reproduction of PCR suggest it can be used for routine identification of Riemerella anatipestifer.

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide spectrum of human and animal diseases,including skin and soft-tissue infections and infectious endocarditis. IsdD gene is one of the important members of iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system from S.aureus. According to the sequence of IsdD gene published in GenBank,a pair of specific primers was designed and synthesized.Using the total genome DNA from S.aureus Wood46 strain as template,IsdD coding sequences were amplified by PCR method. The PCR product which had been digested by NcoⅠ and XhoⅠ restriction endonucleases was inserted into pET32a(+) vector subsequently. The recombinant plasmids,designated as pET32a(+)-IsdD,were transformed into E.coli BL21. The sequence analysis results showed the homologies of both nucleoside sequence of target gene and its deduced amino acid sequence to compare with standard sequence of IsdD could reach above 98%. SDS-PAGE analysis results indicated the recombinant IsdD protein of 61.3 ku was successfully expressed by E.coli BL21 induced with IPTG. The results obtained in this report provide important basis for further study on structure and function of the IsdD protein.

Metagenomics based on study of ecological community gene function is a brand-new discipline. It tries to use culture-independent approaches,and it offers enormous scope and potential for microbiology. It comprises isolation of DNA,library construction and screening of target gene clone,and can be used in the discovery of new gene and biocatalysts and in the study of microbial biodiversity in a community.The methodology of metagenomics and the application of metagenomics in rumen have been briefly summarized.

Predicting and analysising the properties of HP-PRRSV BJSD and BJPG sequence,which will prepare for further study of this strain. Molecular biology software and server are used to analysis the complete sequence of HP-PRRSV BJSD and BJPG strain,the biochemistry properties,solubility of various structural proteins and nuclear location singal (NLS). The results show that there are 12 non-structural and 6 structual protein at least in HP-PRRSV BJSD and BJPG. When we compare different protein homology,we found that GP3 and GP5 are high mutant,M and N are conservative. The protein glycosylation site of GP3,GP5 and M are different from the reference strains,but GP2,GP4 and N are the same. Server shows that biochemical characteristics of GP2,M and N protein of BJSD and BJPG strains is identical,the ratio of alkaline amino acid of N is higher than GP2 and M,and the total average hydrophilic value obviously lower than other proteins. GP2,GP3 and GP4 are unstable; GP5,M and N are opposite. The solubility of all proteins of BJSD and BJPG strains is consistent but GP3 and GP5 has somewhat different. Prediction of 6 structural protein insoluble probability are accounted for more than 66 percent,GP3 is highest. The nuclear localization of structural proteins of BJSD and BJPG strains show that distribution of all proteins is identical but GP3 and GP5. The properties of above strains can pave the way for the diagnosis and treatment of PRRS.

Five sulfonamides residues in pork were determined by HPLC. The influences of mobile phase, SPE column and elution rate on the experiment were discussed on the basis of Appendix E, NY5029-2001. Five sulfonamides residues could be separated efficiently when the proportion of methanol to acetonitrile to 2.2% acetic acid solution was 15∶15∶70 with SB C18 column. Considerable recovery and experimental accuracy could be obtained when the Waters alumina B SPE column was employed and the elution rate was controlled.

The partial sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) env gene was cloned by PCR in Anhui province, which was named as ALV-J-env1. And we compared ALV-J-env1 with the partial sequence of eight ALV-J env genes in the GenBank database. The results showed that ALV-J infection in Wuhua chicken was found in Anhui province. Alignment of nine gene sequences of ALV-J env, the homology between ALV-J-env1 and the other sequences ranged from 94.2% to 96.6%. The result revealed that the env gene from different strains had the mutation at nucleotide sequence. However, the highest homology with ALV-J-env1 were HQ425636 and HM235665 gene sequences isolated from strains in China, and they gathered together in the evolutionary tree, indicating a close genetic relationship, and they evolved from common strains. The lowest homology with ALV-J-env1 was the gene sequence of AY312965 isolated from Malaysia, it could be further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis.

Artificial insemination (AI) is the most widely used biotechnology for genetic improvement through banks of frozen spermatozoa in bull. However, the genetic impact in the AI industry is limited by the efficiencies of semen production, 40% to 50% of viable sperm lose their integrity or functionality during the freezing-thawing process. Based on the literature from home and abroad in recent years, the article explained the effects and mechanism of frozen-thawed on spermatozoa, the influence of seminal plasma on bull frozen sperm quality, the peroxide damage and the protein and gene changes during frozen-thaw. The aim was to provide a reference for research of bull high quality semen and further promote the frozen semen quality.

