烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃乳酸代谢及其相关酶活力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究烟酰胺(nicotinamide,NAM)对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵状况、乳酸代谢及其相关酶活力的影响,为烟酰胺调控瘤胃碳水化合物代谢提供数据参考。【方法】选取体况良好,泌乳日龄(170 d±50 d)、胎次(2.23±0.62)、产奶量(36.17 kg±7.40 kg)相近且健康的泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为对照组和3个试验组(NAM7、NAM11和NAM15),每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,NAM7、NAM11和NAM15组分别在基础饲粮中添加7、11和15 g/d烟酰胺,试验期共75 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d。于正试期第30、60天晨饲前采集瘤胃液,利用高效气相色谱仪测定瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等挥发性脂肪酸含量及丙酮酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸浓度;采用分光光度计法测定乳酸、丙酮酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶等指标。【结果】①3个试验组奶牛瘤胃发酵效率极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),其中,NAM7组奶牛瘤胃发酵效率极显著高于NAM11和NAM15组(P＜0.01)。②NAM7组奶牛瘤胃内丙酮酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),乳酸浓度显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。③3个试验组奶牛氧化态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD⁺)浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),NAM7组奶牛NAD⁺浓度极显著高于NAM11和NAM15组(P＜0.01);NAM7组奶牛瘤胃内丙酮酸激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)浓度和乳酸脱氢酶活力均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。【结论】烟酰胺能够提高荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵效率、NAD⁺、丙酮酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸浓度及丙酮酸激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶活力;降低瘤胃内乳酸、NADH浓度及乳酸脱氢酶活力;推荐烟酰胺添加量为7 g/d最佳。

关键词: 烟酰胺; 泌乳期奶牛; 瘤胃发酵; 乳酸; 乳酸代谢相关酶

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effect of nicotinamide (NAM) on rumen fermentation status and lactate metabolism and its related enzyme activity in lactating dairy cows,and provide data reference for nicotinamide regulating rumen carbohydrate metabolism.【Method】 Forty Holstein dairy cows in good body condition,with similar lactation age (170 d±50 d),litter size (2.23±0.62),milk yield (36.17 kg±7.40 kg) and health,were randomly divided into control and experiment groups (NAM7,NAM11 and NAM15),with 10 dairy cows in each group.The cows in control group were fed the basal diet,while the cows in NAM7,NAM11 and NAM15 groups were supplemented with 7,11 and 15 g/d nicotinamide in the basic diet,respectively.The experiment period lasted for a total of 75 d,including 15 d for the pre-test period and 60 d for the trial period.Rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding on days 30 and 60 of the trial period,and the levels of volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid,and the concentrations of pyruvic acid,malic acid and succinic acid in rumen fluid were determined by high performance gas chromatography.The lactic acid,pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined by spectrophotometer.【Result】 ①The rumen fermentation efficiency of dairy cows in three experiment groups were extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.01),among which,the rumen fermentation efficiency of dairy cows in NAM7 group was extremely significantly higher than that in NAM11 and NAM15 groups (P＜0.01).②The concentrations of rumen pyruvate,malate and succinate in NAM7 group were significantly higher and the lactic acid concentration in NAM7 group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).③The NAD⁺ concentration in three experiment groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the NAD⁺ concentration in NAM7 group was extremely significantly higher than that in NAM11 and NAM15 groups (P＜0.01).The activities of rumen pyruvate kinase,malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in NAM7 group were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the NADH concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Nicotinamide could improve rumen fermentation efficiency,the concentrations of NAD⁺,pyruvic acid,malic acid and succinic acid,and the activities of pyruvate kinase,malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in Holstein dairy cows,reduce the concentrations of lactic acid and NADH,and lactate dehydrogenase activity in rumen.The recommended nicotinamide addition rate was 7 g/d.

Key words: niacinamide; lactating dairy cows; rumen fermentation; lactic acid; lactate metabolism related enzyme

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

刘拓, 努热耶·吾斯曼, 臧长江, 成志强, 刘建成, 南冰禹, 李凤鸣, 李云梦, 仇娅琪, 院东, 王永力. 烟酰胺对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃乳酸代谢及其相关酶活力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(12): 4868-4875.

LIU Tuo, NUREYE·Wusiman, ZANG Changjiang, CHENG Zhiqiang, LIU Jiancheng, NAN Bingyu, LI Fengming, LI Yunmeng, QIU Yaqi, YUAN Dong, WANG Yongli. Effects of Nicotinamide on Rumen Lactate Metabolism and Related Enzyme Activities in Lactating Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(12): 4868-4875.

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