断奶仔猪肠道古菌菌群结构功能与腹泻的相关性研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究断奶仔猪肠道古菌菌群结构功能，分析古菌与断奶仔猪腹泻的相关性，为防治断奶仔猪腹泻提供理论依据。【方法】选取同批次24日龄健康断奶仔猪(H组)和腹泻断奶仔猪(D组)各32头，采集粪便后通过16S rRNA基因测序分析两组粪便样本古菌菌群结构，使用PICRUSt2软件预测肠道古菌功能，分析差异古菌与断奶仔猪腹泻的相关性。【结果】健康和腹泻断奶仔猪腹泻评分差异显著(P＜0.05)。广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)和奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)为健康和腹泻仔猪优势古菌菌门；健康仔猪优势菌属为甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、Euryarchaeota_norank和甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)。腹泻仔猪优势菌属为Euryarchaeota_norank、甲烷八叠球菌属和甲烷短杆菌属。腹泻仔猪菌群多样性和丰富度高于健康仔猪，且健康和腹泻断奶仔猪的古菌菌群结构和功能差异显著(P＜0.05)，古菌菌群结构差异主要体现在甲烷八叠球菌属、Euryarchaeota_norank、恐硫球菌属(Sulfophobococcus)、Nitrosarchaeum、热网菌属(Pyrodictium)等菌属上；古菌菌群功能差异主要体现在脂多糖的生物合成、氨基酸生物合成、抗原处理和表达等通路上。相关性分析发现，甲烷八叠球菌属、恐硫球菌属、Euryarchaeota_norank、甲烷暖球菌属(Methanocaldococcus)、火球菌属、甲烷卵圆形菌属(Methanocalculus)和Nitrosarchaeum的相对丰度与断奶仔猪腹泻均显著相关(P＜0.05)。【结论】健康和腹泻断奶仔猪肠道古菌菌群结构和功能存在显著差异，腹泻断奶仔猪Euryarchaeota_norank相对丰度较高，而甲烷八叠球菌属相对丰度较低，Euryarchaeota_norank、甲烷八叠球菌属和恐硫球菌属与断奶仔猪腹泻存在相关性。

关键词: 断奶仔猪; 腹泻; 16S rRNA; 古菌

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to study the structure and function of Archaea community in intestine of weaned piglets,and analyze the correlation between Archaea and diarrhoea in weaned piglets,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of post-weaning piglet diarrhea. 【Method】 Thirty-two healthy weaned piglets (H group) and thirty-two diarrheal weaned piglets (D group) at 24 days of age were selected from the same batch.Fecal samples were collected and the structure of Archaea community of the fecal samples from both groups was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.PICRUSt2 software was used to predict the function of Archaea community in intestine,and the correlation between differential Archaea and diarrhea in weaned piglets was analyzed. 【Result】 There was significant difference of diarrhea scores between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets (P＜0.05).Euryarchaeota,Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant Archaea phyla in healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.The dominant genera in healthy weaned piglets were Methanosarcina,Euryarchaeota_norank and Methanobrevibacter,while the dominant genera in diarrheal weaned piglets were Euryarchaeota_norank,Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter.The diversity and richness of Archaea community in diarrheal weaned piglets was higher than those in healthy weaned piglets.There were significant difference in the structure and function of the Archaeal community between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets (P＜0.05).The difference in the structure of Archaea community between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets were mainly reflected in the genus Methanosarcina,Euryarchaeota_norank,Sulfophobococcus,Nitrosarchaeum,Pyrodictium,etc.The difference in the function of Archaea community primarily existed in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis,biosynthesis of amino acids,antigen processing and presentation,etc.The results of correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Methanosarcina,Sulfophobococcus,Euryarchaeota_norank,Methanocaldococcus,Pyrococcus,Methanocalculus were significantly correlated with diarrhea in weaned piglets (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 There was significant difference in the structure and function of Archaea community between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.The relative abundance of Euryarchaeota_norank was higher in diarrheal weaned piglets,while the relative abundance of Methanosarcina was lower.There was a correlation between Euryarchaeota_norank,Methanosarcina,Sulfophobococcus and diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Key words: weaned piglets; diarrhea; 16S rRNA; Archaea

中图分类号:

S852.32

潘成麟, 宋彤星, 章啸君, 楼芳芳, 胡旭进, 屠平光, 肖英平, 吕文涛. 断奶仔猪肠道古菌菌群结构功能与腹泻的相关性研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4755-4764.

PAN Chenglin, SONG Tongxing, ZHANG Xiaojun, LOU Fangfang, HU Xujin, TU Pingguang, XIAO Yingping, LYU Wentao. Study on the Structure and Function of the Archaea Community and Its Correlation with Diarrhea of Weaned Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4755-4764.

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