CRISPR/Cas9系统在家禽中应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： CRISPR/Cas系统是一种在细菌和古细菌中发现的获得性免疫系统，由规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR）和CRISPR相关蛋白（CRISPR-associated proteins，Cas）组成。在此基础上改造获得的CRISPR/Cas9基因定点编辑技术可通过设计小的单链引导RNA（single guide RNA，sgRNA）对目标基因进行定向编辑。家禽作为农业经济动物，能够快速高效地生产蛋和肉产品，是世界范围内重要的蛋白质来源，也是极具价值的脊椎动物发育生物学模型。但是受限于卵生动物特点，家禽的受精卵与蛋黄表面紧密结合，未受精的卵子非常难取出，对家禽单细胞阶段受精卵进行靶向遗传修饰的可行性较低，因而家禽功能基因及转基因研究进展较为缓慢。CRISPR/Cas9基因定点编辑技术相较于其他基因编辑系统操作简单，靶向效率高，极大地推动了家禽功能基因的研究进展，是目前筛选和验证家禽功能基因的最有效的工具之一。文章综述了近年来CRISPR/Cas9在家禽细胞、生长发育和性腺分化、家禽疾病、家禽胚胎编辑和转基因家禽制备上的研究进展，以期为CRISPR/Cas9在家禽上的深入研究和应用提供参考。

关键词: CRISPR/Cas9系统; 家禽; 基因组编辑; 转基因

Abstract: The CRISPR/Cas system is an adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaebacteria,which includes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas).Based on CRISPR/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9,Cas9) system,sgRNA (single guide RNA) could be designed and genome editing could be operated in specific location.As agricultural economic animals,poultry could produce eggs and meat quickly and efficiently.It's an important source of protein,and could be used as the valuable biological model for vertebrate development.However,as the oviparous animals,the fertilized eggs of poultry are closely bound to the surface of the yolk,and the unfertilized eggs are difficult to extract.So it's very hard to operate the specific genetic modification on poultry eggs,which prevents the research progress of functional genes and transgenic poultry.CRISPR/Cas9 system has the advantages of high targeting,easy operation and with wide range of application,and has greatly promoted the research progress on poultry and soon become one of the most effective tools in poultry science.This paper reviews the progress of CRISPR/Cas9 research on poultry cells,growth and development,gonadal differentiation,diseases,embryo editing and transgenic poultry preparation,which would provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the future research and application of CRISPR/Cas in poultry.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9 system; poultry; genome editing; transgenic

中图分类号:

S813.3

张蕾, 张海波, 章敬旗, 张扬, 常国斌, 陈国宏, 王健. CRISPR/Cas9系统在家禽中应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(1): 140-147.

ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Haibo, ZHANG Jingqi, ZHANG Yang, CHANG Guobin, CHEN Guohong, WANG Jian. Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System in Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(1): 140-147.

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