有机酸与精油、单宁酸、复合酶制剂复配对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究有机酸与精油、单宁酸、复合酶制剂复配对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响,为其在仔猪中的生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】选用健康、体重相近(6.48 kg±0.68 kg)的25日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)240头,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头。饲粮处理如下:基础饲粮(CON);CON＋5 kg/t有机酸(OA);CON＋5 kg/t OA＋800 g/t精油(OAEO);CON＋5 kg/t OA＋500 g/t单宁酸(OATA);CON＋5 kg/t OA＋500 g/t复合酶(OACE)。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。分别于第1和29天以重复为单位对仔猪空腹称重并统计采食量,计算生长性能;收集饲料样品和粪便样品,测定养分表观消化率;收集血液样品,测定血清抗氧化性能和免疫性能指标;分离胃和各肠段(十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠),测定胃肠道pH;收集空肠黏膜,测定消化酶活性;取空肠和回肠中段,用于肠道形态的测定;收集盲肠内容物,用于短链脂肪酸测定。【结果】①与CON和OA组相比,OAEO组断奶仔猪料重比(F/G)显著降低(P＜0.05)。②与CON组相比,OA和OAEO组仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P＜0.05),OATA组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P＜0.05),OA、OAEO、OATA和OACE组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。③与CON和OA组相比,OATA组仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白介素-2(IL-2)和IL-22含量均显著提高(P＜0.05),OAEO、OATA和OACE组血清D-乳酸(D-LA)含量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。④与CON组相比,OAEO和OACE组仔猪胃、十二指肠和空肠pH均显著降低(P＜0.05),OA、OAEO、OATA和OACE组空肠和回肠绒毛高度均显著提高(P＜0.05)。与CON和OA组相比,OACE组空肠α-淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性均显著提高(P＜0.05),OATA和OACE组干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗脂肪(EE)和磷(P)表观消化率均显著提高(P＜0.05)。⑤与CON和OA组相比,OAEO组仔猪盲肠乙酸浓度显著提高(P＜0.05),OAEO、OATA和OACE组盲肠异丁酸浓度均显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】有机酸与精油复配在提高断奶仔猪生长性能方面效果较好;与单宁酸复配在提高仔猪抗氧化和免疫性能方面效果较好;与酶制剂复配在改善仔猪消化功能和提高养分表观消化率方面效果较好。

关键词: 有机酸; 精油; 单宁酸; 复合酶; 断奶仔猪; 生长性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic acid combined with essential oil,tannic acid and compound enzyme preparation on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal health of weaned piglets,so as to provide theoretical basis for their production and application in piglets.【Method】 240 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire weaned piglets (25-day-old) with body weight of 6.48 kg±0.68 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 piglets per replicate.The dietary treatments were as follows,basal diets (CON),CON＋5 kg/t organic acid (OA),CON＋5 kg/t OA＋800 g/t essential oil (OAEO),CON＋5 kg/t OA＋500 g/t tannic acid (OATA),and CON＋5 kg/t OA＋500 g/t compound enzyme (OACE).The pre-feeding period was 3 days and the test period was 28 days.On the first day and the 29 th day,piglets were weighed with fasting and feed intake was recorded to calculate growth performance.Feed samples and feces samples were collected to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients.Blood samples were collected to determine serum antioxidant and immune properties.The stomach and intestinal segments (duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum) were separated to measured the gastrointestinal pH.Jejunal mucosa was collected to determine digestive enzyme activity.The middle part of jejunum and ileum was taken for the determination of intestinal morphology.Cecal contents were collected for the determination of short-chain fatty acids.【Result】 ①Compared with CON and OA groups,the F/G of weaned piglets in OAEO group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05).②Compared with CON group,the serum SOD activity in OA and OAEO groups was significantly increased (P＜0.05),the serum GSH-Px activity in OATA group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),the serum MDA content was significantly decreased in four treatment groups (P＜0.05).③Compared with CON and OA groups,the serum IgG,IL-2 and IL-22 levels were significantly increased in OATA group (P＜0.05),the serum D-LA levels in OAEO,OATA and OACE groups was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).④Compared with CON group,the pH of stomach,duodenum and jejunum were significantly decreased in OAEO and OACE groups (P＜0.05),and the villus height of jejunum and ileum was significantly increased in four treatment groups (P＜0.05).Compared with CON and OA groups,the activities of α-amylase,sucrase and lactase in jejunum were significantly increased in OACE group (P＜0.05),the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude ash,ether extract and phosphorus in OATA and OACE groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05).⑤Compared with CON and OA groups,the concentration of cecal acetic acid was significantly increased in OAEO group (P＜0.05),the concentration of cecal isobutyric acid in OAEO,OATA and OACE groups was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 The combination of organic acid and essential oil had a better effect on improving the growth performance of weaned piglets, the combination of organic acid and tannic acid had a better effect on improving the antioxidant and immune performance of piglets, and the combination of organic acid and enzyme preparation has a better effect on improving the digestive function of piglets and improving the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

Key words: organic acid; essential oil; tannic acid; compound enzyme; weaned piglets; growth performance

中图分类号:

S816.7

阳治康, 殷运菊, 徐伟伟, 陈广, 郑梦莉, 闫昭明, 刘雅婷, 张关锋, 彭洁, 江慧琼, 胡友军, 赵晓南, 陈清华. 有机酸与精油、单宁酸、复合酶制剂复配对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(3): 978-989.

YANG Zhikang, YIN Yunju, XU Weiwei, CHEN Guang, ZHENG Mengli, YAN Zhaoming, LIU Yating, ZHANG Guanfeng, PENG Jie, JIANG Huiqiong, HU Youjun, ZHAO Xiaonan, CHEN Qinghua. Effects of Organic Acid Combined with Essential Oil,Tannic Acid and Compound Enzyme Preparation on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Heath of Weaned Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(3): 978-989.

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