中国畜禽饲料资源中镁含量的调查研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对中国不同地区各种饲料原料中矿物元素镁含量进行了调查研究,为饲粮中合理添加镁提供科学依据。【方法】从中国31个省、直辖市和自治区采集了37种4 054个主要畜禽饲料原料样品,经预处理后进行微波消解,采用离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用仪(IC-ICP-MS)测定其镁含量。并用SAS软件分别对同类不同种饲料样品和不同省(区)饲料样品的镁含量进行单因素方差分析,比较不同饲料原料中镁含量的差异及其在不同地区之间的差异。【结果】各类别饲料原料中镁含量分布规律为:矿物质饲料(平均镁含量为12 740 mg/kg)＞植物性蛋白质饲料(平均镁含量为4 335 mg/kg)＞谷类籽实加工副产品(平均镁含量为3 275 mg/kg)＞牧草类饲料(平均镁含量为2 482 mg/kg)＞秸秆类饲料(平均镁含量为2 346 mg/kg)＞动物性蛋白质饲料(平均镁含量为1 436 mg/kg)＞谷类籽实(平均镁含量为1 220 mg/kg)。同一类别的不同饲料原料中镁含量具有显著差异(P＜0.05)。谷类籽实中以小麦和大麦镁含量(1 358 mg/kg)为最高,稻谷镁含量(1 115 mg/kg)为最低;谷类籽实加工副产品中以米糠镁含量(5 791 mg/kg)为最高,碎米镁含量(387 mg/kg)为最低;植物性蛋白质饲料中以棉籽粕镁含量(6 664 mg/kg)为最高,膨化大豆镁含量(2 605 mg/kg)为最低;动物性蛋白质饲料中以鱼粉镁含量(3 479 mg/kg)为最高,血球蛋白粉镁含量(269 mg/kg)为最低;秸秆类饲料中以甘薯藤镁含量(4 024 mg/kg)为最高,小麦秸镁含量(1 136 mg/kg)为最低;牧草类饲料中以苜蓿镁含量(2 996 mg/kg)为最高,羊草镁含量(1 617 mg/kg)为最低;矿物质饲料中以磷酸氢钙镁含量(18 290 mg/kg)为最高,贝壳粉镁含量(3 118 mg/kg)为最低。以省(区)为单位,通过对不同省(区)玉米、小麦和豆粕的镁含量进行对比得知,不同省(区)同一种饲料原料中的镁含量存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。根据全国各地猪、鸡常用的152个饲料配方所计算出的基础饲粮中镁含量范围为1 848~2 100 mg/kg,如按中国猪、鸡饲养标准(2004)及美国NRC(1994)关于猪、鸡镁营养需要量的要求,则饲粮中约1/3的镁含量即可提供猪和鸡全部镁营养需要量,但上述估算尚未考虑不同饲料原料中镁的利用率。【结论】矿物元素镁含量在中国各地区、各种类饲料原料中存在较大差异,各地猪鸡常用饲料配方中的镁含量可满足猪鸡全部镁营养需要。因此,实际生产中要充分考虑到不同区域饲粮总镁含量及其利用率,在保证畜禽健康及高效生产的前提下减少镁的添加和资源的浪费。

关键词: 饲料资源; 镁含量; 猪; 鸡

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to investigate the distribution of magnesium contents in various feed materials from different regions in China,so as to provide scientific basis for reasonable supplement of magnesium in the diet.【Method】 A total of 4 054 samples of 37 kinds of feed materials for livestock and poultry were collected from 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China.After pretreatment,microwave digestion was performed and then the magnesium contents were determined by an ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS).The One-Way ANOVA was used to analyze the magnesium content in different feedstuffs from the same category and some feedstuffs from different provincial (district) with SAS software,respectively.The differences in magnesium contents among different feedstuffs and different regions were compared.【Result】 The distribution regulation of magnesium contents in various categories of feed materials was as follows:Mineral feeds (average magnesium contents were 12 740 mg/kg) ＞ vegetable protein feeds (average magnesium contents were 4 335 mg/kg) ＞ cereal by-products (average magnesium contents were 3 275 mg/kg) ＞ forage feeds (average magnesium contents were 2 482 mg/kg) ＞ straw feeds (average magnesium contents were 2 346 mg/kg) ＞ animal protein feeds (average magnesium contents were 1 436 mg/kg) ＞ cereal seeds (average magnesium contents were 1 220 mg/kg).There were significant differences in magnesium contents among different feed materials from the same categories (P＜0.05).In the cereals,the magnesium content in wheat or barley (1 358 mg/kg) was the highest,while that in rice (1 115 mg/kg) was the lowest.In the cereal by-products,the highest (5 791 mg/kg) and lowest (387 mg/kg) magnesium contents were observed in rice bran and broken rice,respectively.In the vegetable protein feeds,the highest (6 664 mg/kg) and lowest (2 605 mg/kg) magnesium contents were detected in cottonseed meal and expanded soybean,respectively.As for animal protein feeds,the highest (3 479 mg/kg) and lowest (269 mg/kg) magnesium contents were detected in fish meal and dried blood cells,respectively.As for straw feeds,the highest (4 024 mg/kg) and lowest (1 136 mg/kg) magnesium contents were found in sweet potato vine and wheat straw,respectively.As for pasture feeds,the highest (2 996 mg/kg) and lowest (1 617 mg/kg) magnesium contents were found in alfalfa and Leymus chinensis,respectively.As for mineral feeds,the highest (18 290 mg/kg) and lowest (3 118 mg/kg) magnesium contents were found in calcium hydrogen phosphate and shell powder,respectively.A comparison was made among the magnesium contents of corn,wheat or soybean meal in different provinces (regions),and the results showed that there were significant differences in the magnesium contents of the same feed materials from different provinces (regions) (P＜0.05).According to 152 feed formulas commonly used in swine and chickens all over the country,the calculated magnesium contents in the diets were ranged from 1 848 to 2 100 mg/kg.In accordance with the magnesium requirements suggested by feeding standards of swine and chicken (2004) in China or the NRC (1994) of the United States for swine and chickens,about 1/3 of the magnesium contents in the diets could meet all the nutritional requirements of magnesium for swine and chickens,but the above estimations had not considered the availabilities of magnesium in different feed materials.【Conclusion】 The content of the mineral element magnesium varies greatly among regions and various types of feed ingredients in China.The magnesium contents in the commonly used diet formulas in the country could provide all the magnesium nutritional requirements of swine and chickens.Therefore,the actual production should fully consider the total magnesium content of the ration and its utilization rate in different regions,and reduce the addition of magnesium and the waste of resources under the premise of ensuring the health of livestock and poultry and efficient production.

Key words: feed resources; magnesium contents; pig; chicken

中图分类号:

S816.35

吴静璇, 孙征, 马雪莲, 张丽阳, 廖秀冬, 罗绪刚, 李素芬, 吕林. 中国畜禽饲料资源中镁含量的调查研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(5): 1888-1898.

WU Jingxuan, SUN Zheng, MA Xuelian, ZHANG Liyang, LIAO Xiudong, LUO Xugang, LI Sufen, LYU Lin. A Survey on Magnesium Contents in Feed Resources for Livestock and Poultry in China[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(5): 1888-1898.

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