中药联合复合益生菌对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的预防作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.05.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究中药方剂与复合益生菌联合应用预防柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的作用效果。【方法】试验选择180只12日龄贵农金黄鸡,分成空白对照组、感染组、中药组、益生菌组、中药+益生菌组和莫能菌素组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组和感染组空腹灌服生理盐水(200 μL/只),中药组在基础饲粮中添加2%中药方剂,益生菌组空腹灌服复合益生菌(200 μL/只),中药＋益生菌组空腹灌服复合益生菌(200 μL/只)＋基础饲粮添加2%中药方剂,莫能菌素组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg莫能菌素。14日龄时,除空白对照组外其余各组经口灌服1×10⁵个/只柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊悬液。接种球虫和剖杀前称重并统计相对增重率和存活率;感染0、4和8 d采集血液,用ELASA法检测血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标;试验结束后采集盲肠组织并观察组织病理学变化。【结果】各预防给药组相对增重率均高于感染组,盲肠每克卵囊数均显著低于感染组(P<0.05),其中中药+益生菌组相对增重率最高、盲肠每克卵囊数最低,抗球虫指数(anticoccidial index,ACI)超过莫能菌素组。与感染组相比,感染4 d,中药组、益生菌组和中药＋益生菌组血清白蛋白(ALB)和甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著升高(P＜0.05),肌酐(CREA)含量显著降低(P＜0.05);中药组和中药＋益生菌组血清总蛋白(TP)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、IL-6和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P＜0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均显著下降(P＜0.05)。感染8 d,中药组、益生菌组和中药＋益生菌组血清TP、ALB含量均显著升高(P＜0.05),尿素氮(BUN)含量和AST活性均显著降低(P＜0.05);中药组和中药＋益生菌组TG、IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ含量均显著升高(P＜0.05),CREA含量和ALT活性均显著下降(P＜0.05)。盲肠组织病理学结果显示,感染组和益生菌组有明显病理损伤,中药组和中药＋益生菌组组织损伤较轻微。【结论】中药和益生菌联合使用能改善因柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染引起的生长抑制,降低卵囊排出量,提高机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,缓解鸡球虫感染引起的组织损伤,研究结果为鸡球虫病的防治提供参考。

关键词: 鸡; 柔嫩艾美耳球虫; 中药; 益生菌; 预防

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine with probiotics on the prevention of Eimeria tenella.【Method】 A total of 180 12-day-old Guinong golden chickens were divided into blank control group,infection group,traditional Chinese medicine group,probiotic group,traditional Chinese medicine + probiotic group and monensin group,with 3 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.Blank control group and infection group were treated with fasting normal saline (200 μL/chicken),traditional Chinese medicine group was feed the basal diet with 2% Chinese medicine prescription,probiotics group was treated with fasting compound probiotics (200 μL/chicken),traditional Chinese medicine + probiotics group was treated with fasting compound probiotics (200 μL/chicken) and feed the basal diet with 2% Chinese medicine prescription.Monensin group was feed basal diet with 100 mg/kg monensin.At 14 days of age,except blank control group,all groups were orally administrated with 1×10⁵ oocysts/chicken sporoidized oocysts suspension of Eimeria tenella. The relative weight gain rate and survival rate were measured before inoculation and culturing.Blood samples were collected on days 0,4 and 8 after infection,and serum biochemical,immune and antioxidant indexes were determined by ELASA method.Cecal tissues were collected and histopathological changes were observed.【Result】 The results showed that the relative weight gain rate of each prophylactic administration group was higher than that of infection group,and the number of oocysts per gram of cecum was significantly lower than that of infection group (P<0.05). The relative weight gain rate of traditional Chinese medicine + probiotics group was the highest,the number of oocysts per gram of cecum was the lowest,and the anticoccidial index (ACI) was higher than that of monensin group.Compared with infection group,on days 4 of infection,the contents of serum albumin (ALB) and triglyceride (TG) in traditional Chinese medicine group,probiotic group and traditional Chinese medicine + probiotic group were significantly increased (P ＜0.05),and the content of creatinine (CREA) was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The contents of total protein (TP),interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of serum in traditional Chinese medicine group and traditional Chinese medicine + probiotic group were significantly increased (P ＜0.05),and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).On days 8 of infection,the contents of TP and ALB of serum in traditional Chinese medicine group,probiotic group and traditional Chinese medicine + probiotic group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the content of urea nitrogen (BUN) and AST activity were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The contents of TG,IL-2,IL-6 and IFN-γ in traditional Chinese medicine group and traditional Chinese medicine + probiotics group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the contents of CREA and the activity of ALT were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The results of cecal histopathology showed that the infection group and the probiotics group had obvious pathological damage,while the traditional Chinese medicine group and the traditional Chinese medicine + probiotics group had slight tissue damage.【Conclusion】 This study showed that the combined use of traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics could improve the growth inhibition caused by Eimeria tenella infection,reduce the output of oocysts,improve the immunity and antioxidant capacity of the body,and effectively protect the cecum tissue. This study provided providing reference for the preventio and treatment of coccidiosis.

Key words: chickens; Eimeria tenella; traditional Chinese medicine; probiotics; prevention

中图分类号:

S855.9

蒋山翊, 周碧君, 文明, 王开功. 中药联合复合益生菌对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的预防作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(5): 2092-2102.

JIANG Shanyi, ZHOU Bijun, WEN Ming, WANG Kaigong. Prevention of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Probiotics on Eimeria tenella[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(5): 2092-2102.

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