The primer was designed based on forkhead transcription factor 2(FOXL2), according to the sequence which was submitted on GenBank. A recombinant plasmid contained cDNA fragment of FOXL2 gene was constructed and used for the standard substance for quantitative detection of mRNA of the FOXL2 gene of Holstein, a Real-time PCR was developed for detection of FOXL2 gene. The results revealed this method had a good specificity, and the sensitivity was up to 10¹, range from 10¹ to 10⁶. The cutoff value Ct had a good linear correlation with PCR samples. This method can detecte FOXL2 gene in bovine quantitatively.

The biocharacteristics of Nsp10 of HP-PRRSV were analyzed which in basis to express it and establish the ELISA method. BioEdit,DNAStar,PsortⅡ,SignalP,TMHMM,ProtFun,Clustal_1.81,Mega software packages were used to predict the physical and chemical properties,hydrophilicity,signal peptide,transmembrane,surface probability plot,antigenic index,secondary structure,subcellular localization and homology within the amino acid sequences of Nsp10. The predicted molecular weight was 26.38 ku and pI was 8.93. It was a stable protein and had no signal peptide and transmembrane. The study showed that Nsp10 possessed potential antigenicity and it mainly exerted the biological effects in the cytoplasm. The results showed that Nsp10 protein had highly homology with other PRRSV strain which selected. Nsp10 protein was a soluble protein with good conservatism and antigenicity. It can be a target protein used as coating antigen for ELISA detection.

In order to obtain higher electrotransformation efficiency of pW425et-Vp4 engineering Lactobacillus, studied and researched the major factors which effected the electrotransformation efficiency. The results showed the optimal values for the D_{600 nm}of competent cell, concentration of glycine and of sucrose, the electrical field strength, the pulse time and the length of revival were 0.4, 1% (W/V), 0.3 mol/L, 11 kV/cm, 3.8 ms and 3 to 4 h, respectively, best electroporation efficiency was3.8×10⁴ CFU/μg DNA.

To develop a duplex PCR detection kit for gosling plague(GP) and gosling new type viral enteritis (NGVE), and observe the effects of clinical appliance. The gene sequences of gosling plague virus(GPV) and gosling new type viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) was chosen to design the species-specific primers. The PCR amplification conditions were optimized and series of tests were conducted respectively in the specificity, sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and stored period of the kit, and expanded clinical trials were also carried out. This kit could specifically amplify the expected 375 bp DNA fragment of GPV virus and 223 bp DNA fragment of NGVEV. There was no cross-reaction with other virus, such as DPV, GPMV, NGVEV and GPV. It was able to detect the presence of GPV as low as 10⁴ELD₅₀/mL and NGVEV as low as 2.5×10^-1ELD₅₀. The test results of different batches of kits of the same sample were consistent. The kit worked well after being stored at room temperature for at least six months. Its effect of clinical application was significant. The results turned out that this duplex PCR detection kit could provide a means for early diagnosis, epidemiological investigation and quarantine of GP and NGVE.

To isolate and identify porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)strains,and investigate its' characteristic of vitro propagation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized in this study to detect the specimens of suspected PMWS cases collected from Shangdong, Shangxi, Beijing and Hebei province, the positive samples were dealt with and inoculated into the PCV-free PK15A cells which were then propagate continuously to isolate PCV2 strains. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was examined each time and the cultures of the 3rd time were identified by PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The genome of each isolates were then cloned and sequenced. The sequence was submitted to the GenBank. Based on the sequence phylogenetic tree analysis was made too, subsequently these PCV2 strains' characteristic of vitro propagation were studied by propagated continuously to the 20^th generation, and the 5^th, 10^th,15^th and 20^th generation's titer known as 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀) were detected. These results showed that there were five strains of PCV2 were isolated and identified named PCV2 DBN-SD02,DBN-SX07,DBN-BJ08, DBN-HB12 and DBN-HB13 respectively, and the GenBank submission number were FJ660967, FJ660968, FJ660969, FJ660970,FJ660971,respectively. The genome of five isolates was all 1767 bp. Four of five isolates were belong to the PCV2b genotype and share a 98.5%-99.7% identity except PCV2 DBN-BJ08 strain which belong to the PCV2a genotype. The vitro propagation study showed that the TCID₅₀ increase obviously with the times of propagation.

The mature peptide coding sequence of xylanase gene xyn (555 bp) was amplified by RT-PCR from Aspergillus niger GIM 3.36 total RNA extracts. It was subcloned into different locations of the eukaryotic expressing plasmid vector pcDNA6/His^TM A. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA-spna and pcDNA-spnb was identified by PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The result showed that the recombinant plasmids were constructed correctly. Meanwhile, the PK15 cells were transfected with pcDNA-spna and pcDNA-spnb by cationic liposome, and the mRNA of the target gene was determined by RT-PCR. The maximum yield of the recombinant xylanase (transfected pcDNA-spna) in cell culture medium was 8.53 U/mL and higher 24% the recombinant xylanase 6.87 U/mL (transfected pcDNA-spnb). To achieve the purpose that microbiology secrete expression in mammalian cells and provided basis for using xyn gene to transgenic.