193 Guangxi Xinlin and Fuzhong buffalo blood samples were collected in this study. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was employed to exam the serum transferring (Tf),serum albumin (Alb),and amylase (Amy). The genotype,frequency of genotype,and genetic variation coefficient were analyzed. The results showed that Tf^A and Tf^D alleles were found in Xilin and Fuzhong buffalo,the gene frequency of Tf^D＞Tf^A. Tf^D was dominant genes and DD was dominant genotype in two buffaloes. There were Alb^A and Alb^X alleles in two buffaloes and the gene frequency of Alb^X＞Alb^A. Meanwhile,Xilin buffalo had a higher XX and lower AX genotypes comparing with Fuzhong buffalo,respectively. There were six genotypes of AA,AB,BB,BC,AC,and CC which were controlled by three alleles of Amy^A,Amy^B,and Amy^C,respectively. Amy^A and AC were a dominant gene and genotype in Amy Ⅰ and Amy Ⅱ,respectively. Three proteins were not sex specific and the variants were a little.

Yuxi fat-tailed sheep in Hennan were used to investigate the polymorphism of hemoglobin(Hb),transferrins(Tf),erythrocyte proteins(Ep),preceding-album(Pa) and arylesterase (Es) by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) .The results showed that there were three genetypes including HbAA, HbAB, HbBB on the locus of hemoglobin which were controlled by two allelic genes Hb^A and Hb^B in Yuxi fat-tailed sheep populations. The genotypic frequency of HbAA, HbAB, HbBB were 0.0571, 0.6286, 0.3143. The gene frequency of Hb^A and Hb^B were 0.3714 and 0.6286. There were three gene types including TfAA, TfAB, TfBB on the locus of transferrins which were controlled by two allelic genes Tf^Aand Tf^B in Yuxi fat-tailed sheep populations. The genotypic frequency of TfAA, TfAB, TfBB were 0.2000, 0.2545, 0.5455. The gene frequency of Tf^A and Tf^B were 0.3273 and 0.6727. The research discovered that it had examined the multi-state properties in the Ep gene place, it had the EpAA and the EpAa two genetypes. The genotypic frequency of EpAA, EpAa were 0.4286 and 0.5714. The gene frequency of Ep^A and Ep^a were 0.7143, 0.2857. The results showed that the Yuxi fat-tailed sheep Es loci had two alleles that Es⁺ and Es^-, and the Es⁺ and Es^- gene frequency 0.5500 and 0.4500 for the other, there were three kinds genotypes of Es⁺⁺, Es^+-, Es^--, the frequency were 0.4250, 0.2500, and 0.3250, respectively. The research discovered that it had not examined the multi-state properties in the preceding-album gene place.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of different doses of raffinose on post-thawed sheep spermatozoa quality. Ejaculates collected from 10 healthy Ujumqin sheeps were evaluated and pooled at 37 ℃. Semen samples were divided equally into 5 groups, then diluted with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mmol/L of different concentrations of raffinose and frozen in 0.25 mL French straws. Frozen straws were thawed individually at 37 ℃ for 15 s in a water bath for microscopic evaluation and then detected the activity of SOD, GSH, MDA, GSH-Px and CAT. The results showed that, compared to the control groups, when the addition of raffinose was 15 mmol/L, sperm motilities were increased significantly (P＜0.05), abnormal sperm rate was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), host rate was increased significantly (P＜0.05), the enzyme activity of SOD significantly improved (P＜0.05), MDA was decreased significantly (P＜0.05).

The genetic polymorphisms in perilipin(PLIN) gene were detected by PCR-RFLP method in five Shandong local chickens and one breeding strain including Jining Bairi chicken, Wenshang Luhua chicken et al, the correlations between the SNP loci and the carcass and fatness traits were analyzed. As a result, an G→T mutation of Pst Ⅰ restricton site at 2224 bp in PLIN gene was firstly identified in the six populations. Two genotypes (A1A1 and A1A2) were detected, and the allele A1 was predominant in all the six experimental populations. The statistical analysis showed that the 2224 bp polymorphism locus was not association with carcass and fatness traits (P＞0.05)。The chickens with A1A1 genotype had higher carcass and fatness trait means than chickens with A1A2 genotype, but no significant difference was found between them (P＞0.05). The results of this research showed that the 2224 bp polymorphism locus in chicken PLIN wasn't an effective marker for carcass and fatness traits in chickens.

