发酵杜仲叶对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能和免疫相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同菌发酵杜仲叶对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能、脏器及肠道免疫相关基因表达的影响,为新型替抗添加剂的研发提供科学依据。【方法】将基础饲粮(A组)及屎肠球菌发酵杜仲叶(B组)、植物乳杆菌发酵杜仲叶(C组)、屎肠球菌和植物乳杆菌混合发酵杜仲叶(D组)饲粮饲喂肉鸡,在第28和56天分别称重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);心脏采血检测血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)指标;采集肉鸡脾脏、肝脏、回肠组织,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和IL-10基因表达量。【结果】①与A组相比,1~28和1~56 d,B、C、D组ADG显著提高,F/G显著降低(P＜0.05);29~56 d,B、C组ADG显著提高,B、C、D组F/G显著降低(P＜0.05)。②饲喂28、56 d,B、C组GSX-Px活性显著高于A组(P＜0.05)。③与A组相比,饲喂28 d,B、C、D组脾脏以及D组回肠IFN-γ基因mRNA表达量均显著提高(P＜0.05);饲喂56 d,B、D组肝脏以及B、C、D组脾脏、回肠IFN-γ基因mRNA表达量均显著提高(P＜0.05)。④与A组相比,饲喂28 d,B、D组回肠IL-6基因mRNA表达量显著降低(P＜0.05);饲喂56 d,D组肝脏、C和D组脾脏以及B、D组回肠IL-6基因mRNA表达量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑤与A组相比,饲喂28 d,B、D组回肠IL-10基因mRNA表达量显著提高(P＜0.05);饲喂56 d,B、C、D组肝脏及回肠IL-10基因mRNA表达量均显著提高(P＜0.05)。⑥与A组相比,饲喂28 d,D组脾脏及B、C、D组回肠iNOS基因mRNA表达量均显著提高(P＜0.05);饲喂56 d,C、D组肝脏、脾脏以及B、C、D组回肠iNOS基因mRNA表达量均显著提高(P＜0.05)。【结论】在饲料中添加不同益生菌发酵杜仲叶能促进肉鸡生产性能,并对血清抗氧化指标及肠道免疫相关基因产生影响。

关键词: 肉鸡; 发酵杜仲叶; 生产性能; 抗氧化性能; 免疫相关基因

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was aimed to study the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaves fermented by different probiotics on the performance,antioxidant performance,organ and intestinal immune related gene expression of broilers,so as to provide scientific basis for the research and development of new additives to replace antibiotics.【Method】 In this study,broilers were fed with basal diet (group A), and diets supplied with Eucommia ulmoides leaves fermented by Enterococcus faecium (group B), Eucommia ulmoides leaves fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (group C) and Eucommia ulmoides leaves mixed fermented by Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum (group D).The average daily feed intake (ADFI),average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) were weighed and calculated on the 28th and 56th days,respectively.The indexes of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum were detected by cardiac blood sampling.The spleen,liver and ileal tissues of broilers were collected to detect the expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ),nitrick oxide synthase (iNOS),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 by Real-time quantitative PCR.【Result】 ① Compared with group A,ADG were significantly increased and F/G were significantly decreased in groups B,C and D from 1 to 28 and 1 to 56 d (P＜0.05);ADG in groups B and C were significantly increased,and F/G in groups B,C and D were significantly reduced from 29 to 56 d (P＜0.05).② The activity of GSX-Px in groups B and C were significantly increased at 28 and 56 d (P＜0.05).③ Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of IFN-γ gene in spleen of groups B, C and D and ileum of group D were significantly increased after feeding for 28 d (P＜0.05);The mRNA expression of IFN-γ gene in liver of groups B and D,spleen and cecum of groups B,C and D were significantly increased after feeding for 56 d (P＜0.05).④ Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of IL-6 gene in ileum of groups B and D were significantly decreased after feeding for 28 d (P＜0.05);The mRNA expression of IL-6 gene in liver of group D,spleen of groups C and D,and ileum of groups B and D were significantly decreased after feeding for 56 d (P＜0.05).⑤ Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of IL-10 gene in ileum of groups B and D were increased after feeding for 28 d (P＜0.05);The mRNA expression of IL-10 gene in liver and ileum of groups B,C and D were significantly increased after feeding for 56 d(P＜0.05).⑥ Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of iNOS gene in spleen of group D and ileum of groups B,C and D were significantly increased after feeding for 28 d (P＜0.05);The mRNA expression of iNOS gene in liver and spleen of groups C and D,and ileum of groups B,C and D were significantly increased after feeding for 56 d (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Adding different probiotics to ferment Eucommia ulmoides leaves in diet could promote the performance of broilers,and affect the serum antioxidant indexes and intestinal immune related genes.