The VP7 gene fragment was cloned to the vector pFastBacHTB. The recombinant plasmid pFastBacHTB-AHSV-VP7 was constructed and was identified by PCR and enzyme digestion and sequenced. Then the plasmid pFastHTB-AHSV-VP7 was transformed into DH10Bac complement cells. It was identified by antibiotics and PCR, it showed the recombinant plasmid pFastBacHTB-AHSV-VP7 was constructed. On this basis, transposition bacmid DNA was extracted to transfect Sf9 insect cells.After transfected 96 hours, baculovirus was harvested.Then the Western blotting showed that the recombinant VP7 was expressed in insecet cells.The recombinant VP7 protein had a good biological activity and was approximate 45 ku. It is a base to construct a ELISA kit to test AHSV antibody and to prepare monoclonal antibody.

According to the highly conserved fimY gene of Salmonella, reported in the GenBank, by primer explorer V4 softward, one set primer including four primers ,were designed and the method for detecting the Salmonella with LAMP was developed after optimizing the reaction conditions. The results showed that the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 6.2 CFU/mL which was 100-fold higher than that of PCR. The test results of 24 samples by LAMP method was fully consistent with these by the national standard method. The results showed the LAMP method is more reliable and convenient for rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of Salmonella.

This study aimed to clone cDNA of Myostatin of Laoshan dairy goat,and to construct Myostatin eukaryotic expression vector,analyzing its expression in the fibroblast cells. RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle and then reverse transcripted into cDNA. Myostatin was amplified by nested PCR. Myostatin was cloned into pcDNA3.1 to synthesize an eukaryotic expression vector,pcDNA-MSTN and its expression was detected by RT-PCR after transfected into the fibroblast cells. The results showed that the sequence of the full length cDNA of Myostatin gene of Laoshan dairy goat was similar with other species of goats and GenBank accession number was GU377303.1. The expression of Myostatin was significantly increased as detected by RT-PCR in fibroblast cells transfected with the expression vector. The study provided a basis for further study of the biological function of Myostatin and transgenic goat.

Salmonella can not only be used as vaccines but also an ideal vaccine vector, it has been a wide range of medical and veterinary importance. Salmonella can be made by means of mucosal immune (oral or nasal), easy operation and little irritation of the vaccination. In addition, Salmonella is an invasion of intracellular, effectively presenting antigens to stimulate anti-Salmonella and induce foreign protein specific humoral immune response and cellular immune response, and can also induce mucosal immunity and systemic immunity. As new vaccines to provide a reference, this review mechanism of Salmonella invasion, the immune mechanism and its application status in vaccine.

With the life science research entering into the post-genome period, the proteomics considered as an important technique has been a new pathway to screen the special protein biomarkers and study the mechanism of the enormous diseases. The paper reviewed the research methods and contents of proteomics, the progress of its application in life sciences, and discussed its application prospect in TCVM.

The pollutant of the residues of pesticides and veterinary drug have threaten the environment and human health,the safty of the quality of agriculture products is more and more serious,so the convenient,cheep and fast technology of detecting residues must be developed urgently. At present,many researches on pesticide and veterinary drug residues have been significantly developed in domestic and international countries,obtained various of detection methods which are suit for multi-residue of pesticides and veterinary drugs. The development and application of instrumental analysis,immunoassays in detection pesticides and veterinary drug were reviewed in this study. The limitations and prospects of detection methods were also discussed.

Samples containing enramycin were determinated by the double disk method with Bacillus subtilis as test microorganism and antibiotics standardization medium Ⅱ.The determination conditions were optimized through the investigations of extraction solution composition, extraction time and the concentrations of Bacillus subtilis. The linearity of the dose-response relationship was analysised upon it, and the accuracy of the method was checked. The results showed that the optimum deternmination conditions were acidic acetone solution B and 80 min for extraction. The calibration curve was linear within the range from 0.56 to 35.79 U/mL between the logarithm of concentration and the diameter of inhibition zone with the 10⁶ spores /mL of test microorganism constration,the correlation coefficient was 0.9960.The proposed method has been applied to the determination of samples containing enramycin. The recoveries was 95.90%,relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.95%. This method applies to the detection of enramycin sample.

Ctrinin widespread in moldy feed and food with red fragment from monascus strains,is a kind fungi metabolites and is harmful to human and animal. This review summarized domestic and foreign reports on Citrinin in recent years. Aim to provide a basis for citrinin detection,precautions and poisoning diagnosis,toxicity of Citrinin in vitro and in vivo and its detection methods commonly used were overviewed.

The glutathione S-transferase gene of Fasciola hepatica was amplified and its homology was analyzed. According to the published genomic sequence of Fh GST in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed and the open reading frame of GST gene of Fasciola hepatica was amplified by RT-PCR. The homology of GST gene was analyzed by molecular biological soft. The PCR analysis results showed that the Fh GST gene was 682 bp, and encoded 218 amino acid. It indicated that the Fh GST gene was highly homologous with Fasciola hepatica isolated from Australia, Fasciola gigantica and Paragonimus westermani. Because of the high homology of the GST gene of different parasite, it could not be used in diagnosis assay with Fh GST protein, but could be used in gene vaccine.The clone of Fh GST gene had advantages to investigate the function and effect of GST protein.