To screen the reproductive traits significantly associated with reproductive performances of outbred Wuzhishan mini-pigs(WZSP), 10 reproductive traits of 45 gilts were determined and analyzed with multiple regression and path coefficient analysis. The traits were as following: total number of piglets born (X1), number born alive (X2), litter weight (X3) and average weight at birth (X4), number alive (X5) and litter weight (X6) and average weight at 21 days (X7), number weaned(X8), weaning average weight (X9) and weight of litter (Y). The results showed that most reproductive traits of outbred WZSP had positive correlations between each other except three pairs of traits showing weak negative correlation. The equation for estimating weaning weight of litter and 10 reproductive traits factor structure of three grades were established by the multiple regression analysis. The equation was Y=－4.98690－2.61933X5+ 1.13628X6－7.55296X7+3.33048X8+6.74545X9. X5 to X9 showed significant direct impacts on weaning weight of litter by path analysis which analyzed the direct and indirect effects of relevant properties. Conclusion can be drawn that sow lactation power and nutrition had significant effect on reproductive performances while the born reproductive traits showed weak correlation with reproductive performances.

The author performed the comparative analysis of TIMP3 gene in different tissues and in skeletal muscles at different periods from Landrace and Tongcheng pigs by Quantification PCR (QPCR). The results showed that TIMP3 gene was widely expressed in all tissues examined, exhibiting similar spatial expression pattern in both pig breeds except in leg and pancreas. The gene was most highly expressed in lung and uterus, moderately expressed in skeletal muscle, spleen and stomach, and least expressed in intestine, heart. Moreover, it had been also showed that TIMP3 exhibited different expression patterns, a greater range of high-level in Tongcheng than Landrace pigs, although it showed a significant higher expression level in gestation than after birth in both pig breeds. These results suggested that TIMP3 is potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development asynchronization and influence meat production traits in different pig breeds.

It had compared reproductive performance of Sutai pigs with different litters,as well as shown relationships between some parameters in gilts,such as birth weight,weaning weight (35 days),4 month weight and 6 month weight,and their reproductive performance. The study aimed to further understanding of the Sutai pigs' reproductive performance,and to guide the selection of gilts. The results showed that both litter size and survival rate of primiparous sows were lowest in subsequent parities (up to parity 6) when litter 4 had the highest survival rate. Reproductive performance of sows had been stabilized at a higher level from litter 3,which could be an important basis in eliminating gilts. Sutai gilts' weaning weight (35 days) had significant effect on both 4 month weight and 6 month weight. 6 month weight was also significantly influenced by 4 month weight. However,the relationship between early performance in sows and their subsequent reproductive performance was not significant. Therefore it was much economical of selecting gilts with little weaning weight (35 days) than others.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is causative pathogen of infectious bronchitis (IB), an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens, the infectious bronchitis virus has many serotypes and is easy to mutate, which has caused the difficulty for the disease's prevention, and impeded the development of poultry industry. This paper reviewed etiology, pathogenesis of the IBV in order to provide evidence for IB prevention and control.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs) and CTX-M genes among Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals.A total of 1273 E. coli (707 from healthy animals and 566 from sick animals) isolated from food-producing animals,including pigs,chickens and ducks. ESBLs-producing isolates were screened by the double-disk synergy test. PCR was performed to amplify CTX-M genes among ESBL-producing isolates. ESBLs production was detected by the screening method for 181(14.2%) of the 1273 isolates. The percentage of ESBLs production in isolates from sick animals (19.9%) was higher than isolates from healthy animals (10.3%). In 181 ESBLs-producing strains,151 isolates (83.4%),representing 11.8% of the total E. coli isolates,harbored the CTX-M type β-lactamases. High prevalence of ESBL and CTM-M genes were found in E.coli isolates from food-producing animals. CTX-M genes were the main type of ESBLs in E.coli isolates from food-producing animals.

On the base of gE and gB gene design two primers to distinguish vaccine strains and wild strains.Using this PCR method to detect PRV, PCV2, PPV, PEDV, PRRSV and only PRV could be detected.Using this method to make etiology survey in Jilin province, 32 cases were detected as pseudorabies rabies virus infection in 205 cases,the positive rate was 15.6%.

Two bacteria strains of pathogen were isolated and identified from the pigling sent by the pig farm by autopsy,both of gram-positive bacteria,globular. Further biochemical identifications and hemolysis indicate that the two bacteria strains of pathogen are swine streptococcosis. The two highly sensitive drugs which are screened by the drug sensitive tests have good results in clinical application. Combing with the epidemiological studies,clinical symptoms,pathoanatomical results and the isolation and identification of the pathogen of the sudden death syndrome of the pig from the farm,we draw the conclusion that the main cause of the sudden death syndrome of the sika pig are swine streptococcosis.

