烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量和微生物区系的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.010

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 593-604.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.010

• 营养与饲料 • 上一篇

烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量和微生物区系的影响

刘拓¹, 成志强¹, 成喆¹, 臧长江¹, 南冰禹¹, 李韬¹, 李晓斌¹, 李云梦¹, 仇娅琪¹, 闫法钰¹, 吴海荣², 院东³, 王永力⁴, 刘文涛⁵

1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 新疆阿勒泰地区畜牧工作站, 阿勒泰 836000;
3. 新疆长荣饲料有限公司, 昌吉 831100;
4. 新疆佳和瑞鑫农牧科技有限公司, 昌吉 831100;
5. 新疆乌鲁木齐市乡村振兴指导服务中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2024-05-08 发布日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: 臧长江, 吴海荣 E-mail:zcj780@126.com;393699736@qq.com
作者简介:刘拓，E-mail:2954078647@qq.com；成志强，E-mail:1719023987@qq.com。刘拓和成志强对本文具有同等贡献，并列为第一作者。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01001)；大学生创新项目(dxscx2024227)

Effects of Nicotinamide on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Microbial Protein Yield and Microflora in Lactating Dairy Cows

LIU Tuo¹, CHENG Zhiqiang¹, CHENG Zhe¹, ZANG Changjiang¹, NAN Bingyu¹, LI Tao¹, LI Xiaobin¹, LI Yunmeng¹, QIU Yaqi¹, YAN Fayu¹, WU Hairong², YUAN Dong³, WANG Yongli⁴, LIU Wentao⁵

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Xinjiang Altay Animal Husbandry Service, Altay 836000, China;
3. Xinjiang Evergreen Feed Co., Ltd., Changji 831100, China;
4. Xinjiang Jiahe Ruixin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changji 831100, China;
5. Xinjiang Urumqi Rural Revitalization Guidance Service Center, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2024-05-08 Published:2025-01-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】反刍动物机体氮的利用是影响养殖效益的重要因素，同时其代谢产物会对环境造成一定的污染。试验旨在探究添加烟酰胺(nicotinamide，NAM)对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量和微生物群落的影响，以期通过烟酰胺调控奶牛瘤胃发酵及微生物区系，提高机体氮的利用效率。【方法】选择泌乳日龄(170 d±50 d)、胎次(2.23±0.62)、产奶量(36.17 kg±7.40 kg)相近且健康的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛40头，随机分为4组，每组10头。对照组奶牛饲喂全混合饲粮(TMR)并灌服50 mL自来水，NAM组(NAM7、NAM11、NAM15)奶牛分别在TMR基础上灌服7、11、15 g/d烟酰胺。试验期75 d，其中预试期15 d，正试期60 d。于试验第30、60天晨饲前采集瘤胃液样品，于试验0―2、28―30、58―60 d收集尿液样品，分别用于测定pH、乙酸和丙酸等挥发性脂肪酸、瘤胃微生物蛋白产量及瘤胃微生物区系等指标。【结果】 ①与对照组相比，NAM7组奶牛瘤胃pH显著升高(P＜0.05)，NAM组乙酸/丙酸值均极显著降低(P＜0.01)。NAM7组乙酸/丙酸值显著或极显著低于NAM11和NAM15组(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。试验处理和试验期之间的互作效应不显著(P＞0.05)。②NAM7组奶牛尿液中尿囊素、PD衍生物浓度和瘤胃微生物蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)；尿酸浓度显著高于对照组及NAM11、NAM15组(P＜0.05)。试验处理和试验期之间的互作效应不显著(P＞0.05)。③NAM组奶牛瘤胃液Chao1指数和观察到的物种数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)；NAM7和NAM11组螺旋体门相对丰度显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)；NAM7和NAM15组琥珀酸弧菌属相对丰度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，沙特尔沃思氏菌属相对丰度显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下，烟酰胺可以提高泌乳期奶牛瘤胃pH、微生物蛋白产量及拟杆菌门、变形菌门、瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度，降低乙酸浓度、乙酸/丙酸值及厚壁菌门、普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度。推荐烟酰胺添加量为7 g/d。

关键词: 烟酰胺; 泌乳期奶牛; 瘤胃发酵参数; 微生物蛋白; 微生物区系

Abstract: 【Objective】 Nitrogen utilisation by ruminant organisms is an important factor affecting the efficiency of farming,while their metabolites can cause some pollution to the environment.This study was aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation nicotinamide (NAM) on rumen fermentation parameters,microbial protein production and microbial community in lactating dairy cows,and explore the modulation of rumen fermentation and microflora in dairy cows by supplementation nicotinamide to improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation in the organism. 【Method】 Forty healthy mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar age at lactation (170 d±50 d),litter size (2.23±0.62) and milk yield (36.17 kg±7.40 kg) were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 10 dairy cows each,dairy cows in control group were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with 50 mL of tap water,and dairy cows in NAM groups (NAM7,NAM11 and NAM15) were given 7,11 and 15 g/d of nicotinamide on top of TMR, respectively.The trial period was 75 d,of which the pre-trial period was 15 d,and the trial period was 60 d.Rumen fluid samples were collected before morning feeding on the 30th and 60th days of the trial period and urine samples on days 0-2,28-30 and 58-60 of the trial period for the determination of pH,volatile fatty acids such as acetic and propionic acids,rumen microbial protein production and rumen microflora,respectively. 【Result】 ① Compared with control group,the rumen pH of dairy cows in NAM7 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid value of dairy cows in NAM groups were extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The acetic acid/propionic acid value of dairy cows in NAM7 group was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in NAM11 and NAM15 groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The interaction effect between trial treatment and trial period was not significant (P＞0.05).② The urinary allantoin,PD derivative concentration and rumen microbial protein content of dairy cows in NAM7 group were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the uric acid concentration was significantly higher than that in control,NAM11 and NAM15 groups (P＜0.05).The interaction effect between trial treatment and trial period was not significant (P＞0.05).③ The rumen Chao1 index and the number of species observed of dairy cows in NAM groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the relative abundance of Spirochaetes in NAM7 and NAM11 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Succiniclasticum in NAM7 and NAM15 groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Shuttleworthia in NAM7 and NAM15 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this trial,nicotinamide could increase rumen pH,microbial protein production of dairy cows,and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Ruminococcus, and decrease the acetic acid concentration,acetic acid/propionic acid value,and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Prevotella.The recommended nicotinamide supplementation rate was 7 g/d.

Key words: niacinamide; lactating dairy cows; rumen fermentation parameters; microbial protein; microflora

中图分类号:

S816.7

刘拓, 成志强, 成喆, 臧长江, 南冰禹, 李韬, 李晓斌, 李云梦, 仇娅琪, 闫法钰, 吴海荣, 院东, 王永力, 刘文涛. 烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量和微生物区系的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 593-604.

LIU Tuo, CHENG Zhiqiang, CHENG Zhe, ZANG Changjiang, NAN Bingyu, LI Tao, LI Xiaobin, LI Yunmeng, QIU Yaqi, YAN Fayu, WU Hairong, YUAN Dong, WANG Yongli, LIU Wentao. Effects of Nicotinamide on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Microbial Protein Yield and Microflora in Lactating Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 593-604.

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烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量和微生物区系的影响

Effects of Nicotinamide on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Microbial Protein Yield and Microflora in Lactating Dairy Cows

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