凉茶渣和蚯蚓液对湿热条件下肉牛生产性能、行为和血清指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.07.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在研究凉茶渣、蚯蚓液对湿热条件下肉牛生产性能、行为和血清指标的影响。【方法】选取24头体况相近、健康状况良好的22~24月龄育肥期西杂牛，随机分为3组，分别为对照组（CON组，饲喂基础饲粮），凉茶渣组（HT组，在基础饲粮中添加9.5%凉茶渣）和蚯蚓液组（EF组，在基础饲粮中添加0.37%蚯蚓液）。试验期45 d，预试期3 d，正试期42 d。每天记录牛舍环境温度和湿度，并计算温湿指数。正试期第1天和最后1 d称量肉牛体重，每7 d记录1次采食量，并计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均干物质采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）。预试期第1天测定血清皮质醇（Cor）含量，预试期第1~3天记录肉牛呼吸频率（RR）；正试期第39~41天连续3 d记录肉牛站立时间、躺卧时间、反刍时间、采食时间和RR。正试期第42天晨饲前采集血样，测定血清生化指标、激素及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】试验期间肉牛处于湿热环境（环境温度19.1~39.9 ℃，环境湿度31.7%~89.7%）。与CON组相比，①HT和EF组肉牛血清中Cor含量及热休克蛋白70（HSP 70）含量均显著降低（P<0.05），且肉牛RR显著降低（P<0.05）；②HT组肉牛ADG显著增加（P<0.05），F/G显著降低（P<0.05），EF组F/G差异不显著（P>0.05）；③HT和EF组肉牛采食及站立时间均显著降低（P<0.05），趴卧时间均显著增加（P<0.05）；④HT和EF组肉牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均显著升高（P<0.05），HT组肉牛血清丙二醛含量显著降低（P<0.05）。【结论】湿热条件下，在肉牛饲粮中添加凉茶渣或蚯蚓液均可缓解由湿热导致的热应激，增加舒适行为表达，其中凉茶渣在提高肉牛生产性能和抗氧化能力方面优于蚯蚓液。

关键词: 湿热条件; 凉茶渣; 蚯蚓液; 肉牛; 生产性能; 行为

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of herbal tea residue and earthworm hydrolysate on the production performance, behavior and blood indexes of cattle under heat-moisture condition.【Method】 24 healthy fattening Simmental crossbred cattle of 22-24 months with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group(CON group, feeding basal diet), herbal tea residue group(HT group, feeding basal diet supplemented with 9.5% herbal tea residue) and earthworm hydrolysate group (EF group, feeding basal diet supplemented with 0.37% earthworm hydrolysate).The trial period was 45 days, pre-feeding period was 3 days, and the feeding period was 42 days.The air temperature and humidity of the cowshed were recorded daily, and the temperature-humidity index was calculated.The cattle were weighed on the first and last day of the feeding period.Feed intake was recorded every 7 days, and average daily gain (ADG), average dry matter intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) were calculated.Serum cortisol (Cor) concentration was determined on the first day of the pre-feeding period, and respiratory rate (RR) was recorded on the first to third day of the pre-feeding period.The standing time, lying time, rumination time, feeding time and RR of beef cattle were recorded from days 39 to 41 of the feeding period.On the 42nd day of the trial period, blood samples were collected before morning feeding to determine serum biochemical indexes, hormone indexes and antioxidant capacity indexes.【Result】 During the trial, the cattle was in a heat-moisture condition, the air temperature was 19.1 to 39.9 ℃, and the humidity was 31.7% to 89.7%.Compared with CON group, ①the concentrations of Cor and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in serum of cattle were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and RR of cattle were significantly decreased in HT and EF groups (P<0.05).②ADG of cattle was significantly increased (P<0.05), and F/G was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in HT group.While F/G in EF group had no significant difference (P>0.05).③The time of feeding and standing of cattle were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the time of lying of cattle were significantly increased (P<0.05) in HT and EF groups.④The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum of cattle in HT and EF groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of malonaldehyde in HT group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under heat-moisture condition, the heat stress was effectively relieved, and comfort behavior expression could be improved in cattle fed diets supplemented with herbal tea residue or earthworm hydrolysate.The effects of herbal tea residue was better than earthworm hydrolysate on improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity of cattle.