Hybridization techniques have made mouse monoclonal antibody widely use in diagnosis and research of human disease, and established the first milestone of therapeutic antibody. With the biology development and antibody genetic structure clarification, people can humanize mouse antibody with DNA recombination and antibody library which developed antibody techniques from chimeric and reshaped to human antibody. Both humanized monoclonal antibody and its derivative overcome the clinical shortage of mouse antibody from different angles, also bring a new dawn to made antibody.

Glycolysis exists in various organisms. It is the major energetic process in apicomplexan parasites. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) plays an important role in glycolysis,which closely related to the survival of parasites. GAPDH is proposed to be a potential target for antiparasitic drugs. This review will focus on glycolysis and the genetic analysis,mechanism and application of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Apicomplexa.

The significance of extracellular enzyme has aroused extensive concern in recent years,become the most active research areas. This article makes a summary on its research advances.

The level of milk protein is an important factor for evaluating milk quality. In this paper, the synthesis, transportation and utilization of amino acid in the mammary gland, liver, small intestine and rumen are described for improving milk protein content and production.

To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine additive(TCMA) on Wenchang chicken. 180 female Wenchang chicken for a test of 6 weeks were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replications each,each replication contain 12 chicken. Diets containing 0,600 mg aureomycin,0.1%,0.2% and 0.3% TCMA/kg were fed to group 1,group 2,goup 3,group 4 and group 5,respectively. Bodyweight and feed intake of chicken in same replication were measured per 7 days. At the age of 35 and 56 days,6 chicken with closed body weight from each group were slaughtered quickly to get pancreas and content of duodenum. Trypsinase activity and amylase activity of content of duodenum were measured. Results showed that,the daily weight gain of Wenchang chicken was improved significantly in the group containing 0.2% TCMA (P<0.05);trypsinase activity of the 0.2% TCMA group was improved(P>0.05) and the amylase activity of content of duodenum was increased significantly both in 0.2% TCMA group and 0.3% TCMA group (P<0.05).Therefore,trypsinase activity and amylase activity of content of duodenum can be improved by TCMA,a dose of 0.2% of the TCMA was suitable for Wenchang chicken.

Mycotoxin reduced animal production performance, brings serious threat to human health.In present, the method of reduce the toxicity of mycotoxin launched in-depth research. This acticle summarized from the research achievements of the method and mechanism of reducing the toxicity of mycotoxin.

To study effect of different Cellulolytic bacteria in daily ration on the production performance of geese,64 Nong'an local geese with 0-day-old were selected. The experimental geese were divided into four groups,each group 16. From 0-day-old on the cellulose decomposing bacteria was fed to test group once every three days, feeding amount of 10⁹ CFU/mL. Cellulolytic bacteria: isolated from goose tract Cellulolytic bacterium Bacillus amplification (A group), isolated from termite gut Cellulolytic Bacterium Bacillus Amplification (B group); isolated from cow dung fiber amplification of Bacillus Decomposing Bacteria (C group). Control group was fed the same amount of distilled water instead. The results showed that A, B, C bacteria can increase goose daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion was significantly reduced. B bacteria was better, A bacteria followed, C bacteria was poor.

To provide seed cells for breeding genetically modified beef cattle and to enrich multi-differentiation potential of the bovine BMSC, immunofluorescence staining and molecular biology technology were used to explore the possibility of BMSC differentiating into mammary gland-like epithelial cells in vitro in the presence of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, prolactin, progesterone and so on. Purified and stable P4, P8 and P12 generation bovine BMSC were utilized to induce in vitro in medium with different cytokines and different concentrations. We used immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to observate and identify the cells after inducing. The results suggested that some BMSC changed from Spindle-like cells into polygon-like cells after induction;meanwhile they were clearly showed fluorescence by cytokeratin 18 staining. The bovine P4 generation BMSC remarkably differentiated under the action of induction medium Ⅱ. RT-PCR results demonstrated that cells after induction clearly expressed cytokeratin 19 gene, β-casein gene and αs1-casein gene. Consequently, BMSC can differentiate into mammary gland-like epithelial cells by using multi-factor to induce in vitro and the induction medium Ⅱshow good effects.

PrP^Sc is the misfording of the normal cellular form of the prion protein(PrP^C), They are coincidence between Amino Acid sequence, PrP^Sc has a high β-sheet content, while PrP^c is abundant on α-helical structure. Scientists have not study the function clearly. During the process of people and animal infect with or get PrP, Most scientists think some important cofactors influence pathological change such as the structure change of PrP^c , spread of PrP^Sc, and PrP^Sc leads to the dead of nerve cell, so researching of this cofactors will help us to explain this questions, this cofactors consisit of many metal ions, such as Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺,Cu²⁺,Mn²⁺. We discribe the influence of metal ion on PrP struction and function, and they may be effect on the pathogenesy of TSEs.

