α-酮戊二酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵、消化代谢和血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.11.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评估α-酮戊二酸（AKG）对绵羊瘤胃发酵、营养物质消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响，为AKG作为反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控剂提供参考。【方法】选用5只健康、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊，采用5×5拉丁方试验设计，每天每只分别按照0、25、50、100和200 mmol的剂量在基础饲粮（精粗比为55：45）中添加AKG；试验共5期，每期试验24 d，其中预饲期14 d，消化代谢试验期7 d，瘤胃液采样期3 d。在瘤胃液采样期第1天，于饲喂后1.5 h采集颈静脉血液；在消化代谢试验期收集全部粪和尿液，用于测定营养物质的表观消化率和氮、钙、磷的代谢；瘤胃液用于测定发酵参数和原虫计数，血液用于测定生理生化指标。【结果】AKG对瘤胃液中氨态氮（NH₃-N）、戊酸、异戊酸含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。随着AKG添加量的增加，瘤胃液pH线性降低（P<0.05）；原虫数量和乙丙比呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化规律（P<0.05），乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸随AKG添加水平的增加呈先降低后升高的二次曲线变化规律（P<0.05）。添加AKG对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率以及氮、钙、磷的代谢均无显著影响（P>0.05）。AKG对白蛋白、血液尿素氮的含量以及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。随AKG添加水平的增加，血液中总蛋白水平呈先上升后下降的二次曲线变化规律（P<0.05）。【结论】在绵羊饲粮中添加的AKG主要在瘤胃中发挥作用，可降低瘤胃液pH，50 mmol/d AKG可降低瘤胃丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的生成，改善乙丙比，并提高血液总蛋白的浓度。

关键词: α-酮戊二酸; 绵羊; 瘤胃发酵; 消化代谢; 血液生化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and metabolism, and blood biochemical parameters in sheep, to provide a reference for AKG as a regulator of rumen fermentation in ruminants.【Method】 Five healthy small-tailed Han rams with permanent rumen fistulas were used in a 5×5 Latin square design, with each animal receiving a basal diet (the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 55:45) supplemented with AKG at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mmol per day, respectively;The experimental consisted of 5 phases, each experimental phase lasted for 24 days, including a 14-day adaptation period, a 7-day digestion and metabolism test period, and a 3-day ruminal fluid sampling period.Jugular venous blood was collected 1.5 h after morning feeding on the first day of the ruminal fluid sampling period.All feces and urine were collected during the digestion and metabolism test period to determine apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus metabolism.Rumen fluid was used to determine fermentation parameters and protozoan counts, and blood was used to determine physiological and biochemical parameters.【Result】 AKG had no significant effect on NH₃-N, valerate, and isovalerate levels in rumen fluid (P>0.05).The rumen fluid pH decreased linearly with the increase of AKG addition (P<0.05).The number of protozoa and the ratio of acetate to propionate showed a quadratic effect with an increasing and then decreasing (P<0.05), and acetate, propionate, and total volatile fatty acids showed a quadratic effect with a decreasing and then increasing with the increased dose of AKG supplementation (P<0.05).The addition of AKG had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and the metabolism of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus (P>0.05).AKG had no significant effect on blood albumin and urea nitrogen concentrations, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (P>0.05).With the increased of AKG addition, the total protein concentration in blood showed a quadratic effect with increasing and then decreasing (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The addition of AKG to sheep diets acted mainly in the rumen, lowering the pH of the rumen fluid, 50 mmol/d AKG reduced the production of propionate and total volatile fatty acids, improved the ratio of acetate to propionate, and increased the concentration of total protein in the blood.

Key words: α-ketoglutaric acid; sheep; rumen fermentation; digestion and metabolism; blood biochemical indicators

中图分类号:

S816.7

卢妍, 田聪聪, 刘建成, 张萧, 冯志鹏, 李璇玥, 陈勇. α-酮戊二酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵、消化代谢和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(11): 4473-4481.

LU Yan, TIAN Congcong, LIU Jiancheng, ZHANG Xiao, FENG Zhipeng, LI Xuanyue, CHEN Yong. Effect of α-ketoglutaric Acid on Rumen Fermentation,Digestion and Metabolism, and Blood Biochemical Indicators of Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(11): 4473-4481.

