不同蛋白质水平饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在探究不同蛋白质水平饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(rumen-protected methionine,RPM)对牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及养分表观消化率的影响，以期为舍饲牦牛养殖中饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM适宜添加量提供参考。【方法】采用2×3双因素试验设计，分别设置2个蛋白质水平：低(13%)、高(15%)蛋白质水平和3个RPM水平：0、0.05%和0.10%。选取36头体重(225.29 kg±30.59 kg)、体尺接近的4岁健康公牦牛，随机分为6个处理组，每个处理组6个重复，每个重复1头牛，单栏单饲，预饲期10 d，试验期60 d。分别在试验第66～69和70天时采集饲料样、粪样和瘤胃液，用于测定牦牛的生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数指标。【结果】①饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛平均日干物质采食量(average daily dry matter intake，ADMI)无显著影响(P＞0.05)，但相较13%蛋白质组，15%蛋白质组牦牛平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)显著提高(P＜0.05)且料重比(feed to gain ratio,F/G)显著降低(P＜0.05)。RPM水平对牦牛ADMI和F/G无显著影响(P＞0.05)，但有增加ADG的趋势(P＝0.051)。饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM水平对牦牛ADMI存在一定的交互作用(P＝0.058)。②饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛瘤胃pH和微生物蛋白质(microbiological proteins，MCP)含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)，但有增加瘤胃氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量的趋势(P＝0.091)。饲粮RPM水平对瘤胃pH、MCP和NH₃-N无显著影响(P＞0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM水平对牦牛瘤胃NH₃-N含量存在一定的交互作用(P＝0.092)。与13%蛋白质组相比，15%蛋白质组牦牛瘤胃丙酸含量显著升高(P＜0.05)，瘤胃丁酸(P＝0.066)、异丁酸(P＝0.073)、戊酸(P＝0.053)、异戊酸(P＝0.056)含量均有升高的趋势。饲粮RPM水平对牦牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid，VFA)浓度无显著影响(P＞0.05)，饲粮蛋白质水平和RPM水平对瘤胃VFA含量无显著交互作用(P＞0.05)。③与13%蛋白质组相比，15%蛋白质组牦牛对粗蛋白质、钙、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著提高(P＜0.05)。饲粮RPM水平对牦牛养分表观消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平和饲粮RPM水平对牦牛养分表观消化率无显著交互作用(P＞0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下，在4岁舍饲牦牛15%蛋白质水平饲粮中添加0.05% RPM能够改善其瘤胃发酵，提高其干物质采食量、养分表观消化率和生长性能。

关键词: 牦牛; 蛋白质水平; 过瘤胃蛋氨酸; 生长性能; 瘤胃发酵; 养分表观消化率

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment aimed to explore the effects of supplementing rumen-protected methionine (RPM) to diets with different protein levels on the growth performance,rumen fermentation and nutrient apparent digestibility of yaks,so as to provide a reference for dietary protein level and RPM supplementation of house-feeding yaks breeding.【Method】 A 2×3 two-factor experimental design was adopted in this experiment.Two protein levels were low (13%) and high (15%),and three RPM levels were 0,0.05% and 0.10%.A total of thirty-six 4-year-old healthy male yaks with similar body weight (225.29 kg±30.59 kg) and body size were selected and randomly divided into six treatment groups.Each treatment group had six replicates,and each replicate had one yak.Single pen and single feeding were adopted.The pre-trial period was 10 d,followed by a formal trial period of 60 d.Samples of feed,faeces and rumen fluid were collected on 66-69 and 70 d of experiment for determining the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks.【Result】 ①Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on average daily dry matter intake (ADMI) of yaks (P＞0.05),but compared with 13% protein group,average daily gain (ADG) of yaks in 15% protein group was significantly higher (P＜0.05), and feed to gain ratio (F/G) was significantly lower (P＜0.05).The RPM supplementation had no significant effect on ADMI and F/G (P＞0.05),but tended to increase ADG (P＝0.051).There was a trend of interaction between dietary protein levels and RPM levels on ADMI in yaks (P＝0.058).②Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on rumen pH and microbiological proteins (MCP) (P＞0.05),but had a tendency to increase the content of NH₃-N (P＝0.091).There was no significant effect of dietary RPM levels on rumen pH,MCP and NH₃-N (P＞0.05).There was a trend of interaction between dietary protein levels and RPM levels on rumen NH₃-N content in yak (P＝0.092).Compared with 13% protein group, content of propionic acid was higher (P＜0.05),the content of butyric acid (P＝0.066),isobutyric acid (P＝0.073),valeric acid (P＝0.053) and isovaleric acid (P＝0.056) had a tendency to increase in 15% protein group.There was no significant effect of dietary RPM levels on rumen volatile fatty acids (P＞0.05).There was no significant interaction to volatile fatty acid between dietary protein levels and RPM levels (P＞0.05).③Compared with 13% protein group,apparent digestibility of crude protein,calcium and acid detergent fiber in 15% protein group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).There was no significant effect of dietary RPM levels on nutrient apparent digestibility (P＞0.05).There was no significant interaction to nutrients apparent digestibility between dietary protein levels and dietary RPM levels (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,adding 0.05% rumen protected methionine to the diet with a 15% protein level for 4-year-old house-fed yaks could improve their rumen fermentation,increase their dry matter intake,nutrient apparent digestibility and growth performance.

Key words: yak; protein level; rumen-protected methionine; growth performance; rumen fermentation; nutrient apparent digestibility

中图分类号:

S816.4

赖秋爽, 黎凌铄, 李姝熠, 田维, 余青婷, 张康林, 李德鹏, 刘骏, 姜菲, 彭忠利, 吴建平, 黄艳玲. 不同蛋白质水平饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1567-1578.

LAI Qiushuang, LI Lingshuo, LI Shuyi, TIAN Wei, YU Qingting, ZHANG Kanglin, LI Depeng, LIU Jun, JIANG Fei, PENG Zhongli, WU Jianping, HUANG Yanling. Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine Supplementation in Diets with Different Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Yaks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1567-1578.

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