围产期饲粮中添加异位酸对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物和生产性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究围产期饲粮中添加异位酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物群、产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率的影响,为异位酸添加剂在奶牛生产中的合理使用提供理论依据。【方法】选取18头第3胎次、生产日期相近的围产期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头):对照组(C组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组奶牛在基础饲粮中分别添加30(A组)和60 mL/d异位酸(B组),预饲期10 d,正式试验从奶牛产前21 d开始至产后21 d结束。分别于产后10和21 d采集所有奶牛的乳样测定乳成分;产后21 d晨饲前使用瘤胃导管采集所有奶牛的瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性。【结果】①A和B组奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率均显著高于C组(P＜0.05)。②B组奶牛瘤胃乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)显著高于C组(P＜0.05)。③ 3组奶牛的瘤胃微生物门水平主要优势菌群为Bacteroidota和Firmicutes,B组中Bacteroidota的相对丰度显著高于A和C组(P＜0.05),而Firmicutes的相对丰度显著低于A和C组(P＜0.05);瘤胃微生物属水平的主要优势菌群为Prevotella、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、Butyrivibrio和F082未分类类群,A和B组中Butyrivibrio的相对丰度显著低于C组(P＜0.05)。④奶牛产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率与Bacteroidota和Prevotella的相对丰度呈显著正相关(R＞0.5,P＜0.05),与Firmicutes、Spirochaetota和Butyrivibrio呈显著负相关(R＜-0.5,P＜0.05)。【结论】在围产期奶牛饲粮中添加异位酸能够提高瘤胃中VFA含量,并增加产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,其中添加60 mL/d异位酸对于提高奶牛的瘤胃发育和生产性能更有优势。

关键词: 异位酸; 围产期奶牛; 瘤胃微生物; 瘤胃发酵参数; 生产性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of adding isoacids to periparturient diets on rumen microbiota,milk yield,milk fat rate and milk protein rate of dairy cows,and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of isoacids additives in dairy cows production.【Method】 18 periparturient Chinese Holstein cows with the 3rd lactation and similar production dates were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 replicates per group,1 cow per replicate),the cows in control group (group C) were fed a basal ration,and in experimental groups were added 30 (group A) and 60 mL/d of isoacids (group B),respectively,to the basal diet.The period of pre-feeding was 10 d,and the main test started from 21 d pre-partum to 21 d postpartum.Milk samples were collected from all cows at 10 and 21 d postpartum for determination of milk composition.Rumen fluid was collected from all cows using a rumen catheter before morning feeding at 21 d postpartum for determination of rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity.【Result】 ①Milk yield,milk fat rate and milk protein rate of cows in groups A and B were significantly higher than those in group C (P＜0.05).② Acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were significantly higher in group B than that in group C (P＜0.05).③ The main dominant groups at the level of rumen microbiota of cows in the three groups were Bacteroidota and Firmicutes,and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly higher in group B than that in groups A and C (P＜0.05),whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower than that in groups A and C (P＜0.05).The main dominant rumen microbial genera in three groups were Prevotella,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Butyrivibrio and F082 unclassified taxa.The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio was significantly lower in groups A and B than that in group C (P＜0.05).④ Milk yield,milk fat rate and milk protein rate were significantly positively correlated with Bacteroidota and Prevotella (R＞0.5,P＜0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with Firmicutes,Spirochaetota and Butyrivibrio (R＜－0.5,P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Adding isoacids to the ration of periparturient dairy cows could increase the VFA content in rumen and increase milk yield,milk fat rate and milk protein rate,in which the addition of 60 mL/d of isotonic acid was more advantageous for improving the rumen development and production performance of dairy cows.

Key words: isoacids; periparturient dairy cows; rumen microorganisms; rumen fermentation parameters; production performance

中图分类号:

S816.7

马小雪, 龙锐, 牛玉杰, 郭红勇, 罗瑞卿, 吴妍妍, 张文举. 围产期饲粮中添加异位酸对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物和生产性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(4): 1428-1437.

MA Xiaoxue, LONG Rui, NIU Yujie, GUO Hongyong, LUO Ruiqing, WU Yanyan, ZHANG Wenju. Effect of Adding Isoacids in Perinatal Diet on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Rumen Microorganisms and Production Performance of Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1428-1437.

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