饲粮蛋氨酸水平对高密度饲养肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及抗应激能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨饲粮蛋氨酸对肉鸡高密度饲养下生长性能、抗氧化和应激反应的影响。【方法】选取1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡396只，1~21日龄统一饲喂，于21日龄末选取体重相近的肉鸡随机分为5个处理，每个处理6个重复。对照组肉鸡饲养密度为14只/m²，蛋氨酸水平为0.40%；4个试验组肉鸡饲养密度为20只/m²，饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.35%、0.40%、0.45%和0.50%。试验期21 d，于42日龄采集血浆、肝脏样品，测定应激和抗氧化能力相关指标。【结果】 ①与正常密度组相比，高密度饲养显著降低了42日龄肉鸡体重（BW）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和平均日增重（ADG）（P<0.05），显著提高了肉鸡死亡率（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下：料重比在蛋氨酸水平为0.35%时最高，随着日粮蛋氨酸水平的上升呈线性下降（P<0.05）；与蛋氨酸水平0.35%组相比，0.45%和0.50%蛋氨酸组肉鸡死亡率显著降低（P<0.05）。②与正常密度组相比，高密度饲养组的血浆总抗氧化力（T-AOC）显著降低（P<0.05），而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、蛋白质羰基（PCO）水平显著上升（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下，血浆PCO水平随着日粮蛋氨酸水平上升呈线性降低（P<0.05）。③与正常密度组相比，高密度饲养显著降低了总蛋白（TP）浓度（P<0.05），提高了谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下，0.50%蛋氨酸水平组血浆TP水平、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著高于0.35%和0.40%蛋氨酸组（P<0.05）；0.35%蛋氨酸组的血浆肌酸激酶（CK）活性显著低于其他组（P<0.05），0.40%和0.45%蛋氨酸组ALT活性显著低于0.35%组（P<0.05）。④与正常密度组相比，高密度饲养显著提高了肝脏中热休克蛋白（HSP70）基因相对表达量（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下，0.35%和0.50%蛋氨酸水平组的HSP70显著高于0.45%水平组（P<0.05）。与正常饲养密度组相比，0.35%和0.50%蛋氨酸组HMG-CoA还原酶（HMGCR）基因相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）。【结论】饲养密度与蛋氨酸添加水平对肉鸡的生长性能、应激程度、抗氧化能力均产生了一定影响，高密度饲养可引起肉鸡的应激反应，并对肝功能造成损伤。在高密度饲养条件下，蛋氨酸限制会造成肉鸡死亡率升高，较高蛋氨酸水平也不利于肉鸡肝脏健康。而蛋氨酸水平在0.45%时有较好的抗应激、抗氧化效果，有益于肉鸡生长。

关键词: 蛋氨酸; 饲养密度; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 抗氧化; 抗应激

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of dietary methionine on performance, antioxidant and stress responses of broilers under high-stocking density.【Method】 396 1-day-old AA broilers were selected and fed uniformly at the age of 1-21 days.At the end of 21 days, broilers with similar body weights were selected and divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates in each group.The feeding density of broilers in control group was 14 birds/m², and the methionine level was 0.40%;the test groups were set at 20 birds/m² stocking density, with methionine level at 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45% and 0.50% in the diet, respectively.At the end of the experiment (42 d), blood and liver samples were collected to measure the stress level and antioxidant capacity.【Result】 ① Compared with normal-density feeding group, high-density rearing significantly reduced the final body weight, average daily feed intake and the average daily body weight gain of broilers during 22-42 days (P<0.05), and significantly increased broiler mortality rate (P<0.05).In the case of high-density feeding, the weight gain ratio of feed consumption was the highest when the methionine level was 0.35%, and it decreased linearly with the increase of the methionine level of the diet (P<0.05).The mortality rate could be reduced by 0.45% and 0.50% methionine diets, compared with 0.35% methionine level (P<0.05).② Compared with normal-density feeding group, T-AOC of high-density feeding group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while SOD activity and PCO level were significantly increased (P<0.05).In high-density feeding groups, blood PCO level was significantly decreased as methionine level was increasing (P<0.05).③Compared with normal-density feeding group, high-density rearing significantly reduced TP concentration (P<0.05) and increased ALT activity (P<0.05) in plasma.In the case of high-density feeding, the plasma TP concentration and AST activity was significantly higher at 0.50% methionine level than that of the 0.35% and 0.40% methionine groups (P<0.05).The ALT activities of 0.40% and 0.45% methionine groups were significantly lower than that of 0.35% methionine group (P<0.05).④ Compared with normal-density feeding group, high-density rearing significantly increased HSP70 mRNA expression in liver (P<0.05).In the high-density feeding groups, HSP70 was significantly higher in 0.35% and 0.50% methionine groups than 0.45% level group (P<0.05).Compared with normal density feeding group, HMGCR mRNA expression was increased significantly when methionine level was 0.35% and 0.50% (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The stocking density and the level of methionine addition had a certain impact on broiler's growth performance, stress level, and antioxidant capacity.High-density breeding could cause broiler stress and cause damage to liver function.Under high-density feeding, methionine restriction could increase mortality rate of broilers, and relatively higher methionine also could impair liver health.When methionine level was 0.45%, it had better anti-stress and antioxidant effects, which was beneficial to the growth of broilers.

Key words: methionine; stocking density; broiler; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; stress torerance

中图分类号:

S815.5

伍源, 秦鑫, 董元洋, 韩苗苗, 苗志强, 魏清宇, 宋献艺, 申李琰, 冯焱, 李慧锋, 李建慧. 饲粮蛋氨酸水平对高密度饲养肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及抗应激能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(3): 913-923.

WU Yuan, QIN Xin, DONG Yuanyang, HAN Miaomiao, MIAO Zhiqiang, WEI Qingyu, SONG Xianyi, SHEN Liyan, FENG Yan, LI Huifeng, LI Jianghui. Effects of Dietary Methionine on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Stress Tolerance of Broilers Under High-density Feeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(3): 913-923.

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