颗粒细胞凋亡影响家禽卵泡闭锁的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 卵巢是家禽的重要繁殖器官，会产生大量卵泡，而卵泡在生长发育的各个阶段中都可能因为不同因素的调控而发生闭锁，最终导致繁殖性能衰退。颗粒细胞对卵泡的生长发育有重要调控作用，其凋亡会诱导卵泡发生闭锁。诱导颗粒细胞发生凋亡的因素较多，包括激素、细胞因子、氧化应激、线粒体及其他体外因素。颗粒细胞凋亡主要由线粒体途径导致，其涉及到半胱天冬酶（Caspase）家族参与，当线粒体裂解时会释放细胞色素C （Cyt-C），随后形成凋亡小体激活Caspase-3和Caspase-8，最终激活Caspase-9导致颗粒细胞凋亡；当颗粒细胞发生凋亡，家禽体内卵泡丧失生物功能并且卵泡细胞之间的调控失衡，促使卵泡内卵母细胞和膜细胞凋亡，最终导致卵泡发生闭锁；颗粒细胞在存活状态下所分泌的生长因子、性腺类固醇、细胞因子能减少卵母细胞氧化损伤，防止细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平过高导致的线粒体DNA损伤，从而避免线粒体功能障碍而造成的颗粒细胞凋亡。作者从颗粒细胞凋亡及其影响因素、颗粒细胞凋亡和卵泡闭锁的关系、颗粒细胞凋亡对卵泡闭锁的影响3个方面进行阐述，以期为减少卵泡闭锁、提高家禽繁殖性能提供理论依据。

关键词: 家禽; 卵泡闭锁; 颗粒细胞凋亡

Abstract: Ovary is an important reproductive organ of poultry, which can produce a large number of follicles, and follicles may be atresia in each stage of growth and development due to the regulation of different factors, resulting in the decline of reproductive performance.Granulosa cells have been proved to play an important role in regulating follicular growth and development, and their apoptosis can induce follicular atresia.There are many regulatory factors that induce apoptosis in granulosa cells, including hormones, cytokines, oxidative stress, mitochondria and other external factors.Granulosa cell apoptosis is mainly caused by the mitochondrial pathway, which involves the Caspase family, the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) when mitochondria cleaved, then the formation of apoptotic body activated Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, finally, Caspase-9 was activated to induce apoptosis of granulosa cells.When granulosa cells apoptosis occurs, follicles in poultry lose biological function and imbalances in regulation between cells within the follicle promotes the apoptosis of oocytes and membrane cells in follicles, and finally leads to follicle atresia.The growth factors, gonadal steroids and cytokines secreted by granulosa cells in the survival state can help oocytes reduce oxidative damage and prevent mitochondrial DNA damage caused by excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus avoiding apoptosis of granulosa cells caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.In order to provide theoretical basis for reducing follicular atresia and improving reproductive performance of poultry, this paper discussed the apoptosis of granulosa cells and its influencing factors, the relationship between apoptosis of granulosa cells and follicular atresia, and the effect of apoptosis of granulosa cells on follicular atresia.

Key words: poultry; follicular atresia; apoptosis of granulosa cells

中图分类号:

张颖, 李先强, 李亚娜, 王家乡, 吴艳, 皮劲松, 陈林. 颗粒细胞凋亡影响家禽卵泡闭锁的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4725-4733.

ZHANG Ying, LI Xianqiang, LI Yana, WANG Jiaxiang, WU Yan, PI Jinsong, CHEN Lin. Research Progress on Effects of Granulosa Cell Apoptosis on Follicle Atresia in Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4725-4733.

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