Cytokine has some unique and effective advantages on control of bovine mastitis, in view of its manipulation and regulation on immune function of the breast. The biological activity, mechanism and characteristics of cytokines were summarized in this paper, and then focus on the application of recombinant cytokines in prevention for milk cow mastitis, so to provide a safety, effective and practical means of biological control for bovine mastitis.

To investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis and immune responses caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV),pigs were experimentally infected with CSFV strain in this study. Inoculated pigs were studied for their humoral and cell-mediated immunity to the virus,using FACS on cytokine marker strained lymphocytes,blocking ELISA and leukocyte count. Pathogenesis evaluation on various tissues and organs were conducted for the pathogenesis of CSFV. Results showed that percentages of CD3^＋,CD4^＋lymphocytes significantly decreased in the infected group,while there was an increase in the percentage of CD8^＋ lymphocytes in laer period of infection. The level of ELISA antibody of CSFV increased from 7 to 14 days after challenge,but the situation of animals did not get better. Total WBC dropped in the experimentally infected pigs during the experiment. Pathological observations demonstrated various degree lesions,bleeding and necrosis in the most of organs from the infected pigs,such as lung,kidney,tonsil and lymph nodes. Those results indicated that CSFV infection would affect innate and adaptive immune responses and cause pathological lesions in the infected pigs.

The present study isolated and identified 294 Escherichia coli strains from food-producing animals, for investigating resistance of E.coli strains to kinds of antimicrobials. Susceptibility of 294 isolates to 14 antimicrobials was determined by agar dilution method. Results showed that the resistance frequency of different antimicrobials was varied, and multiple resistance was notable. The frequency of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/TMP resistance were the highest, both above 80%. Resistance rate of third-generation cephalosporins was lower relatively.

The purpose of this paper is to study biochemical characteristics, drug sensitivity, serotype and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli. The geese from a farm in Jiangsu province had a symptom of dyspnea and high mortality. The autopsy shows air sac inflammation and pulmonary necrosis. One strain was isolated, cultured, stained and tested by microscopy, biochemical identified. The result showed that the isolate was Escherichia coli, agglutination test showed that its serotype was O₂. After microscopic examination of lung nodules tablet, fungal hyphae was no found. 10 sick pigeon and 10 health pigeons were detected respectively for Newcastle disease antibodies, the result demonstrated that the titre was high and uniformity was good and there was no difference between the two antibodies. Sensitive test showed that 7 kinds of drugs such as Florfenicol were sensitive and other 16 drugs such as Cefamezin had drug resistance. The isolated strains were injected 21 days old pigeons, caused 80% mortality. The results show that the isolate has strong pathogenicity.

For understanding epidemics dynamic,vaccine immune status and disease control effect of the scale goats farm,the breeding goat farm and free-range raising farm. We do major epidemiologically investigate and etiologically detect for epidemic disease in the Zunyi,Liupanshui,Bijie southeast of the Guizhou province from 2007 to 2010. Providing a evidence for the next step of flocks epidemics counter-measures decision-making.The result showed that the average antibody positive rate of FMD typeⅠ,FMD type O,inapparent infection of FMD,Brucella,and GPV was 58.85%, 47.83%, 10.39%, 7.67%, 90.00% in the nine districts;contemporary we detected the GPV,lamb colibacillosis,Staphylococcus aureus disease and mange mite disease etc,above data showed that although strengthen the immune antibody titer prevention and control,but is still low,and mixed infection bacterial disease common see,that become the a link cannot be neglected in goats epidemic prevention.

For qualitative risk assessment of classical swine fever(CSF) outbreak in China,this study used the risk analysis method of animal disease to qualitative analyze the pathogenic characteristics, infection sources, transmission patterns, suscep-tible animals, the effect of prevention and control measures of CSF in China, by analyzing domestic and foreign data of CSF. The results indicated that the outbreak risk of CSF was existing across the country. Due to the implementation of the compulsory vaccination policy, the probability of CSF pandemic is very low, but the local and spotting outbreak is high risk in China. Vaccination is still important to prevent and control CSF at this stage.

A sand tiger shark died from verminosis at Harbin Sun Asia Polar Park in August 1^st 2007. The parasites obtained from cardiac muscle cysts and intestines are Acanthocephalan (Koelreuther, 1771) by analysis. There is no report about this disease in shark in nation before.