Key words: heat-moisture condition; herbal tea residue; earthworm hydrolysate; cattle; production performance; behavior

中图分类号:

S816.75

邱静芸, 欧翔, 钟玮, 雷小文, 邱清华, 欧阳克蕙, 林绵芳, 钟云平, 李昌坤, 廖月明, 陈荣强. 凉茶渣和蚯蚓液对湿热条件下肉牛生产性能、行为和血清指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(7): 2718-2728.

QIU Jingyun, OU Xiang, ZHONG Wei, LEI Xiaowen, QIU Qinghua, OUYANG Kehui, LIN Mianfang, ZHONG Yunping, LI Changkun, LIAO Yueming, CHEN Rongqiang. Effects of Herbal Tea Residue and Earthworm Hydrolysate on Production Performance, Behavior and Blood Indexes of Cattle Under Heat-moisture Condition[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(7): 2718-2728.

参考文献

[1] CARVAJAL M A, ALANIZ A J, GUTIERREZ-GOMEZ C, et al.Increasing importance of heat stress for cattle farming under future global climate scenarios[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 801:149661.
[2] MISHRA S R.Behavioural, physiological, neuro-endocrine and molecular responses of cattle against heat stress:An updated review[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021, 53(3):400.
[3] ZHAO S, SHAN C, WU Z, et al.Fermented Chinese herbal preparation:Impacts on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant capacity of late-lactation cows under heat stress[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2022, 292:115448.
[4] BECKER C A, STONE A E.Graduate student literature review:Heat abatement strategies used to reduce negative effects of heat stress in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2020, 103(10):9667-9675.
[5] SAEED M, ABBAS G, ALAGAWANY M, et al.Heat stress management in poultry farms:A comprehensive overview[J].Journal of Thermal Biology, 2019, 84:414-425.
[6] 谢月琴, 孙小红, 汪东阳, 等.凉茶渣对育肥猪生长性能, 胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2019, 31(10):4776-4783. XIE Y Q, SUN X H, WANG D Y, et al.Effects of herbal tea residue on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(10):4776-4783.(in Chinese)
[7] 李玲, 孙小红, 连旭, 等.凉茶渣替代象草对育肥牛空肠组织形态, 屏障功能以及菌群结构的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(2):1087-1097. LI L, SUN X H, LIAN X, et al.Effects of herbal tea residue on ileum morphology, barrier function and flora structure of fattening cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(2):1087-1097.(in Chinese)
[8] XIE Y Q, CHEN Z J, WANG D Y, et al.Effects of fermented herbal tea residues on the intestinal microbiota characteristics of Holstein heifers under heat stress[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11:1014.
[9] 张新雨, 刘博, 罗军荣, 等.中药复方制剂对热应激肉牛生产性能及生理生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(3):620-628. ZHANG X Y, LIU B, LUO J R, et al.Effects of Chinese medicine prescriptions on production performance, physiological and biochemical indexes of beef cattle under heat stress[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechniac Sinica, 2018, 49(3):620-628.(in Chinese)
[10] 柳海仙.中草药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡血液生化指标及生产性能的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2018. LIU H X.Effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on blood biochemical indexes and production performance in heat-stressed layers[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2018.(in Chinese)
[11] 邱玉朗, 李林, 王莹, 等.复方中药提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及肉质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2017, 53(1):96-99. QIU Y L, LI L, WANG Y, et al.Effects of compound Chinese medicine extracts on growth performance, blood indexes and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2017, 53(1):96-99.(in Chinese)
[12] 刘廷强, 严泽民, 周华峰, 等.蚯蚓小分子多肽提取物的制备及抗氧化活性[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 7:463-466. LIU T Q, YAN Z M, ZHOU H F, et al.Preparation and antioxidant activity of small molecule polypeptide extracts from earthworms[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 7:463-466.(in Chinese)
