柠条青贮对奶牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在以青贮的方式提高柠条的消化利用率，探究柠条青贮对奶牛瘤胃干物质降解率和发酵性能的影响，为反刍动物提供一种潜在的饲料资源。【方法】将新鲜刈割的柠条分为2组：鲜样组和青贮组，每组9个重复，每个重复1 000 g，青贮30 d后测定柠条的营养成分及青贮品质。将烘干后的样品，按照10 g/份分别称取18份，测定柠条在奶牛瘤胃发酵2、4、8、24、48和72 h的尼龙袋干物质降解率；再按照0.5 g/份分别称取18份样品，测定柠条在体外发酵2、4、8、24、48和72 h的发酵参数。【结果】青贮组柠条的干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于鲜样组(P＜0.05)。柠条青贮30 d后pH为4.51，氨态氮含量为5.12 g/kg，乳酸含量为14.53 mmol/g，乙酸含量为8.45 g/kg。鲜样组柠条的尼龙袋干物质降解率在奶牛瘤胃发酵2、4、8、24和48 h时显著低于青贮组(P＜0.05)。奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数结果显示，青贮组柠条的体外干物质降解率、产气量、乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著高于鲜样组(P＜0.05)；在体外发酵24、48和72 h时青贮组柠条的氨态氮和甲烷含量均显著高于鲜样组(P＜0.05)。【结论】青贮可有效降低柠条的粗纤维含量，有效提高柠条的奶牛瘤胃干物质降解率、体外产气量、挥发性脂肪酸及氨态氮含量。

关键词: 柠条; 青贮; 体外产气法; 干物质降解率; 瘤胃发酵参数

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to improve the digestibility and utilization of Caragana korshinskii (CK) in the form of silage,and explore the effect of CK silage on the rumen dry matter degradation rate and fermentation performance of dairy cows,so as to provide a potential feed resource for ruminants. 【Method】 The fresh CK was randomly divided into fresh sample and silage groups,with 9 replicates in each group,and each replicate contained 1 000 g matters.The silage quality and nutrient composition of CK were determined after 30 days ensilaging process,following by the weighing of 18 samples at 10 g/part to determine the degradation rate of nylon bag dry matter (DM) in the rumen fermentation of dairy cows for 2,4,8,24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Further,18 samples were weighed at 0.5 g/part to determine the ruminal fermentation parameters of in vitro for 2,4,8,24,48 and 72 h,respectively. 【Result】 The contents of DM,crude protein (CP),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of CK in silage group were significantly lower than those in fresh group (P＜0.05).After 30 days of ensilaging,pH of CK reached to 4.51,the ammonia nitrogen content was 5.12 g/kg,the lactic acid content was 14.53 mmol/g,and the acetic acid content was 8.45 g/kg.The nylon bag DM degradation rate of CK in fresh group was significantly lower than that in silage group at 2,4,8,24 and 48 h of rumen fermentation (P＜0.05).The results of rumen in vitro fermentation parameters showed that the DM degradation rate,gas production,and the contents of acetic acid,propionic acid and total volatile acid of CK in silage group were significantly higher than those in fresh group (P＜0.05).The contents of ammonia nitrogen and methane in silage group were significantly higher than those in fresh group at 24,48 and 72 h of in vitro fermentation (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 In this study,ensilaging process of CK could effectively reduce the crude fiber content of CK,and improve the rumen DM degradation rate,in vitro gas production,and the contents of volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen of CK.

Key words: Caragana korshinskii; silage; in vitro gas production; dry matter degradation rate; rumen fermentation parameters

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

申瑶, 薛夫光, 康雅洁, 熊本海, 杨亮. 柠条青贮对奶牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4765-4773.

SHEN Yao, XUE Fuguang, KANG Yajie, XIONG Benhai, YANG Liang. Effect of Caragana korshinskii Silage on Rumen Fermentation Performance of Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4765-4773.

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