Key words: broilers; fermented Eucommia ulmoides leaves; production performance; antioxidant properties; immune related genes

中图分类号:

S816.73

乔宏兴, 张菡, 赵圣振, 孙彦婷, 张晓静, 康宇, 边传周. 发酵杜仲叶对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能和免疫相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(5): 1845-1854.

QIAO Hongxing, ZHANG Han, ZHAO Shengzhen, SUN Yanting, ZHANG Xiaojing, KANG Yu, BIAN Chuanzhou. Effects of Fermented Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on Production Performance, Antioxidant Properties and Immune Related Gene Expression in Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(5): 1845-1854.

参考文献

[1] 吕秀莉,岳莹雪,平丽筠,等.益生菌黏附机制及其拮抗肠道致病菌研究进展[J/OL].食品科学,2022,网络首发[2022-08-19]. LYU X L,YUE Y X,PING L J,et al.Research progress on the adhesion mechanism of probiotics and the antagonistic effects of probiotics against intestinal pathogens[J/OL].Food Science,2022,Epub ahead of print[2022-08-19].(in Chinese)
[2] 白泽方,汪学猛.中草药炮制中微生物的作用机制研究[J].化工设计通讯,2022,48(7):178-180. BAI Z F,WANG X M.Study on the mechanism of action of microorganisms in the processing of Chinese herbal medicine[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications,2022,48(7):178-180.(in Chinese)
[3] 王婷婷,贾娟,杨雯雯.杜仲黄酮类化合物提取方法研究进展[J].中国果菜,2022,42(5):34-37. WANG T T,JIA J,YANG W W.Research progress in the extraction methods of flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides[J].China Fruit&Vegetable,2022,42(5):34-37.(in Chinese)
[4] 张文静,徐秋燕,梁勇.杜仲叶的化学成分提取工艺及其在动物养殖中的应用[J].养殖与饲料,2022,21(5):21-25. ZHANG W J,XU Q Y,LIANG Y.Extraction technology of chemical components from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and its application in animal husbandry[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2022,21(5):21-25.(in Chinese)
[5] 毛亚芳,周振波,杜红岩,等.杜仲叶粉对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质、血清生化指标、屠宰性能及肉质性状的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(1):161-171. MAO Y F,ZHOU Z B,DU H Y,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaves powder on egg quality,serum biochemical indexes,slaughtering performance and meat quality in green-shell layers[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2021,48(1):161-171.(in Chinese)
[6] 梅德洪.杜仲叶发酵饲料工艺优化及其对肉牛生产性能的影响[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2021. MEI D H.Optimization of Eucommia ulmoides fermented feed technology and its effect on beef cattle production performance[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2021.(in Chinese)
[7] 李民学.杜仲发酵饲料添加剂研制及对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2021. LI M X.Development of Eucommia fermented feed additive and its effect on the production performance of laying hens[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2021.(in Chinese)
[8] 许永海.儿童腺病毒肺炎急性期IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ和hs-CRP水平及临床意义[J].中外医学研究,2021,19(26):65-67. XU Y H.The level and clinical significance of IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and hs-CRP in children with Adenovirus pneumonia in acute stage[J].Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2021,19(26):65-67.(in Chinese)
[9] 朱凤,范恒.复方苦参汤对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织中iNOS和COX-2蛋白表达的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2021,36(1):416-419. ZHU F,FAN H.Effects of compound Kushen decoction on the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in colonic tissues of ulcerative colitis mice[J].China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,2021,36(1):416-419.(in Chinese)
[10] 章琳俐,李丽,辛清武,等.半番鸭谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的组织表达与酶活力研究[J].江西农业学报,2020,32(2):110-114. ZHANG L L,LI L,XIN Q W,et al.Gene expression and enzyme activity of GSH-Px in tissues of mule duck[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2020,32(2):110-114.(in Chinese)
[11] 滕丹,张驰.谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与人类几种疾病的研究进展[J].山东化工,2021,50(22):97-99. TENG D,ZHANG C.Research progress of glutathione peroxidase and several human diseases[J].Shandong Chemical Industry,2021,50(22):97-99.(in Chinese)