[13] RUFCHAEI R, HOSEINIFAR S H, NEDAEI S, et al.Non-specific immune responses, stress resistance and growth performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) fed diet supplemented with earthworm (Eisenia foetida) extract[J].Aquaculture, 2019, 511:734275.
[14] 刘晨龙, 方绍培, 钟云平, 等.蚯蚓液和紫珠草对热应激母猪血清生化指标和繁殖性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2020, 9:118-121. LIU C L, FANG S P, ZHONG Y P, et al.Effects of earthworm solution and Pennywort on serum biochemical indices and reproductive performance of heat-stressed sows[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 9:118-121.(in Chinese)
[15] 徐麒麟, 齐桂兰, 莫桂林, 等.蚯蚓提取液对家蚕热激蛋白水平及免疫功能的影响[J].浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(4):593-600. XU Q L, QI G L, MO G L, et al.Effects of earthworm extract on heat shock protein levels and immune function of silworm, Bombyx mori[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejianggensis, 2020, 32(4):593-600.(in Chinese)
[16] OMAR H M, IBRAHEIM Z Z, EL-SHIMY N A, et al.Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antioxidant activities of the earthworms extract[J].Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 2012, 2(1):10-17.
[17] 雷小文, 刘珍妮, 陈荣强, 等.饲粮中添加蚯蚓液对宁都黄鸡生长性能, 屠宰性能, 肌肉品质和血清生化指标的影响[J].江西科学, 2021, 39(1):44-52. LEI X W, LIU Z N, CHEN R Q, et al.Effects of basic diet that added earthworm fluid on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes in Ningdu Yellow chicken[J]. Jiangxi Science, 2021, 39(1):44-52.(in Chinese)
[18] EKINE-DZIVENU C C, MRODE R, OYIENG E, et al.Evaluating the impact of heat stress as measured by temperature-humidity index (THI) on test-day milk yield of small holder dairy cattle in a sub-Sahara African climate[J].Livestock Science, 2020, 242:104314.
[19] 童雄, 闵力, 孙浩, 等.雷州山羊, 努比亚羊及其杂交F1代在热应激环境下生理和血液生化指标的对比研究[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(10):3625-3634. TONG X, MIN L, SUN H, et al.Comparative study on physiological and blood biochemical indexes of Leizhou, Nubia and their F1 crossbred goats under heat stress[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(10):3625-3634.(in Chinese)
[20] 孙冬梅, 汪梦霞.布渣叶化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].世界中医药, 2015, 10(1):143-147. SUN D M, WANG M X.Advances on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Microcos paniculata[J].World Chinese Medicine, 2015, 10(1):143-147.(in Chinese)
[21] 张秋妍, 关萍, 陈新茹, 等.五种中草药提取物对热应激下秀丽隐杆线虫运动能力的影响[J].皖西学院学报, 2020, 36(2):66-79. ZHANG Q Y, GUAN P, CHEN X R, et al.The effect of five Chinese herbal medicines on the exercise ability of C.elegans under heat stress[J].Journal of West Anhui University, 2020, 36(2):66-79.(in Chinese)
[22] OMAR H M, IBRAHEIM Z Z, EL-SHIMY N A, et al.Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antioxidant activities of the earthworms extract[J].Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 2012, 2(1):10-17.
[23] ABDELNOUR S A, EL-HACK M A, KHAFAGA A F, et al.Stress biomarkers and proteomics alteration to thermal stress in ruminants:A review[J].Journal of Thermal Biology, 2019, 79:120-134.
[24] JI S K, ZHANG F, SUN Y K, et al.Influence of dietary slow-release urea on growth performance, organ development and serum biochemical parameters of mutton sheep[J].Plant and Soil, 2017, 101(5):964-973.
[25] 车大璐, 程素彩, 张伟涛, 等.热应激条件下藿朴蒲苓散对育肥羔羊生长性能, 消化性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(6):1829-1840. CHE D L, CHENG S C, ZHANG W T, et al.Effect of Huopopuling powder on growth performance, digestibility and serum biochemical index in fattening lambs under heat stress[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6):1829-1840.(in Chinese)
[26] 赵娟娟, 车大璐, 郭玮婷, 等.复方中药对热应激条件下杂交小尾寒羊生产性能, 生理参数和血液理化指标的影响[J].草业学报, 2022, 31(5):178-189. ZHAO J J, CHE D L, GUO W T, et al.Effect of a Chinese medicine formula on the performance and physiological and blood biochemical parameters of hybrid Small-tail Han sheep under heat stress[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5):178-189.(in Chinese)
