饲料桑对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道组织形态的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨饲料桑在蛋鸡养殖上的适宜使用量及其应用效果。【方法】试验选用36周龄京红一号蛋鸡270只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,2个试验组分别在基础饲料中使用1%、3%饲料桑粉。预饲期2周,正试期12周。正试期内,按重复记录每日投料量、产蛋数、不合格蛋数、总蛋重和蛋鸡死淘情况,每周记录1次余料量;于试验第4、8、12周末,每个重复随机选取5枚蛋进行蛋品质测定;于试验第12周末,每个重复随机选取1只蛋鸡屠宰后分离十二指肠、空肠、回肠样品,测定肠道组织形态。【结果】与对照组相比,①正试期1~4周,1%、3%桑粉组蛋鸡产蛋率均显著降低(P<0.05),1%桑粉组平均蛋重显著降低(P<0.05);9~12周,1%、3%桑粉组蛋鸡产蛋率均显著降低(P<0.05);1~12周全期,1%、3%桑粉组蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重均显著降低(P<0.05),1%桑粉组蛋鸡死淘率显著降低(P<0.05)。②正试期第4周末,1%桑粉组蛋壳强度显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄亮度(L^*)显著降低(P<0.05),蛋黄红度(a^*)显著提高(P<0.05);第8周末,1%桑粉组蛋黄胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);第12周末,1%桑粉组蛋型指数显著降低(P<0.05),蛋壳强度显著提高(P<0.05),1%、3%桑粉组蛋黄胆固醇含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。③第12周末,3%桑粉组蛋鸡回肠肌层厚度显著增加(P<0.05);1%桑粉组回肠绒毛高度、绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05)。【结论】饲粮中使用饲料桑粉可降低蛋鸡死淘率,提升蛋品质,对产蛋性能和蛋鸡肠道形态结构均有一定影响。本试验条件下,在蛋鸡饲粮中使用1%饲料桑粉较为适宜。

关键词: 饲料桑; 蛋鸡; 生产性能; 蛋品质; 肠道组织形态

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the appropriate amount of feed mulberry and its application effect in laying hens.【Method】 Two hundred and seventy Jinghong No.1 laying hens at 36 weeks old were assigned to three dietary treatments randomly.Each treatment consisted of six replicates with 15 hens per replicate.The hens in control group were fed with the basal diet, and the hens in two test groups were fed basal diet added with 1%, 3% feed mulberry meal, respecyively.The pre-trial period lasted for 2 weeks, and the experimental period lasted for 12 weeks.During the trial period, daily feed feeding, eggs production, unqualified eggs, eggs weight, and number of hens deaths and culling were recorded every day in each replicate, and the residual feed was recorded once a week.At the end of week 4, 8 and 12, 5 eggs were randomly selected from each replicate for egg quality determination.At the end of week 12, 1 laying hens were randomly selected from each replicate for slaughter, and duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples were separated to determine the intestinal tissue morphology.【Result】 Compared with control group, ①During 1 to 4 weeks, the laying rate of 1%, 3% mulberry meal groups, and the average egg weight of 1% mulberry meal group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).During 9 to 12 weeks, the laying rate of 1%, 3% mulberry meal groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).During the whole experiment period, the laying rate and the average egg weight of 1%, 3% mulberry meal groups, and the death and culling rate of 1% mulberry meal group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).②At the end of week 4, the eggshell strength was increased significantly (P＜0.05), the L^* value of egg yolk was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the a^* value of egg yolk was increased significantly (P＜0.05) in 1% mulberry meal group.At the end of week 8, the total cholesterol content in egg yolk of 1% mulberry meal group was decreased significantly (P＜0.05).At the end of week 12, the shape index of egg was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the eggshell strength was increased significantly (P＜0.05) in 1% mulberry meal group.The total cholesterol content in egg yolk of 1%, 3% mulberry meal groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).③ At the end of week 12, the muscular thickness of ileum of 3% mulberry meal group was increased significantly (P＜0.05), the villus height and the V/C of ileum of 1% mulberry meal group was increased significantly (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Feed mulberry could reduce death and culling rate and improve egg quality of laying hens, but it had some adverse effects on the production performance and intestinal tissue morphology of laying hens.Diet used with 1% feed mulberry meal was the most appropriate for laying hens under this experimental conditions.

Key words: feed mulberry; laying hens; production performance; egg quality; intestinal tissue morphology

中图分类号:

S816.35

黄静, 赵娜, 郭万正, 金枫, 陈芳, 朱伟, 樊启文, 杜恩存, 陶文静, 黄少文, 魏金涛. 饲料桑对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(2): 540-548.

HUANG Jing, ZHAO Na, GUO Wanzheng, JIN Feng, CHEN Fang, ZHU Wei, FAN Qiwen, DU Encun, TAO Wenjing, HUANG Shaowen, WEI Jintao. Effects of Feed Mulberry on Production Performance,Egg Quality and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Laying Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 540-548.

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