参考文献

[1] 袁芳, 邓好好, 刘宁, 等.复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和消化生理的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2023, 35(4):2361-2368. YUAN F, DENG H H, LIU N, et al.Effects of complex organic acids on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and digestive physiology of lactating dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(4):2361-2368.(in Chinese)
[2] 刘柏亨, 徐翊豪, 陈松, 等.小分子有机酸在畜禽抗病营养上的作用及其机理[J].动物营养学报, 2023, 35(5):2765-2776. LIU B H, XU Y H, CHEN S, et al.Effects and mechanisms of low-molecular-weight organic acid on disease resistance and nutrition of livestock and poultry[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(5):2765-2776.(in Chinese)
[3] SAHOO A, JENA B.Organic acids as rumen modifiers[J].International Journal of Science and Research, 2014, 11(3):2262-2266.
[4] JIN W, XUE C, LIU J, et al.Effects of disodium fumarate on in vitro rumen fermentation, the production of lipopolysaccharide and biogenic amines, and the rumen bacterial community[J].Current Microbiology, 2017, 74(11):1337-1342.
[5] LI Z, LIU N, CAO Y, et al. Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2018, 9:21.
[6] WANG C, LIU Q, MENG J, et al.Effects of citric acid supplementation on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2009, 89(13):2302-2307.
[7] CHEN J S, WU F, YANG H S, et al. Growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in growing pigs fed diets supplemented with alpha-ketoglutarate[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology, 2017, 226:21-28.
[8] CHEN J, SU W, KANG B, et al.Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate to a low-protein diet enhances amino acid synthesis in tissues and improves protein metabolism in the skeletal muscle of growing pigs[J]. Amino Acids, 2018, 50:1525-1537.
[9] 袁华根, 安东, 徐亚亚, 等.日粮添加α-酮戊二酸制剂对肉鸡肠道屏障功能的影响[J].中国饲料, 2022, 18:63-66. YUAN H G, AN D, XU Y Y, et al.The effects of dietary supplementation with alpha-ketoglutaric acid preparation produced by fermentation on intestinal barrier function of broilers[J].China Feed, 2022, 18:63-66.(in Chinese)
[10] ZHANF H L, JI S K, CHEN Y, et al. Effect of α-ketoglutaric acid on in vitro gas production, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011, 170(3-4):291-296.
[11] 李晴.添加不同组合支链氨基酸对绵羊整体消化代谢及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2015. LI Q.Effects of adding different combinations branched-chain amino acid on sheep whole digestion metabolism and rumen microbial diversity[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2015.(in Chinese)
[12] 王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社, 2011. WANG J Q.Research Methods in Ruminant Nutrition[M].Beijing:Modern Education Press, 2011.(in Chinese)
[13] 陈威, 陈炳龙, 杨东林, 等.核桃青皮提取物对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(6):3824-3834. CHEN W, CHEN B L, YANG D L, et al.Effects of walnut green husk extract on ruminal fermentation of sheep with subacute ruminal acidosis[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(6):3824-3834.(in Chinese)
[14] 傅启高, 雒秋江.用邻-甲酚酞比色法测定饲料中钙含量的研究[J].动物营养学报, 1996, 8(3):25-30. FU Q G, LUO Q J.Determination of feed calcium contents by o-cresolphthalein complexone colorimetry[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 1996, 8(3):25-30.(in Chinese)
[15] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2007. ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Techniques[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2007.(in Chinese)
[16] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 20806-2022饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2022. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF MARKET REGULATION, STANDARDIZATION ADMINI-STRATION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.GB/T 20806-2022 Determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in feeds[S].Beijing:China Standards Publishing House, 2022.(in Chinese)
[17] 中华人民共和国农业农村部.NY/T 1459-2022饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定[S].北京:中国农业出版社, 2022. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.NY/T 1459-2022 Determination of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in feeds[S].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2022.(in Chinese)
[18] MURPHY J J, KENNELLY J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1987, 70(9):1841-1849.
[19] NEWBOLD C J, LOPEZ S, NELSON N, et al.Propionate precursors and other metabolic intermediates as possible alternative electron acceptors to methanogenesis in ruminal fermentation in vitro[J].British Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 94(1):27-35.
[20] 郭旭东.芦丁对奶牛泌乳性能, 瘤胃消化代谢和对大鼠乳腺发育的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2011. GUO X D.Studies of rutin's role on lactation performance, the rumen digestion and metabolism in dairy cows, and the development of mammary glands in rats[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2011.(in Chinese)
[21] 王芃芃, 谭支良.反刍动物瘤胃微生物氨同化作用研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2010, 2(5):1171-1176. WANG P P, TAN Z L.Research advances in characterisation of ammonia-assimilation of microorganisms in the rumen[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2010, 2(5):1171-1176.(in Chinese)
[22] 刘少娟, 陈家顺, 康保聚, 等.α-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(9):3193-3201. LIU S J, CHEN J S, KANG B J, et al.Effects of dietary a-ketoglutarate and allicin on growing development and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(9):3193-3201.(in Chinese)
[23] 王金泉, 项方献, 姚刚.中草药结合AKG对断奶仔猪生长及消化吸收功能的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(5):27-31. WANG J Q, XIANG F X, YAO G.Effects of Chinese herbs combined with α-ketoglutarate on the growth and gastrointestinal tract function in weaned pigs[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 39(5):27-31.(in Chinese)
[24] 孙海军, 郭乃维, 张鑫, 等.葡萄糖代谢中间产物对机体代谢的影响及其在猪生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报, 2023, 35(5):2748-2755. SUN H J, GUO N W, ZHANG X, et al.Effects of glucose metabolic intermediates on whole-body metabolism and their applications in pig production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(5):2748-2755.(in Chinese)
[25] TATARA M R, BRODZKI A, KRUPSKI W, et al.Effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on bone homeostasis and plasma amino acids in turkeys[J].Poultry Science, 2005, 84(10):1604-1609.
[26] 陈家顺, 吴飞, 段叶辉, 等.饲粮添加α-酮戊二酸对生长猪氮及钙、磷代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2016, 28(7):2154-2161. CHEN J S, WU F, DUAN Y H, et al.Effects of dietary α-ketoglutarate supplementation on nitrogen and calcium & phosphorus metabolism of growing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(7):2154-2161.(in Chinese)
[27] PIVA A, MORLACCHINI M, PRANDINI A, et al.α-ketoglutaric acid reduces nitrogen losses in rats fed nitrogen-free diet[A].Digestive Physiology of Pigs.Proceedings of the 8th Symposium, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences[C].2001.
[28] 余亮彬.日粮添加酮戊二酸对生长肥猪生长性能、氮平衡、钙磷代谢及骨成分的影响[J].中国饲料, 2018, 8:30-34. YU L B.Effects of supplementation of ketoglutarate on growth performance, nitrogen balance, metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, and bone components of growing pigs[J]. China Feed, 2018, 8:30-34.(in Chinese)
[29] JONGBLOED A W, MROZ Z, WEIJ-JONGBLOED R V D, et al.The effects of microbial phytase, organic acids and their interaction in diets for growing pigs[J].Livestock Production Science, 2000, 67(1-2):113-122.