发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉，根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮，对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉，发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉，预试期7 d，正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重，于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰，采集血液、左侧胸肌样品，测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后，活菌数超过2.0×10⁸ CFU/g，粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05；P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01；P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05；P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比，3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量，减少番鸭脂质过氧化，提高机体抗氧化能力。此外，3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。

关键词: 穿心莲粉; 番鸭; 免疫功能; 抗氧化指标; 生产性能; 脂肪酸含量

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fermented Andrographis powder on production performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune related indexes, antioxidant indexes and fatty acid content of muscle in Muscovy ducks.【Method】 Andrographis powder was fermented by compound bacteria (the mass ratio of yeast and lactic acid bacteria was 1:1), and its microecological function and medicinal value were analyzed according to the changes of components after fermentation.450 15-day-old Black feather muscovy ducks weighing about 250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups, 6 repetitions in each group, 15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group Ⅰ were fed with basic diet, while in control group Ⅱ were added with 3% Andrographis powder in basic diet, in fermentation group Ⅰ, fermentation group Ⅱ and fermentation group Ⅲ were added with 1%, 3% and 5% fermented Andrographis powder in basic diet respectively.The pre-feeding period was 7 d and the feeding period was 48 d.The muscovy ducks were weighed at the age of 16, 21, 42 and 70 days respectively.At the age of 70 days, 6 muscovy ducks (1 muscovy duck for each repetition) were randomly selected from each group for slaughter determination.The samples of pectoral muscle in left and blood were collected to determine serum biochemical indexes, immune related indexes, antioxidant indexes and muscle fatty acid content.【Result】 ① After Andrographis powder fermented by compound bacteria, the number of viable bacteria was more than 2.0×10⁸ CFU/g and the crude fiber content was decreased, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).② The feed weight ratio of 16-70 days old in fermentation group Ⅱ was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of control group Ⅰ and fermentation group Ⅲ (P<0.05;P<0.01).③ The slaughter rates of fermentation group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of control group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).④ The serum IL-2 level of muscovy ducks in fermentation group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and control group Ⅱ were extremely significantly higher than those in control group Ⅰand fermentation group Ⅰ (P<0.01).⑤ The serum level of malondialdehyde in fermentation group Ⅱ was extremely significantly or significantly lower than that of control group Ⅰ and control group Ⅱ (P<0.01;P<0.05).⑥ The contents of unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acids in muscle of fermentation group Ⅱ were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of control group Ⅰ (P<0.05;P<0.01).【Conclusion】 Compared with the basic diet group, 3% fermented Andrographis powder could significantly improve the production performance, serum IL-2 level, unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid content in muscle of muscovy ducks, reduce lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant capacity of muscovy ducks.In addition, the effects of 3% fermented Andrographis powder on slaughter rate and antioxidant capacity of muscovy ducks were significantly better than that of unfermented Andrographis powder in the same proportion.

Key words: Andrographis powder; muscovy ducks; immunity; antioxidant indexes; production performance; fatty acid contents

中图分类号:

S834

张强, 刘珍妮, 廖强, 雷小文, 孔智伟, 谢华亮, 谭东海, 李建军, 钟云平. 发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4614-4624.

ZHANG Qiang, LIU Zhenni, LIAO Qiang, LEI Xiaowen, KONG Zhiwei, XIE Hualiang, TAN Donghai, LI Jianjun, ZHONG Yunping. Effects of Fermented Andrographis Powder on Production Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Immune Related Indexes, Antioxidant Indexes and Fatty Acid Contents of Muscle in Muscovy Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4614-4624.

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