复合益生菌对肉鸡肠道微生物区系的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌组成的复合益生菌对黄麻肉鸡生产性能及肠道微生物区系的影响, 为复合益生菌在肉鸡生产中的应用提供理论基础。【方法】将200只1日龄雄性黄麻肉鸡随机分为2组, 每组5个重复, 每个重复20只。复合菌制剂(干酪乳杆菌∶嗜酸乳杆菌∶乳双歧杆菌=1∶1∶2)按1%比例补充于益生菌组肉鸡的饮用水中, 以正常饮水的肉鸡为对照。在42 d时以重复为单位测定肉鸡的生长性能指标, 并进行肠道菌群高通量测序分析。【结果】与对照组相比, 益生菌组肉鸡的平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05), 平均日采食量、屠宰率和全净膛率增加, 料重比降低, 但差异不显著(P>0.05);益生菌组肠道菌群的OTU总数及回肠的Sob、Chao、Pd、Shannon、Shannoneven指数均降低, Simpson指数升高, 差异均不显著(P>0.05);厚壁菌门在肉鸡肠道中丰度最高, 具主体地位。较对照组而言, 益生菌组回肠中未见梭菌属, 厚壁菌门和乳球菌属的丰度均显著或极显著增加(P < 0.05; P < 0.01), 放线菌门和葡葡萄球菌属的丰度均显著或极显著降低(P < 0.05; P < 0.01), 盲肠中毛螺菌科的丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。【结论】复合益生菌可通过增加肉鸡回肠乳杆菌属丰度、降低病原菌丰度来改善肠道菌群的组成、功能和多样性; 同时通过增加盲肠毛螺菌科丰度来提高肠道发酵降解非淀粉多糖的能力, 进而提高饲料利用效率, 促进肉鸡生长。

关键词: 益生菌; 肉鸡; 生产性能; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the compound probiotics composed of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on the production performance and intestinal microflora of jute broilers, and provide theoretical basis for the application of compound probiotics in broiler production.【Method】 A total of 200 one-day-old male Jute broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate.Compound probiotics (Lactobacillus casei∶Lactobacillus acidophilus∶Bifidobacterium lactis=1∶1∶2) were added to the drinking water of broilers in probiotics group at a ratio of 1%.The broilers received normal drinking water acted as control group.At 42 days, the growth performance indexes were measured, and the intestinal microflora was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.【Result】 Compared with control group, the average daily gain of broilers in probiotic group increased significantly (P < 0.05), the average daily feed intake, carcass yield and eviscerated carcass proportion increased, and F/G was reduced, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05);The total OTU of the intestinal microflora, and Sob, Chao, Pd, Shannon, Shannoneven indexes of ileum in probiotic group were decreased, and the Simpson index increased, with no significant differences (P > 0.05).Firmicutes had the highest abundance in intestinal tract of broilers and were dominant.Compared with control group, no Lachnoclostridium was found in ileum of probiotic group.The abundance of Firmicutes and Lactococcus in ileum increased significantly or extremely significantly in probiotic group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the abundance of Actinomycetes and Staphylococcus decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the abundance of Lacetospiraceae in cecum increased significantly (P < 0.05).【Conclusion】 Compound probiotics could improve the composition, function and diversity of intestinal microflora by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in ileum.At the same time, it could increase the abundance of Lachnospiraceae to improve the ability of intestinal to ferment and degrade non-starch polysaccharides, thereby improving feed utilization efficiency and promoting the growth of broilers.

Key words: probiotics; broilers; production performance; intestinal microflora

中图分类号:

S816.71

张利环, 贾浩, 张若男, 王燕飞, 刘璇. 复合益生菌对肉鸡肠道微生物区系的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(2): 488-500.

ZHANG Lihuan, JIA Hao, ZHANG Ruonan, WANG Yanfei, LIU Xuan. Effects of Compound Probiotics on the Intestinal Microflora of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2): 488-500.

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