To explore the protective effects and the possible defense mechanisms of Shenmai injection on acute lung injury(ALI), and provide a new therapeutic method and the data on clinic treatment to ALI. Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups of the control group, the oleic acid group and the Shenmai injection group, and each group was used the method of intravenous injection of oleic acid classic ALI modle. The expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in lung homogenate were examined meanwhile examining lung coeffcients, pathological section, ultrastructure each group of rats in lung tissue, and the histopathologieal change of lung tissue were observed. The results showed that the lung coeffcients markedly changes in ALI, the pathological of morphology and ultrastructure of lung tissue significantly reduce compared with the oleic acid group, and meanwhile the ICAM-1 and TNF-α expression of the Shenmai injection group increasingly increased compared with control group. Confirmed that Shenmai injection can lighten oleic acid induced ALI, and cut down the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in lung tissue. So it has a certain function to the early the ALI.

Osteoclast is a terminal cells, the separating cell training way is hardly satisfy the research needs because it can not obtain a lot of osteoclasts. Therefore,it is very important to establish culture model of osteoclast in vitro for osteoclast biology research. RANKL-RANK-OPG is the main regulating axis of osteoclast differentiation and mature, while RANK is the core of this regulating axis. Isolation culture of osteoclasts and RANK signaling in osteoclastogenesis have been viewed in this paper.

In order to study the regulation of recombinant leptin on endocrine metabolism of swine, recombinant leptin were used in this feeding experiment. The results showed that endocrines metabolism of swine were regulated by injected recombinant leptin. Injecting recombinant leptin with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight could regulate endocrines, content of serum insulin was remarkably reduced by 12% to 20% from the first to third week (P<0.05). Content of serum triiodothyronine(T3) were increased significantly from the first to the second week and the forth to sixth week (P<0.05). Tetraiodothyronine (T4) were increased significantly from the first to the third week (P<0.05). Growth hormone(GH) were all higher than control group after injected with recombinant leptin, increased by 9% to 25% from the first to forth week remarkably (P<0.05). Content of serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) was higher than control group from the first to the third week and was significantly increased by 9% to 16% (P<0.05). Compared with control group, intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight recombinant leptin, the percentage of lean meat was increased 6.70% and 7.30% (P<0.05), the percentage of fat was decreased 16.00% and 18.75% (P<0.05), backfat thickness was decreased 18.14% and 23.01% (P<0.05)and the leaf fat depot decreased 22.95% and 24.59% (P<0.05). Carcass characteristics of swine were not significantly difference by intraperitoneally injected recombinant leptin with 0.1 mg/kg body weight(P>0.05).

Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) signaling pathways exist in the majority of all living organisms'cells. They can be important signal transduction pathway for mammalian cells and can stimulate cell surface signal transduction from the cell to their nucleus. MAPKs are related to cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and apoptosis.When the organism heat stress occurs,MAPKs signaling pathways are activated,which can regulate and cause a series of changes about the biological function.In this review,we introduce that MAPKs signal transduction pathway activation mechanism and biological effects,with an emphasis on the relationship between MAPKs pathways and heat stress response.

In this study, the effects of heparin, caffeine, sodium pyruvate and BSA on the IVF of Yanbian yellow cattle oocytes were researched. The results showed that the quantum of supplementation of heparin was 20 μg/mL, the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and rate of fertilization were 82.52% and 75.34%, significantly higher than groupⅡ(P<0.05) and non-significantly higher than group Ⅲ(P>0.05); The quantum of supplementation of sodium pyruvate was 0.0025 g/mL, the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and rate of fertilization were 78.13% and 71.57%, significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05); The quantum of supplementation of BSA was 0.006 g/mL, the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and rate of fertilization were 80.78% and 71.44%, significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).

The M genes of 63 infectious bronchitis viruses strains isolated in China from 1993 to 2010 were cloned and sequenced by RT-PCR to investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic variation. Their sequences were also compared with those published in GenBank. The results showed that the nucleotide sequences of M gene had 6 different lengths. The nucleotide different in length resulted from insertion or deletion at the 5' terminus of M gene. There were 1 or 2 N-glycosylation site at the N terminus of M gene. The N-glycosylation site Asn-Cys-Thr was most conservative. The amino acid sequence similarities of M genes of 63 isolates were 87.2% to 100%. The amino acid sequence similarities of M genes of 63 isolates and referenced strains were 88.9% to 100%. 9 gentypes could be found among 63 IBV isolates in this study by the phylogenetic analysis. Most of IBV strains isolated in China from 2005 to 2010 were in different genotypes from vaccine strains of mass-genotype. The amino acid sequence similarities of M genes of the isolates from 2005 to 2010 and vaccine strains of mass-genotype were less than 94%.

