复合有机微量元素减量添加对肉鸭血清生化、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究以低水平复合有机微量元素（铁、铜、锰、锌和硒）来取代实际生产中较高水平无机形式微量元素对肉鸭血清生化指标、免疫指标和肝脏抗氧化能力的影响，以期为肉鸭饲养中的有机微量元素减量使用提供一定的科学依据。【方法】将450只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭（公母各半）随机分成5组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只。空白对照组（NC组）于基础饲粮中不额外添加微量元素，ITM组于基础饲粮中添加NRC （1994）推荐量的无机元素（铁、铜、锰、锌和硒添加量分别为40、10、50、60、0.2 mg/kg），1/2 ITM组和1/2 OTM组分别于基础饲粮中添加50% NRC推荐量无机微量元素和50% NRC推荐量有机微量元素，1/2（ITM＋OTM）组于基础饲粮中添加50% NRC推荐量无机微量元素＋50% NRC推荐量有机微量元素。试验期42天。于试验第21和42天，每个重复随机选取1只肉鸭，采集血液和肝脏，用于测定血清生化相关指标、血清中的总蛋白及免疫球蛋白水平和肝脏中的抗氧化指标。【结果】①与NC组相比，ITM组肉鸭21和42 d时血清中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著提高（P<0.05），42 d时肉鸭血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和尿酸（UA）含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。与ITM组相比，1/2 ITM组21 d肉鸭血清中ALP活性显著降低（P<0.05），1/2（ITM＋OTM）和1/2 OTM组21和42 d肉鸭血清中ALP、ALT、AST、LDH活性及葡萄糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（T-CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、UA含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②与NC组相比，ITM组肉鸭21和42 d时血清中球蛋白（GLOB）、总蛋白（TP）、免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和免疫球蛋白M （IgM）水平以及21 d时免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均显著提高（P<0.05）。与ITM组相比，1/2 ITM组21 d肉鸭血清TP、GLOB和IgG水平以及42 d时的TP、GLOB、IgA和IgM水平均显著降低（P<0.05），1/2 OTM组21 d肉鸭血清中IgG水平显著降低（P<0.05），同时，1/2（ITM＋OTM）组和1/2 OTM组肉鸭21和42 d时肉鸭血清中白蛋白（ALB）、GLOB、TP、IgA和IgM水平均无显著差异（P>0.05）。③与NC组相比，ITM组肉鸭21和42 d时肝脏中的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn-SOD）和锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活性均显著提高（P<0.05），丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与ITM组相比，1/2 ITM组21和42 d时肝脏MDA含量显著提高（P<0.05），T-AOC以及CAT、GSH-Px、T-SOD和Cu/Zn-SOD活性均显著降低（P<0.05）；1/2 OTM组部分抗氧化物酶活性虽有所降低，但T-AOC及MDA含量并未发生显著性变化（P>0.05）。【结论】综上所述，仅饲喂50% NRC推荐剂量的复合有机微量元素即可达到传统商业剂量的无机微量元素提高免疫和抗氧化能力的效果，建议在肉鸭饲粮中以50% NRC推荐剂量的复合有机微量元素来取代传统商业剂量的无机微量元素。

关键词: 复合有机微量元素; 肉鸭; 血清生化; 免疫功能; 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of low level of compound organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, zinc and selenium) on serum biochemistry, immunity and liver antioxidant capacity of meat ducks, and to provide a certain scientific basis for the reduction and use of organic trace elements in meat duck feeding.【Method】 A total of 450 1-day-old Cherry Valley meat ducks(half male and half female) were randomly allotted into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 15 ducks in each replicate.The blank control group (NC group) was supplemented with basal diet without additional trace minerals, and the ITM group was supplemented with NRC (1994) recommended amounts of inorganic elements (40, 10, 50, 60, 0.2 mg/kg of iron, copper, manganese, zinc and selenium, respectively).In 1/2(ITM+OTM) group, 50% NRC recommended amount of inorganic trace elements plus 50% NRC recommended amount of organic trace elements were added.In 1/2 ITM group, 50% NRC recommended amount of inorganic trace elements were add.In 1/2 OTM group, 50% NRC recommended amount of organic trace elements were added.The trial period was 42 days.On the 21st and 42nd days of the experiment, one meat duck was randomly selected form each replicate, and blood and liver were collected for the determination of serum biochemical related indexes, total protein and immunoglobulin levels in serum, and antioxidant indexes in liver.【Result】 ①Compared with NC group, the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the meat ducks in ITM group was significantly increased (P<0.05) at 21st and 42nd day, meanwhile, at 42nd day, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the contents of uric acid (UA) in the serum of meat ducks were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with ITM group, the activities of serum ALP of the meat ducks in 1/2 ITM group at 21 st day was significantly decreased (P<0.05).There was no significant differences in serum activities of ALP, ALT、AST、LDH and the contents of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG) and UA of the meat ducks in 1/2 OTM and 1/2(ITM+OTM) groups at 21st day and 42nd day (P>0.05).②Compared with NC group, the serum levels of globulin (GLOB), total protein (TP), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) at 21st and 42nd day and the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) at 21st day in the meat ducks of ITM group were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with ITM group, the serum levels of TP, GLOB and IgG of meat ducks in 1/2 ITM group at 21st day and the serum levels of TP, GLOB, IgA and IgM at 42nd day were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The serum level of IgG in 1/2 OTM group at 21st day was significantly decreased (P<0.05), meanwhile, there was no significant difference in serum levels of albumin (ALB), GLOB, TP, IgA and IgM in 1/2 (ITM+OTM) and 1/2 OTM groups at 21st day and 42nd day (P>0.05).③Compared with NC group, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the liver of the meat ducks in ITM group at 21st day and 42nd day were significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of dialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with ITM group, at 21st day and 42nd day, the liver MDA content in 1/2 ITM group was significantly increased (P<0.05), T-AOC and activities of CAT, GSH-Px, T-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Although the activities of some antioxidant enzymes decreased in 1/2 OTM group, T-AOC and MDA content did not change significantly (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 In summary, only feeding 50% of the NRC recommended dose of complex organic trace elements could achieve the effect of traditional commercial doses of inorganic trace elements to improve immunity and antioxidant capacity.And it was recommended to replace traditional commercial doses of inorganic trace elements with 50% of NRC-recommended doses of complex organic trace elements in meat duck diets.

Key words: compound organic trace minerals; meat duck; serum biochemistry; immune function; antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S816.72

赵陆原, 邹晨浩, 曹久爱, 郭燕珊, 刘莉君, 占秀安, 林刚, 刘兵, 余东游. 复合有机微量元素减量添加对肉鸭血清生化、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(1): 86-96.

ZHAO Luyuan, ZOU Chenhao, CAO Jiu'ai, GUO Yanshan, LIU Lijun, ZHAN Xiu'an, LIN Gang, LIU Bing, YU Dongyou. Effects of Low Level of Compound Organic Trace Minerals on Serum Biochemistry,Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Meat Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 86-96.

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