[12] 乔宏兴.植物乳杆菌生物转化黄芪的代谢组学及其在蛋鸡中的饲用效果研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2020. QIAO H X.Study on metabolomics of Astragalus membranaceus biologicaly converted by Lactobacillus plantarum and its effect on feeding laying hens[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[13] 马威,董文龙,刘嘉琳,等.乳酸菌发酵中药在畜牧养殖中的应用[J].家畜生态学报,2022,43(11):79-82. MA W,DONG W L,LIU J L,et al.Application of traditional chinese medicine fermented by lactic acid bacteria in animal husbandry[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2022,43(11):79-82.(in Chinese)
[14] 屈青松,周晴,石艳双,等.乳酸菌发酵中药功能及其增效机制的研究进展[J].环球中医药,2022,15(9):1707-1715. QU Q S,ZHOU Q,SHI Y S,et al.Research progress on the function of TCM fermented by Lactobacillus and its synergistic mechanism[J].Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,2022,15(9):1707-1715.(in Chinese)
[15] 段明房,胡红伟,闫凌鹏,等.发酵杜仲叶粉对蛋鸡蛋、肉品质和风味及盲肠微生物的影响[J].中国饲料,2017,6:19-23. DUAN M F,HU H W,YAN L P,et al.Effects of fermented Eucommia ulmoides leaves on egg quality,chicken quality and caecum microflora in layers[J].China Feed,2017,6:19-23.(in Chinese)
[16] 曹银娣,张旭晖,孙智远,等.银杏-杜仲叶复合发酵物对肉鸡抗氧化能力和胸肌肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(3):1386-1395. CAO Y D,ZHANG X H,SUN Z Y,et al.Effects of fermented Ginkgo biloba-Eucommia ulmoides leaves on antioxidant capacity and breast meat quality of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(3):1386-1395.(in Chinese)
[17] 张晓思,钟秀会.黄芩白术对着床期小鼠IFN-γ、IL-10及NO含量的影响[J].动物医学进展,2010,31(6):80-84. ZHANG X S,ZHONG X H.Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis and Atractylodes macrocephala on IFN-γ,IL-10 and NO contents in mice of embryo implantation[J]. Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2010,31(6):80-84.(in Chinese)
[18] 庞立丽,段招军,罗迪贤,等.干扰素作用机制的研究进展[J].皮肤科学通报,2021,38(6):485-491. PANG L L,DUAN Z J,LUO D X,et al.Research advances in mechanisms of interferon[J].Dermatology Bulletin,2021,38(6):485-491.(in Chinese)
[19] 任爱军.杜仲叶与益生素对蛋鸡免疫功能影响的比较研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015. REN A J.Comparative study of the effects of Eucommia leaves and probiotics on immune function of laying hens[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015.(in Chinese)
[20] 张瑞仙.杜仲叶、金银花对蛋鸡生产性能、免疫力、胆固醇代谢及蛋品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2012. ZHANG R X.Effects of Eucommia ulmidesoliv leaves,honeysukle on production performance,immunity,cholesterol metabolism and egg quality of hens[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2012.(in Chinese)
[21] 李凤龙,任爱军,蔡国鹤,等.发酵杜仲叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇和脂质代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(8):1137-1143. LI F L,REN A J,CAI G H,et al.Effects of fermented-Eucommia ulmoides leaves on performance,egg quality,and lipid metabolism of layers[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2016,25(8):1137-1143.(in Chinese)
[22] 张凤舜.IL-6、TNF-α在子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病发生发展中作用的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2022. ZHANG F S.Study on the role of IL-6 and TNF-α in the development of endometriosis and adenomyosis[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2022.(in Chinese)
[23] 汪显阳,赵慧卿.一氧化氮与中医药调节作用的研究进展[J].中国中医药科技,2002,6:373-377. WANG X Y,ZHAO H Q.Research progress of nitric oxide and the regulating effect of traditional chinese medicine[J].Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Science and Technology,2002,6:373-377.(in Chinese)
[24] 赵飞,史彬林,陈宏燕,等.艾蒿水提物对肉仔鸡血清细胞因子含量及小肠诱导型一氧化氮合成酶mRNA表达量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):290-297. ZHAO F,SHI B L,CHEN H Y,et al.Effects of Artemisia argyi aqueous extract on serum cytokines contents and small intestine inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression level of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(1):290-297.(in Chinese)
[25] 刘晴雪,董晓芳,佟建明,等.水溶性苜蓿多糖对肉仔鸡生长及免疫性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2010,7:1-4. LIU Q X,DONG X F,TONG J M,et al.Effects of water-soluble alfalfa polysaccharides on growth and immune performance of broilers[J].Feed Research,2010,7:1-4.(in Chinese)
[26] 萨仁娜,佟建明,何春年,等.海带岩藻聚糖及其级分在氧化应激条件下对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3256-3263. SA R N,TONG J M,HE C N,et al.Effect of fucoidan and fraction isolated from Laminaria japonica on immunity of broiler macrophages under oxidation stress condition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(10):3256-3263.(in Chinese)