复合植物精油对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡肠道屏障和抗氧化功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究复合植物精油对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡肠道屏障和抗氧化功能的影响。【方法】将288只1日龄、体重相近(38 g±2 g)、健康的罗斯308肉鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组和感染组饲喂基础饲粮,感染＋CTA(肉桂醛、百里香酚和茴香醛按照质量比为1∶3∶1组成)和感染＋CAT(肉桂醛、茴香醛和百里香酚按照质量为1∶3∶1组成)组分别在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg复合植物精油。感染组、感染＋CTA组、感染＋CAT组肉鸡在14~20日龄连续经口灌服1×10⁸ CFU/mL 产气荚膜梭菌(1 mL/d),对照组肉鸡灌喂等体积的疱肉培养基。试验期42 d。于试验第21、28天,采集肉鸡血液、十二指肠、空肠、回肠样品,用以检测血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性与血浆抗氧化指标,观察肠道形态结构,检测空肠屏障相关基因的mRNA水平和抗氧化指标。【结果】与对照组相比,产气荚膜梭菌感染提高了21、28日龄肉鸡血清DAO活性,降低了21日龄空肠与28日龄十二指肠的绒毛高度(VH)与隐窝深度(CD)的比值(VH/CD)(P＜0.05)。与感染组相比,饲粮中添加CTA、CAT均可缓解因产气荚膜梭菌感染引起的血清DAO升高及回肠VH降低(P＜0.05);添加CTA上调了21日龄肉鸡空肠闭合基因(occludin)、紧密连接蛋白-1(claudin-1)、黏蛋白-5ac(mucin5ac)的mRNA相对表达量,上调了28日龄肉鸡闭合连接蛋白-1(ZO-1)的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05);添加CAT上调了28日龄肉鸡ZO-1、occludin、claudin-1、脂肪酸结合蛋白2(FABP2)的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05);此外,添加CTA和CAT均提高了28日龄感染肉鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加复合植物精油可改善产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡的肠道屏障和抗氧化功能。

关键词: 产气荚膜梭菌; 复合植物精油; 肉鸡; 肠道屏障; 抗氧化功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed at investigating the effect of complex plant essential oils on the intestinal barrier and antioxidant function of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens).【Method】 A total of 288 1-day-old healthy Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates per treatment and 12 birds each.The birds in the control and infected groups were fed the basal diet.The diet of infection＋CTA and infection＋CAT groups were supplemented with 100 mg/kg of complex plant essential oils,respectively.CTA was composed of cinnamaldehyde,thymol and anisaldehyde with a ratio of 1∶3∶1,and CAT was composed of cinnamaldehyde,anisaldehyde and thymol with a ratio of 1∶3∶1.Continuous oral irrigation 1×10⁸ CFU/mL C.perfringens (1 mL/d) was administered to broilers in the infection,infection＋CTA and infection＋CAT groups from day 14 to day 20 of the trial.The birds in the control group were fed with an equal volume of blister meat medium.The animal trial lasted for 42 days.On days 21 and 28 of the trial,the blood,duodenum,jejunum and ileum of broilers were collected.The serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and the plasma levels of antioxidant-related indexes were measured.Additionally,the intestinal morphology was observed,and then the mRNA levels of jejunal barrier-related genes and antioxidant-related indexes in the jejunum were investigated.【Result】 Compared with the control group,C.perfringens infection increased the serum DAO activity on days 21 and 28 (P＜0.05),and downregulated the ratio of villi height to crypt depth (VH/CD) of jejunum on day 21 and of duodenum on day 28 of the trial (P＜0.05).Compared with the infection group,the serum activity of DAO was reduced and VH of ileum was raised with CTA and CAT treated (P＜0.05).In addition,the mRNA levels of occludin,claudin-1 and mucin-5ac in the jejunum on day 21 and ZO-1 on day 28 were upregulated with CTA supplemented.The transcription levels of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-1 and FABP2 on day 28 were elevated with CAT treated (P＜0.05).Additionally,the plasma activity of GSH-Px was increased with CTA and CAT treated (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Dietary supplementation of compound plant essential oil could improve the intestinal barrier and antioxidant function of broilers challenged with C.perfringens.