To explore the infection of PCV2 in Yunnan province,2974 blood samples were collected from pig which had not been inoculated with PCV2 vaccine in parts of Yunnan province from 2006 to 2010, then serology detection was performed though indirect ELISA. PCV2 total serpositive rate in 5 years which we were detected was 42.04%, and basically, increasing year by year. Compared with the commercial pigs, breeding pigs in the PCV2 positive rate was relatively high. The results showed that infection of PCV2 was severely in pig farms of Yunnan province.

Binding to the cellular receptor is the first step of the virus' infection. The structure of the receptor and the way of bonding to virus were drew much attention of researchers. The research of cellular receptor offered scientific basis and direction to interpret the pathogenic mechanism of virus. In this paper, several ways of researching the cellular receptor were introduced and campared systematically, to offer certain reference of related research work.

The article introduces Canadian control agencies and administration measures about veterinary antimicrobial resistance, for the reference of policies establishment and measures performance about veterinary antimicrobial resistance in China.

The experiment studied the effect of different heat mode on the growth performance of kit at the age of seven-day old. The trial selected one-hundred fifty one-year old female mink with average body weight 1084.2 g±169.6 g, randomly divided into five groups, thirty female mink within one group, control group (without heat and cage structure), trial group Ⅰ (to heat 19 ℃ at the bottm of nest), trial group Ⅱ (to heat 15℃ at the bottm of nest), trial group Ⅲ (to heat 10 ℃ at the bottom of cage structure), trial group Ⅳ (cage structure without heating, <10 ℃), respectively. The results indicated that at the parturition, it had important effect of outside temperature on the survival of kit. It had no significant difference in litter of kit, survival kit in birth, survival rate of birth, survival kit within seven-day (P>0.1) in different group, but it had significantly different in survival rate of seven-day (P<0.01) and seven-day survival rate of Ⅰ group was obviously higher than that of trial Ⅲ group, while had no significant different in every group, but higher than the other groups. The gestion day of Ⅲ group was obviously longer than that of the other groups (P<0.01), while it had not significant different in the other groups. The litter assembly in Ⅰ and Ⅱ group was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The litter mix in Ⅰ group was the highest (26.34%) in all groups. The litter dispersion in Ⅳ group was the lowest (4.55%) in all groups. The Kit-retrieval time in control group was the shortest (5.24 s) in all groups. In a word, the heat way at the bottom of nest exceed that of cage structure. When to heat 19 ℃ at the bottom of nest, it was beneficial to kit survival.

To establish a quality control standard for Huangbai oral liquid,Rhizoma coptidis, Flos lonicerae ,Radix scutellariae and charred radix sanguisorbae were identified by TLC. Content of Berberine hydrochloride and Baicalin were determinated by HPLC. The results showed that the TLC identification was highly specific and the spots were clear and focused with good reproducibility . The calibration curve of Berberine hydrochloride was linear in the range of 0.139 to 0.834 μg(R²＝0.9999). The average recovery rate was 97.04%, RSD＝0.97%(n＝6). The calibration curve of Baicalin was linear in the range of 0.235 to 1.41 μg(R²＝0.9999). The average recovery rate was 97.64% , RSD＝0.71%(n＝6). The quality of the preparation could be controlled by qualitative identification of Coptis, honeysuckle, Scutellaria , Sanguisorba carbon and content determination of Berberine hydrochloride and Berberine.

The cultivation of GN52 strain of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) in improved yeast medium using liquid fermentation devices was researched. Explore Riemerella anatipestifer's growth rhythm, culture method, the optimum time for acquisition as well as the best condition for inactivation via coloration and microscopic examination, viable count, measurement of D_{450 nm} and pH value, etc. The results indicated that during the cultivation of RA the pH value stayed stable; the number of viable bacteria peaked at 320 million-350 million CFU/mL after fermenting for 20 hours at 37 ℃; inactivate Ag for 18 hours at 37 ℃ by 0.3% methanal was optimum; there was kind of functional relation between D_{450 nm} and the number of viable bacteria, the latter could be reckoned through measuring D_{450 nm} of RA liquid culture medium.

Lameness is the second frequency reason for sows culling,which is less frequency than reproductive problems. Sows' early removals from breeding herds for lameness creates considerable economic loss,which is also concerned by animal walfare. Lameness could be prevented by gilt development,suitable facility and nutrient. The review focuses sow's lameness on four points: reason,clinical examination,treatment,preventment and controlling measures.