家禽运输应激及其缓解措施研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 运输是贯穿家禽生产到屠宰期间的重要环节。随着消费者对禽产品需求量的增长,家禽养殖业得到快速发展,家禽运输越来越频繁,由此产生的家禽运输应激也备受关注。运输应激是指运输过程中家禽受到各种应激原的刺激,如饥饿、口渴、气候、拥挤、噪音、振动、混群、体力消耗、运输持续时间和病原菌入侵等综合作用的结果,引起运输应激综合征。运输应激会导致家禽生产性能下降甚至死亡,引起家禽神经内分泌、免疫和能量供应系统功能异常,造成机体组织发生损伤,肉品质变差,还会诱发肠道氧化应激,导致肠道菌群紊乱,破坏肠道健康,进而影响家禽的生长发育及健康状况,不仅损害家禽福利,也给家禽业带来严重经济损失和资源浪费。可通过缩短运输时间、给予宰前休息、控制密度、防寒降温、以及补充中草药与植物提取物、微量元素和其他功能性添加剂等措施缓解家禽运输应激。笔者综述了运输应激对家禽生产性能、内分泌与免疫性能、肉品质与肠道健康等方面的影响,以及缓解家禽运输应激的相关措施,以期为家禽运输应激研究及其缓解调控提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 运输应激; 家禽; 生产性能; 肠道健康; 肉品质

Abstract: Transportation is an important part during poultry production to slaughter.With the increasing demand for poultry products from consumers,poultry breeding industry has been developing rapidly,which makes transportation become more and more frequent in poultry.The impact of poultry transportation has attracted much attention.Transportation stress refers to the combined effects of various stressors,such as hunger,thirst,climate,crowding,noise,vibration,mixing,physical consumption,transport duration and pathogen invasion,which cause transport stress syndrome.Transportation stress would lead to the decline of poultry production performance or even death,cause the abnormal function of neuroendocrine,immune and energy supply systems in poultry,cause damage to the body tissues,worsen the meat quality,and also induce intestinal oxidative stress and lead to gut microbiota disorder,damage intestinal health,and thus affecting the growth,development and health of poultry.These not only damage poultry welfare,but also bring serious economic losses and resource waste to the poultry industry.Therefore,the transportation stress of poultry could be alleviated by shortening the transportation time,giving appropriate pre-slaughter rest,controlling density,preventing cold and cooling,and supplementing Chinese herbal medicine and plant extracts,trace elements and other functional additives.The authors summarized the effects of transportation stress on poultry production performance,endocrine and immune performance,meat quality and intestinal health,and reviewed the related measures to alleviate transportation stress,in order to provide important reference for research on poultry transportation stress and its mitigation regulation.

Key words: transportation stress; poultry; growth performance; intestinal health; meat quality

中图分类号:

Q494

熊太第, 蒋守群, 张辉华, 朱翠. 家禽运输应激及其缓解措施研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(3): 977-988.

XIONG Taidi, JIANG Shouqun, ZHANG Huihua, ZHU Cui. Research Progress on Transportation Stress and Its Mitigation Measures in Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 977-988.

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