Key words: Clostridium perfringens; complex plant essential oils; broiler; intestinal barrier; antioxidant function

中图分类号:

S816.7

孙香雪, 宁楠, 徐欢欢, 郭双双, 赵迪, 王蕾, 李鹏, 侯永清. 复合植物精油对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡肠道屏障和抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(9): 3573-3583.

SUN Xiangxue, NING Nan, XU Huanhuan, GUO Shuangshuang, ZHAO Di, WANG Lei, LI Peng, HOU Yongqing. Effects of Complex Plant Essential Oils on Intestinal Barrier and Antioxidant Function of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Clostridium perfringens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(9): 3573-3583.

参考文献

[1] 于旭磊.产气荚膜梭菌流行特点及其噬菌体遗传背景分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2020. YU X L.Epidemiological characteristics of Clostridium perfringens and analysis of its phage genetic background[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[2] 唐镇海,袁建敏.植物精油替抗的研究进展及机理[J].饲料工业,2021,42(2):18-23. TANG Z H,YUAN J M.Research progress and mechanism of plant essential oil anti-resistance[J].Feed Industry,2021,42(2):18-23.(in Chinese)
[3] 张嘉琦,张会艳,赵青余,等.植物精油对畜禽肠道健康、免疫调节和肉品质的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(5):2439-2451. ZHANG J Q,ZHANG H Y,ZHAO Q Y,et al.Research progress of plant essential oils on intestinal health,immune regulation and meat quality of livestock and poultry[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(5):2439-2451.(in Chinese)
[4] 吴建挺,张悦丽,张博,等.11种植物精油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性研究[J].植物科学学报,2013,31(2):198-202. WU J T,ZHANG Y L,ZHANG B,et al.Study on the bacteriostatic activity of 11 kinds of plant essential oils on 6 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi[J]. Plant Science Journal,2013,31(2):198-202.(in Chinese)
[5] 张文静,雷连成,魏静元.植物精油对肉仔鸡脏器指数、血清中激素含量和抗氧化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(24):9-12. ZHANG W J,LEI L C,WEI J Y.Effects of plant essential oils on organ index,serum hormone content and antioxidant indexes of broiler chickens[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(24):9-12.(in Chinese)
[6] SHEN C,CHRISTENSEN L G,BAK S Y,et al.Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines[J].Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition,2020,8(1):21-30.
[7] 云莉,倪雅丽.茴香醛对变异链球菌的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性[J].热带生物学报,2022,13(6):614-621. YUN L,NI Y L.Antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity of anisaldehyde against Streptococcus mutans[J].Journal of Tropical Biology,2022,13(6):614-621.(in Chinese)
[8] HOU Y,WANG L,YI D,et al.N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammation in the small intestine by regulating redox,EGF and TLR4 signaling[J].Amino Acids,2013,45(3):513-522.
[9] CAI J,CHEN H,WENG M,et al.Diagnostic and clinical significance of serum levels of D-lactate and diamine oxidase in patients with Crohn’s disease[J].Gastroenterology Research and Practice,2019,2019:8536952.
[10] YU H T,DING X L,LI N,et al.Dietary supplemented antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 improves the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,fecal microbiota,and intestinal barrier function of weaned pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(11):5064-5076.
[11] DING S,WANG Y,YAN W,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 15-1 and fructooligosaccharides on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 challenge[J].PLoS One,2019,14(6):e0212079.
[12] LIU Y,YANG X,XIN H,et al.Effects of a protected inclusion of organic acids and essential oils as antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance,intestinal morphology and gut microflora in broilers[J]. Animal Science Journal,2017,88(9):1414-1424.
[13] PAIVA D,WALK C,MCELROY A.Dietary calcium,phosphorus,and phytase effects on bird performance,intestinal morphology,mineral digestibility,and bone ash during a natural necrotic enteritis episode[J]. Poultry Science,2014,93(11):2752-2762.