Mito-Tracker Green and Real-time quantitative PCR were used to respectively detect the mitochondria distribution and mtDNA copy number of porcine parthenogenetic oocytes. The results showed that the distribution of mitochondria was uniform and dense in the every blastomere beginning from 2-cell embryo. The outside of the space in blastomeres was no distribution of mitochondria. Until the blastocyst formation, mitochondria were distributed in blastomeres. mtDNA copy number of 4-cell embryos was significantly higher than that of 8-cell embryos (907210.77±145520.77,186224.33±103308.00, P<0.05), and it was significantly lower than those of 2-cell embryos, molura and blastocyst (1563422.54±224666.51, 1697626.25±176999.53 and 1752301.29±101146.64, P<0.05). mtDNA copy number of parthenogenetic expanded blastocyst was 2812545.67±156819.31, which was the highest value of all different developmental embryos. In conclusion, mitochondrial distribution and mtDNA copy number changes could differ in the developmental process of parthenogenetic embryos.

In order to detect the peptides expression profile in follicles, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was used to establish a model of peptide expression profile and compare expression changes of peptides from small follicles ((? <4 mm), medium follicules (4 to 8 mm) and mature follicles (? >8 mm). The results indicated that there were 12 peptides to express significantly different among three shapes of follicles. 6 peptides increased and 5 peptides decreased in mature follicles. The 1746 u of peptide expressed specifically in mature follicles, which might be used as the one of the underlying biomarkers for follicles maturation.

The aim of this research was to understand the wild pig population genetic variation in different meat quality traits function genes. In this study, we chose MC4R gene (D298N G>A), RYR1 gene (c.1843 C>T),PRKAG3 gene (1849 G>A) and IGF2 gene(3072 G>A)mutation sites and used for genotyping by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP methods using 72 DNA from wild boar experimental animals. The results showed that in the RYR1 c.1843 C>T mutation site, CC genotype was the wild boar population dominant genotype, allele C was dominant gene within the wild boar population, no found TT genotype and RYR1 c.1843 C>T mutation site was not Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P<0.01 and P<0.05). The MC4R gene D298N G>A point mutation, GG genotype was the wild boar population dominant genotype, allele G was dominant gene within the wild boar population. With PCR-BsrB Ⅰ-RFLP used for detection wild boar population, GG genotype was dominant genotype,allele G was dominant gene, no found AA genotype. No variation was detected in wild boar populations for IGF2 gene 3072 G>A mutation. GG genotype was dominant genotype in wild boar population by sequencing validated. Furthermore, the population genetic analytic results showed that these mutation sites were Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05). It was concluded that the wild boar population had lower genetic variation and diversity and consistent with the breed characteristic.

In order to quicken breeding and exploitation of Guizhou Changshun Blue-shell chickens, PCR-SSCP and DNA sequence technology were used to analyze polymorphisms and association of estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) gene polymorphisms with egg quality from 124 Changshun Blue-shell chickens. The results showed that there were three kinds of genotypes(AA,AC and CC) in ESR1 gene resulted from A(-999)C, the distribution of genotypes deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P<0.05) by Chi square test,the difference among egg weight,egg shape index,egg yolk and albumen ratio,eggshell weight was not significant(P>0.05),whereas the difference of eggshell thickness between AA and AC genetypes was significant individuals of AA genotype could get better eggshell thickness, which might strengthen egg quality.

The thymus index, microstructure, ultrastructure, thymocyte apoptosis ratio and the expression of several thymic cytokines and apoptosis-associated protein genes of mouse thymus were studied by using light microscope, electron micros-copy, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR technique during estrogen-induced thymus atrophy in mouse. The results indicatedthat in estrogen administration mouse, the thymus index decreased greatly, whereas the thymocyte apoptosis ratio increased signally; the expression level of thymic cytokines TGF-β1 increased greatly, IL-6 increased slightly, while IL-7 decreased obviously; the expression level of apoptosis-associated protein genes Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and FADD increased significantly, FasL increased slightly, while Bcl-2 decreased greatly. The results revealed that thymus atrophy in mouse was induced by estrogen possibly through inhibiting thymic epithelial cell proliferation by regulating the thymic cytokines on the one hand, and promoting thymocyte apoptosis by activting the initiatory and executive stages of Caspase cascade and the Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis on the other hand.

The aim of this study was to discuss the polymorphisms in intron 4 of AQP7 gene in native and exotic pig breeds,and the results will provide useful scientific data to for further research on correlation between AQP7 gene and fat deposition traits. The distribution of PstⅠ polymorphisms in intron 4 of AQP7 gene were detected by PCR-RFLP among 42 Laiwu pigs,45 Licha pigs,31 Yimeng pig,55 Lulai pigs (Yorkshire × Laiwu),39 Duroc pigs,and 34 Yorkshire. The results indicated the genotypes of the AQP7 PstⅠ were GG,AG and AA from 6 populations. Allele G was dominant in Laiwu pig,Licha pig,Lulai pig,Duroc and Yorkshire,and allele A was dominant in Yimeng pig,respectively. A Chi-square analysis showed that Laiwu pig,Lulai pig,and Yimeng pig populations had reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), and Licha,Duroc and Yorkshire were unequilibrium (P<0.05). Distribution of GG,AG and AA genotypes was significantly (P<0.01) in 6 populations. Population genetic character analysis showed that effective number of alleles ranged from 0.3084 to 0.4953 and polymorphism information content (PIC)were between 0.2609 and 0.3726,being moderate polymorphic locus. The results showed that genotype distribution in AQP7 intron 4 was significantly different between native pig breeds,exotic pig breeds and cultivated pig breed,while allele A was useful allele for fat deposition still need to verify further.

