鱼类抗冻蛋白在动物精液、细胞、胚胎低温保存中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 抗冻蛋白（antifreeze proteins，AFPs）是一类能抑制冰晶生长并提高机体抗冻功能的蛋白质。AFPs来源广泛，在动物、植物、细菌、真菌等不同生物体内都存在。目前，研究较多、有望被推广应用于畜牧生产实践的主要是具有热滞活性和抑制冰晶重结晶活性的鱼类AFPs。鱼类AFPs的种类主要包括AFPⅠ、AFPⅡ、AFPⅢ、AFPⅣ和抗冻糖蛋白（AFGP）。尽管不同鱼类AFPs都具有抗冻功能，但是它们的组成和结构差异很大，而且对应的基因在核苷酸序列上几乎没有相似性。鱼类AFPs抗冻机制主要包括吸附-抑制学说、刚体能量学说、包合物锚定学说、亲和相互作用偶联团聚学说等。在人类、鱼类、家畜和小鼠等精液的低温保存中，鱼类AFPs可通过维持细胞膜完整性、抑制冰晶生长及减少DNA损伤等保护精子；在卵母细胞、精原细胞、红细胞及动物胚胎的低温保存中，鱼类AFPs可通过阻止冰晶化及抗氧化功能等改善保存效果。作者主要概述了鱼类AFPs种类及其结构特征和作用机制，总结了鱼类AFPs在精液、卵母细胞、精原细胞、红细胞及胚胎低温保存中的应用进展，以期为鱼类AFPs作为候选抗冻剂应用于种质资源保护和畜牧业生产提供科学依据。

关键词: 抗冻蛋白(AFPs); 精液; 细胞; 胚胎; 低温保存

Abstract: Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are proteins that inhibit the growth of ice crystals and improve the body’s antifreeze function.AFPs are widely distributed and have been identified in animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi.Until now, accumulating researches have been performed on fish AFPs which are expected to be applied in the production process of animal husbandry.Previous studies indicated that fish AFPs possess thermal hysteresis activity and ice crystal recrystallization inhibition activity.Fish AFPs are consisted of AFPⅠ, AFPⅡ, AFPⅢ, AFPⅣ and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP).Although these AFPs exert the same antifreeze effect, differences in compositions and structures were presented and homologous sequences can not be found in the corresponding genes.The antifreeze mechanism of fish AFPs mainly includes adsorption-inhibition theory, rigid body energy theory, inclusion complex anchoring theory, affinity interaction coupled agglomeration theory and so on.Fish AFPs can protect sperm by maintaining cell membrane integrity, reducing reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in cryopreserve of human, fish, livestock and mouse semen.In cryopreservation of oocytes, spermatogonia, red blood cells and animal embryos, fish AFPs can improve the preservation effect by preventing ice crystallization and antioxidant function.In this paper, the authors summarized the species, structural characteristics and mechanism of fish AFPs, and summarized the application progress of fish AFPs in cryopreservation of semen, oocytes, spermatogonial cells, red blood cells and embryos, in order to provide scientific basis for the application of fish AFPs as candidate antifreeze agents in germplasm conservation and animal husbandry production.

Key words: antifreeze proteins(AFPs); semen; cells; embryos; cryopreservation

中图分类号:

S917.4

薛丽娥, 曹嘉程, 陈德军, 饶勇勇, 林瑞意, 肖天放, 方绍明. 鱼类抗冻蛋白在动物精液、细胞、胚胎低温保存中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4715-4724.

XUE Li'e, CAO Jiacheng, CHEN Dejun, RAO Yongyong, LIN Ruiyi, XIAO Tianfang, FANG Shaoming. Research Progress on Fish Antifreeze Proteins in Cryopreservation of Animals Semen, Cells and Embryos[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4715-4724.

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