饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛育肥性能及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究持续育肥后期安格斯公牛适宜的饲粮综合净能(NEmf)需要量。【方法】采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取月龄(18.3±1.0)和体重((503.3±21.1)kg)相近的安格斯公牛30头,随机分成3组:低能组(LE组)、中能组(ME组)和高能组(HE组),每组10头牛,每头牛为1个重复,分前期(500~600 kg)和后期(600~700 kg)2个阶段饲喂,前期饲粮综合净能分别为6.64、6.84、7.04 MJ/kg,后期分别为6.84、7.04、7.24 MJ/kg,前、后期饲粮蛋白质水平均为11.42%。试验预饲期10 d,正试期130 d。每期试验开始和结束当天晨饲前称重,测定安格斯公牛生长性能、体尺指标,并于尾根静脉采集血液样品,测定血清生化指标;试验结束后将全部牛屠宰,测定屠宰性能;根据饲料成本和增重效益,计算经济效益。【结果】①试验前期和后期,中、高能组安格斯公牛总增重和平均日增重均显著高于低能组(P＜0.05),料重比显著低于低能组(P＜0.05)。②试验前期,高能组安格斯公牛血清甘油三酯含量显著高于低能组(P＜0.05);饲粮能量水平对终末体重和平均干物质采食量没有显著影响(P＞0.05);经济效益以高能组最佳。③试验后期,中、高能组安格斯公牛终末体重显著高于低能组(P＜0.05);高能组平均干物质采食量、胸围和腹围显著高于低能组(P＜0.05);经济效益以中能组最佳。④中、高能组安格斯公牛宰前活重和肾周脂肪重显著高于低能组(P＜0.05);高能组胴体重和背膘厚显著高于低能组(P＜0.05)。⑤饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛血清葡萄糖、尿素氮含量及屠宰率和眼肌面积没有显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】适当提高饲粮能量水平可以维持机体正常能量代谢,提高安格斯公牛的育肥效益。综合分析得出,持续育肥后期安格斯公牛适宜的饲粮能量(综合净能)水平为7.04 MJ/kg。

关键词: 能量水平; 安格斯公牛; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 屠宰性能; 经济效益

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was designed to investigate the appropriate dietary comprehensive net energy requirement (NEmf) for Angus bulls at the late stage of continuous fattening.【Method】 A factor complete randomized trial design was adopted.30 Angus bulls with similar monthly age (18.3±1.0) and body weight ((503.3±21.1) kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely low energy group (LE group),medium energy group (ME group) and high energy group (HE group),with 10 cows in each group and one cow per replicate.The experimental period was divided into two stages:The early stage (500-600 kg) and the late stage (600-700 kg),and the comprehensive net energy of the diets was 6.64,6.84,and 7.04 MJ/kg in the early stage and 6.84,7.04,and 7.24 MJ/kg in the late stage,respectively,and the protein level of the diets was 11.42% in two stages.The test period was 10 d for the pre-feeding and 130 d for the trial,and the growth performance and body size indexes of Angus bulls were weighed before the morning feeding and blood samples were collected from the tail root vein to determine the serum biochemical indexes at the beginning and end of each trial.The economic benefits were calculated based on feed cost and weight gain. 【Result】 ①In the early and late stages of the experiment,the total weight gain and average daily weight gain of Angus bulls in medium and high energy groups were significantly higher than those in low energy group (P＜0.05),and the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower than that in low energy group (P＜0.05).②In the early stage of the experiment,the serum triglyceride content of high-energy group was significantly higher than that of low-energy group (P＜0.05),and the dietary energy level did not significantly affect the final weight and average dry matter intake (P＞0.05).The economic efficiency was best in high-energy group.③In the late stage of the experiment,the final body weight of medium and high energy groups was significantly higher than that of low energy group (P＜0.05).The average dry matter intake,chest circumference and abdominal circumference of high energy group were significantly higher than that of low energy group (P＜0.05).The economic efficiency was best in medium energy group.④Live weight before slaughter and perirenal fat weight were significantly higher in medium and high-energy groups than that in low-energy group (P＜0.05).Carcass weight and backfat thickness were significantly higher in high-energy group than that in low-energy group (P＜0.05).⑤Dietary energy level had no significant effect on serum glucose and urea nitrogen levels,slaughter rate and eye muscle area (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Appropriate increase of dietary energy level could maintain the normal energy metabolism of the body and improve the fattening efficiency of Angus bulls.Comprehensive analysis showed that the appropriate dietary energy (comprehensive net energy) level for Angus bulls in the late stage of continuous fattening was 7.04 MJ/kg.

Key words: energy levels; Angus bull; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; slaughter performance; economic benefits

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺2

任建刚, 关鹏, 黄建智, 盛月云, 包铁柱, 马治平, 钱文熙. 饲粮能量水平对安格斯公牛育肥性能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(3): 966-976.

REN Jiangang, GUAN Peng, HUANG Jianzhi, SHENG Yueyun, BAO Tiezhu, MA Zhiping, QIAN Wenxi. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Growth-fattening Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Angus Bulls[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 966-976.

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