The experiment was conduced to grope the electrical field strength and pulse width of porcine oocyte parthenogenetic and the effect of stage-culture method of osmotic pressure on parthenogentic embryo development. Afer 42 to 44 h of in vitro maturation, porcine oocytes were activated under the condition of 2.1, 2.3, 2.5 kV/mm and 30, 60, 90 μs, respectively. With using the parameter of 2.1 kV/mm and 30 μs for parthenogenetic activation, the oocytes were cultured in PZM-3 with the osmotic pressure of 271, 280, 290, 302 mOsm separately. Afer electrical activation, the oocyte were cultured in PZM-3 with 2 mmol/L 6-DMAP for 4 to 6 h and then cultured in PZM-3 without 6-DMAP for the last time. The results showed that there were no interaction between electrical field strength and pulse width(P＞0.05). When the pulse time is fixed, the cleavage rate at various electric field conditions were not significantly different(P＞0.05).When considering the electric field strength of 2.1 kV/mm and 2.5 kV/mm cleavage rate of pulse time 30 μs was significantly higher than 60 μs and 90 μs, but at the electric field strength of 2.3 kV/mm, there was no significant of cleavage rate (P＞0.05).

This paper studied ingredients and concentration of multiple-primer PCR by orthogonal design and removed interference primer by permutation and combination. Result demonstrated that we successed to set up the system of multiple-primer PCR in reaction system which included 2.5 μL 10×Buffer(100 mmol/L Tris-HCl,500 mmol/L KCl, pH=9.7),8 mmol/L DDT,2.6 mmol/L MgCl₂,0.8 mmol/L dNTP, 5% glycerol, 0.25% dimethy sulfoxide, 0.5% formamide and Taq polymerase 10 U. It could provide biology respond for interfering 11 pair primers. So it improved the efficiency of individual identification and superintend the marker of animal husbandry through against fake semen.

To identify serotype distribution of bovine Streptococcus agalactiae and its drug resistance to common antibiotics, so that the correct antibiotics was applied during clinical therapy, 78 local strains of Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from milk samples of dairy cow with clinical mastitis throughout the country. We prepared antigens for precipitation reaction and hyperimmune serum antibodies of 6 standard serotype Streptococcus agalactiae strains, then 78 local strains of Streptococcus agalactiae were identified by ring precipitation test and antibiotic resistance were analyzed. In China, the predominant serotype of Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine mastitis were X-type (60.26%),Ⅲ-type (10.26%), R-type (7.69%), Ⅱ-type (7.69%) andⅠb-type (5.13%) respectively. However, Ⅰa-type was not found. At present, Streptococcus agalactiae were sensitive to most clinical used antibiotics. The stronger inhibitory effect of the drugs to the bacteria were Cefazolin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Florfenicol, Polymyxin B, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Ceftazidime/Clavulanic acid. In contrast, Streptococcus agalactiae could resist the effect of Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Enrofloxacin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Cotrimoxazole, the resistance rate of the bacteria to these antibiotics was about 50% to 100%. This study is significant for further development of effective drugs, vaccines and clinical therapy.

The objective of this paper is to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of E.coli from yaks and identify their genetic relationship with human and other species of animals. A total of 60 anal swabs from healthy adult yaks in Ganzi andAba prefecture were collected and inoculated in MaConkey agar. Suspected colonies were further identified by morphological observation, cultural character, biochemical assays and 16S rRNA PCR detection, and 49 strains of E.coli were finally obtained. The 16S rRNA of 9 E.coli strains was cloned and sequenced, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that the homology was high up to 98.8% to 99.9% among yak-origin strains, while the homology with other strains in GenBank was 94.0% to 100%. The results in this paper indicate that the yak-origin E.coli strains have close genetic distance with strains from cattle, and have closer distance with the strains from human, pig, duck and chicken, and have farther distance with the caprine strains, in which two strains are gathered to one cluster with human enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) O₁₅₇∶H₇ and Shigella, and these two strains may be the potential pathogenic bacteria for human being.

To investigate the contamination,drug resistance and virulence of the pig-borne Salmonella in slaughter pigs,131 samples were collected directly from the intestine of slaughter pigs in a pig slaughterhouse in Nanning of Guangxi,randomly. And 45 Salmonella strains (34.35% positive),of which 14 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, 2 strains of Salmonella paratyphi and 3 strains of Salmonella enteritidis were isolated and characterized by differential medium and biochemical identification.The drug resistance of isolated strains was tested against antibacterial drugs by Kirby-Barer method, and all strains displayed drug resistance,but 44 strains (97.78%) were found to be the strain with multi-drug resistance. Among the 45 resistant strains of Salmonella isolates,40 strains (88.89%) were found to be pathogenic for mice. The results indicated that the Salmonella contamination in slaughter of pigs was evident in Nanning and drug resistant rate was very serious and had strong pathogenicity. In order to reduce the drug resistance pathogens and ensure pork and pork products food safety, it is necessary to take effective measures to control Salmonella contamination in pigs and reduce the use of antibiotics in animal feedstuffs.

