热应激对鸡生产性能、血清生化和肠道微生物影响研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热应激是全球鸡生产面临的重要环境应激挑战之一,它是动物受到外界环境影响时所做出的一系列的非特异性应激反应的总和。热应激会导致鸡的采食量减少、生长性能下降、血液生化指标改变和肠道微生物菌群紊乱,严重影响鸡的生产力。热应激还能够降低鸡的防御机制和免疫功能,增加炎症因子表达,引起机体抗氧化指标升高,并显著影响鸡肠道菌群组成和多样性,其中大肠杆菌和甲烷芽孢杆菌为重要的预测因子,起到重要的预见作用。鸡在热应激环境下的生理调节包括心率增加、呼吸急促及体内氧化代谢增强等症状。在实际生产过程中,通过加强饲养管理、改善饲养环境和添加抗应激物,如微量元素锌及各种维生素,可有效缓解热应激带来的危害。作者综述了热应激对鸡生产性能、血清生化、抗氧化及肠道菌群结构组成等相关指标的具体影响,为鸡饲养管理过程中热应激预防提供一定的理论依据。

关键词: 热应激; 鸡; 生产性能; 血清指标; 肠道微生物

Abstract: Heat stress is one of the major environmental stress challenges facing chicken production worldwide, and is the sum of a number of non-specific stress responses that animals exhibit when exposed to the external environment.Heat stress can lead to reduced feed intake, reduced growth performance, altered blood biochemical parameters and disturbances in the gut microflora, which can seriously affect chicken productivity.Heat stress can also reduce the defense mechanisms and immune function of chickens, increase the expression of inflammatory factors, cause an increase in body antioxidant indicators, and significantly affect the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, with Escherichia coli and Bacillus methanogens as important predictors that play an important role in foresight.Physiological adjustments in chickens under heat stress conditions include increased heart rate, rapid respiration and increased oxidative metabolism in the body.In the actual production process, the harm caused by heat stress can be effectively alleviated by strengthening breeding management, improving the breeding environment, and adding anti-stress substances, such as trace element zinc and various vitamins.The authors synthesize the effects of heat stress on the production performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidants and the structure of gut microbiota in chicken, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing heat stress during chicken breeding.

Key words: heat stress; chicken; production performance; serum indicators; gut microbes

中图分类号:

S815.5

孙鹏飞, 王晓涵, 胡云, 吴慧光, 赵静雯, 罗绪刚. 热应激对鸡生产性能、血清生化和肠道微生物影响研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(2): 581-590.

SUN Pengfei, WANG Xiaohan, HU Yun, WU Huiguang, ZHAO Jingwen, LUO Xugang. Research Advances on the Effects of Heat Stress on Production Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Gut Microbes in Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 581-590.

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