牛至精油缓解反刍动物瘤胃甲烷排放的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 反刍动物温室气体的排放量占畜禽温室气体总排放量的80%，甲烷作为瘤胃微生物代谢的副产物，不仅对环境造成严重危害还降低了反刍动物的饲料能量利用率。植物提取物凭借其调节瘤胃微生物群落的功效在甲烷减排领域成为研究热点之一。牛至精油是从牛至中提取的一种含多种生物活性物质的植物提取物，以麝香草酚和香芹酚为主效因子，具有改善瘤胃内环境、改变瘤胃微生物组成、调控瘤胃发酵等生物学功能，在反刍动物养殖领域的应用前景十分广阔。关于牛至精油降低甲烷的作用效果已在多种动物上进行研究，结果表明牛至精油能通过调节瘤胃微生物及其代谢来降低瘤胃甲烷排放，但对其作用机制的研究还不够深入。作者以反刍动物为对象，对牛至精油通过调节瘤胃中细菌、古菌以及原虫的丰度和组成，调控瘤胃代谢，抑制二氧化碳还原途径和乙酸发酵途径，达到改善甲烷排放的作用机制进行综述，以期为牛至精油在饲料中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 牛至精油; 反刍动物; 瘤胃; 甲烷排放

Abstract: The greenhouse gas emissions of ruminants account for 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions of livestock and poultry.Methane, as a by-product of rumen microbial metabolism, not only causes serious harmness to the environment but also reduces the feed energy utilization of ruminants.Plant extracts have become one of the research hotspots in the field of methane emission reduction due to their ability to regulate rumen microbial communities.Oregano essential oil is a plant extract extracted from oregano that contains a variety of biologically active substances.With thymol and carvacrol as the main active factors, it can improve the rumen environment, change the composition of rumen microorganisms, and regulate rumen fermentation.Biological functions have broad application prospects in the field of ruminant breeding.The methane-lowering effect of oregano essential oil has been studied on a variety of animals.The results show that oregano essential oil can reduce ruminal methane emissions by regulating rumen microorganisms and their metabolism, but the research on its mechanism of action is not in-depth enough.This article takes ruminants as the subject and reviews the mechanism of oregano essential oil to improve methane emissions by regulating the abundance and composition of bacteria, archaea and protozoa in the rumen, regulating rumen metabolism, inhibiting the carbon dioxide reduction pathway and the acetate fermentation pathway, and to provide reference for the application of oregano essential oil in feed.

Key words: oregano essential oil; ruminants; rumen; methane emissions

中图分类号:

S816.7

李晓鹏, 高鹏翔, 蒋林树, 屠焰. 牛至精油缓解反刍动物瘤胃甲烷排放的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(1): 106-113.

LI Xiaopeng, GAO Pengxiang, JIANG Linshu, TU Yan. Research Progress of Oregano Essential Oil in Alleviating Ruminal Methane Emission in Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 106-113.

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