507 sera from 25 pig farms and 26 flocks were collected and detected the antibody level by ELISA. The results from each flock were analyzed by the statistics methods. Three PRRS modes of pig flocks could be divided by the antibody distribution, clinical sign and pathogen contamination:①clinical health, no PRRSV contamination; ②clinical stable, PRRSV contamination;③clinical unstable, PRRSV contamination, without effective control measures. It was suggested that the indices of standard deviation, the greatest limited value and Box-and-Whisker Plot could be used for three modes' identification. The control measures for different mode were suggested.

To compare the treatment efficacy of Qinlian liquid with Baihu soup, the model of Qifen syndrome was founded through LPS injection intravenously in rabbit. Animal serum was collected before and after treatment with two formulas respectively, and IgG, IgM, IgA, SOD, MDA and T-AOC were detected successively. The results showed that there is no striking impact from Baihu soup to serum immunoglobulin and T-AOC in model animals, but SOD was decreased and MDA increased. Then, Qinlian liquid made IgG and IgM decrease, SOD increase, but T-AOC decrease, and MDA hold the line. These results indicated Baihu soup had more advantages than Qinlian liquid on immunoregulation and total antioxidant capacity, but Baihu soup was not as good as Qinlian liquid on SOD and MDA regulation.

Classical swine fever caused by classical swine fever virus is a high fever, bleeding as the main feature of the potent, highly contagious disease and still widely popular in China. Vaccination is the most fundamental methods of the disease prevention and control, in order to identify the immunization effects of classical swine fever in large-scale pig farms of Shanxi, the classical swine fever immune antibody of 465 breast-feeding pigs, 456 nursery pigs, 436 finishing pigs and 419 sows in the 42 scale pig farms of eight cities were detected by ELISA kits. The test identified the antibody positive rate of breast-feeding pigs averaged of 70.11%, the antibody positive rate of nursery pigs averaged 40.57%, the antibody positive rate of finishing pigs averaged 50.22% and the antibody positive rate of sows averaged 69.69%. It was seized that the immune antibody of the swinery detected was not ideal, especially lower antibody levels in nursery pigs. While the immune antibody of 133 breast-feeding pigs, 110 nursery pigs, 105 finishing pigs and 135 sows with four different types of classical swine fever vaccine immunity in the 12 large-scale pig farms was detected. The results showed that porket were hyper immunized firstly six copies of classical swine fever efficient cell-free vaccine at birth, then piglets were immunized secondly four copies at two 21-day-old, at last piglets were immunized thirdly two copies at 60-day-old, besides, it was best that postpartum sows were immunized with fetal immunity after 21 days, so that the antibody positive rate of nursery pigs could reach 89.29%, therefore, the mortality of nursery pigs reduced evidently and the growth and development of pigs walk gradually up to normal after using this immune method in some pig farms, while the use of the worst method that the first immunization of piglets between 28-day-old and 35-day-old with four copies of classical swine fever normal cell-free vaccine after ablactation, the second immunization of 60-day-old piglets with two copies, and the immunization of postpartum sows with fetal immunity after 28 days did not sfpread and exploit. Through the study of immunization effects on classical swine fever in some large-scale pig farms of Shanxi, the immune effect of classical swine fever and the best methods of immunization were identified in some large-scale pig farms. It could give a basis for prevention and control of classical swine fever in pig farms.

PCV2 infection can cause immune system damage in pigs at different growth stages, immune dysfunction caused and highly susceptible to diseases, causes huge losses to the pig, so establish a rapid detection of the disease prevention is essential. Many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on detection methods, the paper unified descripted of the detection method of PCV2.

DNA Vaccines which was born from 1990s becomes research emphasis of animal diseases prevention. As the third revolutionary of vaccines, its advantages are affordable, easy producing, immune efficient, safe and reliable.This article summarizes the characteristic, internal and abroad progress in research of DNA vaccines briefly, and discussing the significance and importance about establishing DNA vaccines of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia(CCPP) from the research about antigen gene of the pathogen. It's looking into the future of establishing of CCPP DNA vaccines.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant infectious diseases which causing huge losses to swine industry every year. Vaccines might be useful to control PRRS, however, numerous laboratory and clinical investigations indicated that the effective of inactivated or attenuated vaccines for PRRSV is far from satisfactory and preparing effective PRRS vaccines by using the classical techniques is quite difficult. In this case, deeply understanding the mechanisms involved in evoking effective protective immune responses is essential. The present review focused on the dynamic changes of cytokines produced by host cells and tissues in response to PRRSV infection and/or vaccination.

Mink distemper is one of the most serious deadly infectious diseases to mink or fox. The paper introduced a mink farm.The clinical symptoms, pathological lesions and laboratory diagnosis were observed, and mink distemper was detected by virus isolation culture and RT-PCR,the final diagnosis result was mink distemper. Because of the existence of the disease and the harm fulness to the mink industry, the diagnosis and monitoring of mink distemper should be strengthening.