[14] 江小帆,吴涛,魏玉明,等.饲粮中添加牛至精油对芦花鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和肠道形态的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2022,34(1):41-49. JIANG X F,WU T,WEI Y M,et al.Effects of oregano essential oil added to feed on growth performance,slaughtering performance,organ index and intestinal morphology of reed chicken[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2022,34(1):41-49.(in Chinese)
[15] 李文菁,魏凯敏,张少秋,等.核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(6):2056-2065. LI W J,WEI K M,ZHANG S Q,et al.Effects of walnut green peel and its extract on intestinal morphology,mucosal antioxidant activity and microbial diversity of Yellow-feather broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2021,48(6):2056-2065.(in Chinese)
[16] SUN J,ZHANG C,ZHANG B.Research Note:Effects of organic zinc on broiler intestinal permeability and integrity in Clostridium perfringens-challenged condition[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(12):6653-6656.
[17] CHENG Y H,HORNG Y B,DYBUS A,et al.Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products improve growth performance and intestinal gut morphology in broilers under Clostridium perfringens challenge[J]. Journal of Poultry Science,2021,58(1):30-39.
[18] LI Z,WANG W,LIU D,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9(3):689-698.
[19] ZHANG H,DING X,BAI S,et al.Alleviating effect of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid,Enterococcus faecium and essential oil complex on coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2022,101(4):101720.
[20] MOHARRERI M,VAKILI R,OSKOUEIAN E,et al.Phytobiotic role of essential oil-loaded microcapsules in improving the health parameters in Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2021,20(1):2075-2085.
[21] DU E,WANG W,GAN L,et al.Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2016,7:19.
[22] ZENG Z,ZHANG S,WANG H,et al.Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition:A review[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2015,6(1):7.
[23] GOLDER H M,GEIER M S,FORDER R E,et al.Effects of necrotic enteritis challenge on intestinal micro-architecture and mucin profile[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(4):500-506.
[24] LIU D,GUO S,GUO Y.Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens[J]. Avian Pathology,2012,41(3):291-298.
[25] 魏庆,魏朝阳,王克玮,等.植物精油和柠檬酸复合物对肉鸡肠道屏障功能及炎症反应的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(11):4014-4024. WEI Q,WEI Z Y,WANG K W,et al.Effects of plant essential oil-citric acid complex on intestinal barrier function and inflammatory response of broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2021,48(11):4014-4024.(in Chinese)
[26] CAI L,KANG Y J.Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy[J].Cardiovascular Toxicology,2001,1(3):181-193.
[27] 揣云海,孙学军,蔡建明.氢气生物学及其医学应用[J].生物物理学报,2012,28(9):705-718. CHUAI Y H,SUN X J,CAI J M.Hydrogen biology and its medical applications[J].Acta Biophysica Sinica,2012,28(9):705-718.(in Chinese)
[28] CHENG Y C,XIE X,SHI L L,et al.Effects of rare earth-chitosan chelate on growth performance,antioxidative and immune function in broilers[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2022,21(1):303-313.
[29] 郗洪生,刘金松,董泽涵,等.肉桂精油在家禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J].饲料研究,2023,5:147-150. XI H S,LIU J S,DONG Z H,et al.Research progress of cinnamon essential oil in poultry feed[J].Feed Research,2023,5:147-150.(in Chinese)
[30] ZHANG L Y,PENG Q Y,LIU Y R,et al.Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance,antioxidant status,and intestinal health of broilers[J]. Poultry Science,2021,100(7):101163.
[31] 马伟斌,高宪儒.日粮中添加植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2021,44(5):47-50. MA W B,GAO X R.Effects of dietary addition of plant essential oils on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant function of broiler chickens[J].Feed Research,2021,44(5):47-50.(in Chinese)