苦豆子和苦豆子生物碱对滩羊生长性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在探讨苦豆子和苦豆子生物碱对滩羊生长性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。【方法】选取60只育肥期健康、体况良好的滩羊(体重28.38 kg±1.49 kg)，随机分为5组，每组12个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%、3%和4%苦豆子，试验4组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%苦豆子生物碱。预饲期7 d，试验期60 d。试验期间称重，记录滩羊采食量，统计生长性能指标；试验结束时采集瘤胃液，基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析滩羊瘤胃微生物群落的变化。【结果】①与对照组相比，试验3组滩羊的平均日采食量极显著降低(P＜0.01)，4个试验组滩羊的料重比均极显著下降(P＜0.01)。②各组间滩羊瘤胃微生物Ace指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数及Sobs指数均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。③在滩羊瘤胃微生物门水平上，各组的优势菌群均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门，与对照组相比，试验2和4组厚壁菌门相对丰度极显著降低(P＜0.01)，试验3组厚壁菌门相对丰度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，试验2组拟杆菌门和丝状杆菌门相对丰度均显著升高(P＜0.05)。④在滩羊瘤胃微生物属水平上，各组的主要优势菌群为普雷沃菌属、瘤胃球菌属、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群、理岩菌科RC9_肠道群和norank_f_F082。与对照组相比，试验1和2组滩羊瘤胃普雷沃菌属相对丰度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，试验4组norank_f_F082相对丰度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，试验3组瘤胃Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group相对丰度极显著升高(P＜0.01)，4个试验组瘤胃奥尔森菌属相对丰度均显著降低(P＜0.05)，试验3组瘤胃未分类瘤胃球菌科相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，饲粮中添加2%、3%苦豆子和0.2%苦豆子生物碱均能够有效改善滩羊的生长性能，并对滩羊瘤胃微生物群落的组成有调节作用，提高滩羊的营养利用率，该结果为探讨苦豆子及苦豆子生物碱作为饲料添加剂的潜在机制提供了依据。

关键词: 苦豆子; 苦豆子生物碱; 滩羊; 生长性能; 瘤胃微生物区系

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sophora alopecuroides and alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides on the growth performance and rumen microbial community of Tan sheep.【Method】 Sixty healthy Tan sheep in the fattening period with similar body weight (28.38 kg±1.49 kg) were randomly divided into five groups with 12 replicates each.The sheep in control group was fed a basal diet,and the sheep in trial groups 1，2 and 3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2%,3% and 4% Sophora alopecuroides respectively,the sheep in trial group 4 was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides.The pre-feeding period was 7 days,and the feeding period was 60 days.The sheep were weighed during the trial,and their feed intake was recorded to assess growth performance.The rumen fluid samples were collected for the rumen microbial community dynamics in Tan sheep based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology at the ending of the experiment.【Result】 ① Compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake of Tan sheep in trial group 3 was extremely significantly reduced (P＜0.01),and the feed gain ratio of the four trial groups were extremely significantly lower (P＜0.01).②There were no significant difference in the Ace,Chao1,Shannon,Simpson,and Sobs indexes of rumen microbiota among the groups (P＞0.05).③At the phylum level of the rumen microbiota in Tan sheep,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla.Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes was extremely significantly decreased in trial groups 2 and 4 (P＜0.01),while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was extremely significantly increased in trial group 3 (P＜0.01).The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacterota was both significantly increased (P＜0.05) in trial group 2.④At the genus level of the rumen microbiota in Tan sheep,the dominant rumen bacteria were Prevotella,Ruminococcus,Christensenellaceae R-7 group,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and the norank_f_F082 group.Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Prevotella in trial groups 1 and 2,the relative abundance of norank_f_F082 in trial group 4,and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group in trial group 3 were all increased extremely significantly (P＜0.01).Meanwhile,the relative abundance of Olsenella in all four trial groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05),and the relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae in trial group 3 were increased significantly (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,the inclusion of 2%,3% Sophora alopecuroides and 0.2% alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides in the diet effectively enhanced the growth performance of Tan sheep,regulated their rumen microbial community composition,and improved nutrient utilization.These findings provided a foundation for further exploration of the potential mechanisms of Sophora alopecuroides and alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides as feed additives.

Key words: Sophora alopecuroides; alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides; Tan sheep; growth performance; rumen microbial community

中图分类号:

S816.7

周路松, 赵媛媛, 杨宇为, 赵青余, 马青, 汤超华, 张会艳, 张军民, 秦洋, 秦玉昌. 苦豆子和苦豆子生物碱对滩羊生长性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2540-2551.

ZHOU Lusong, ZHAO Yuanyuan, YANG Yuwei, ZHAO Qingyu, MA Qing, TANG Chaohua, ZHANG Huiyan, ZHANG Junmin, QIN Yang, QIN Yuchang. Effects of Sophora alopecuroides and Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides on Growth Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Tan Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2540-2551.

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