5 strain of ducks Pasteurella multocida isolated and purified from the livers and hearts of the sick breeding ducks in xinyu area of Jiangxi province was identified to be the pathogen of the duck disease based on its morphological and culture characteristics, biochemical test. Drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to levofloxacin, kanamycin, cefoxitin, cefoperazone and spectinomycin.

Interferon is a kind of glycoproteins with a high degree of biological activity,synthesized and secreted by somatic cells of all mammalian species when stimulated properly; with the function of broad-spectrum anti-viral,anti-tumor,anti-multiple sclerosis,inhibiting cell growth and mediating immune response. Since the discovery of interferon 50 years ago,great progress has been made so far. This article reviews the signal transduction,anti-virus mechanisms and their application in anti-FMD.

In order to evaluate prevalence of swine Chlamydophila abortus in Beijing intensive pig farms, 507 blood samples were detected for antibodies using indirectly hemorrhage assay (IHA) and ELISA while 183 clinical samples were determined for positive antigens by immunofluorescence test kits(IF), including 166 samples from pig swabs and pig sperms and 17 throat swabs from pig farmers. The positive antibody against Chlamydophila abortus was 4.14% (IHA) and 2.17%(ELISA), respectively while the average positive antigen was average 14.8% (IF). Moreover, the higher antigen positivity was found in the boar sperm samples, sow virginal swabs and in throat swabs from pig farmers,which accounted for 37.5%, 27.5% and 23.5%, respectively in the survey. On contrary to the previous reports, the positive antibody in Beijing intensive pig farms was found to be lower prevalence than the other province. Our investigation firstly explored that Chlamydophila abortus was prevalence in intensive pig farms as well as in the closely human beings. The urgent measure should be taken into account for cutting transmission from boar sperms to sows and human beings.

Pathogen were isolated, identified and observed by electron microscopy after autopsy of twenty seven dead broilers from eight large intensive chicken farms in Shandong province. The results showed that the bacterial co-infections were the outstanding characteristic and the dominant bacteria in this region were Enterococcus faecalis, Aerococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Aeromonas hydrophila. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was taken on lesion tissues of dead broilers with patented product straw antibiotic susceptibility test kit (patent number: ZL 2009 2 0253251.5), which was not only an accurate measurement as traditional drug susceptibility test, but also in situ. It would contribute to understanding potential risk factors and looking for feasible prevention programs in broiler farms.

On the base of current research process in biomass gasification technologies at home and abroad ,in order to accurately judge gasification potential of livestock manure. proximate and chemical analysis, as well as ultimate and heating value analysis and pyrolysis test, were carried out to investigate the feasibility of gasification of three kinds of manure such as swine, cattle and chicken manure.

The growth curves of the embryo weight and the embryo length of Magang geese were analyzed and fitted with three kinds of nonlinear models (Logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy). The results showed that the growth curves were appropriately fitted with three models,the indices of fitness(R²) of the three models were up to 0.99 above, but the von Bertalanffy model had the best effect on fitting with the growth curve of the embryo weight (R²=0.995), and the Gompertz model had the best effect on fitting with the growth curves of the embryo length (R²=1.000). This paper would provide references to understand the embryo growth laws of Magang geese.

According to the gene sequences in GenBank of Marteilia refringens, one pair of specific primers were designed for amplifying the specific fragments of Marteilia refringens. The reaction parameters were optimized to develop the polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Marteilia refringens. The 478 bp long specific DNA fragment of Marteilia refringens was amplified, but not from other pathogenic such as Perkinsus sp., Haplosporidium sp.,Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticu, Vibrio alginolyticu, and Vibrio fluvialis by this PCR. The sensitivity results showed that as little as 1 pg DNA of Marteilia refringens was detected by this PCR. 119 Oyster samples of Guangxi coastal were detected by this PCR. As a result, the positive rate was 1.68%. It suggested that Marteilia refringens existed in the cultivated shellfish in south China and the PCR method could be used as a sensitive tool to detect Marteilia refringens in clinical samples.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia with Sumianxin vs isoflurane in Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). 15 pythons were anesthetized with Sumianxin-Ⅱ (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mL/kg) i.m. and i.p., 6 pythons were anesthetized with isoflurane inhalation. Analgesic effect, righting reflex, breathing, muscle relaxation, time of anesthesia induction, time of recovery from anesthesia, side effects were recorded. High doses of Sumianxin-Ⅱ which is 2-4 times higher than that used in conventional animals did not show good anesthetic efficacy. In contrast, isoflurane when used 4% for anesthesia induction and 2.5% for maintenance showed satisfactory efficacy with notable advantages of induction rapidly, good anesthetic efficacy, muscle relaxation, high safety, recovery quickly and less side effects etc. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia can be used clinically in pythons safely and effectively.

This article stated Long-eyebrow batrian camel grazing management present situation of Xinjiang Mori Kazakh autonomous county,it described camel grazing management level of Xinjiang Mori Kazakh autonomous county,thereby to recognize,summarize,popularize of camel grazing management experience, to give an impetus to the overall development of camel industry.