[27] 颜语.蚯蚓液对热应激肉鸡生长性能、肠道屏障功能和免疫性能的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学, 2021. YAN Y.Effects of earthworm fluid on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and immune performance of heat-stressed broilers[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[28] 尹胜港, 尤婷, 汤加勇, 等.甘草提取物的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(7):3713-3718. YIN S G, YOU T, TANG J Y, et al.Licorice extract:Biological function and application in livestock and poultry produnction[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(7):3713-3718.(in Chinese)
[29] 李义, 方洛云, 熊本海, 等.植物黄酮在缓解奶牛热应激上的应用前景[J].动物营养学报, 2019, 31(8):3490-3495. LI Y, FANG L Y, XIONG B H, et al.Application prospect of plant flavonoids in relieving heat stress of dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(8):3490-3495.(in Chinese)
[30] IANNUCCI N B, CAMPERI S A, CASCONE O.Purification of enzymes from earthworms[J].Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant, 2009, 3(Special Issue 2):64-68.
[31] 龚会单.环境温度对锦江牛行为和体温调节性生理反应的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2019. GONG H S.The effect of environmental temperature on behaviour and thermoregulation of Jinjiang cattle[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[32] 贾鼎锌, 马丽珠, 黄岗, 等.季节对秦川牛行为的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018, 21:76-79. JIA D X, MA L Z, HUANG G, et al.The study on the behavior of Qinchuan cattle in different seasons[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 21:76-79.(in Chinese)
[33] 边四辈, 屈汶辉.热应激下不同饲养模式泌乳牛躺卧行为的研究[J].中国奶牛, 2017, 329(9):5-8. BIAN S B, QU W H.Impact of heat stress on lying behavior of milking cows in different feeding models[J]. China Dairy Cattle, 2017, 329(9):5-8.(in Chinese)
[34] 张利敏.热应激对奶牛生产性能, 反刍行为及躺卧行为的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2019. ZHANG L M.Effects of heat stress on performance, rumination behaviour and lying behaviour in dairy cows[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[35] 刘新勇, 谭正准, 李辉, 等.热应激对摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(2):521-528. LIU X Y, TAN Z Z, LI H, et al.Effect of heat stress on blood biochemical indexes of Murrah and Nili-Ravi buffaloes[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2):521-528.(in Chinese)
[36] 魏佳, 柏琴, 罗晓林, 等.不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育, 血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(9):3400-3410. WEI J, BAI Q, LUO X L, et al.Effects of different weaning strategies on growth, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of yak calves[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9):3400-3410.(in Chinese)
[37] 任建明, 纪鹏, 张晓松, 等.健脾消导中药复方对6月龄西杂牛生长性能, 瘤胃发酵参数和血清指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(7):2593-2600. REN J M, JI P, ZHANG X S, et al.Effects of Jianpi Xiaodao Chinese herbal compound on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and serum indexes of 6-month-old Simmental crossbred cattles[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(7):2593-2600.(in Chinese)
[38] 钟光, 施寿荣, 邵丹, 等.持续热应激对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和血液指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2018, 30(10):3923-3929. ZHONG G, SHI S R, SHAO D, et al.Effects of persistent heat stress on growth performance, meat quality and blood indexes on Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(10):3923-3929.(in Chinese)
[39] 石璐璐, 王哲奇, 徐元庆, 等.热应激对绵羊血清免疫和抗氧化指标及相关基因相对表达量的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(11):5275-5284. SHI L L, WANG Z Q, XU Y Q, et al.Effect of heat stress on serum immune and antioxidative indexes and relative expression of related genes in sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(11):5275-5284.(in Chinese)
[40] 田亚原, 覃谭, 张旭林, 等.紫玉米秸秆青贮饲料对热应激奶山羊能量利用, 血浆代谢和抗氧化参数的影响[J].中国粮油学报, 2021, 36(8):60-65. TIAN Y Y, QIN T, ZHANG X L, et al.Effect of purple corn stover silage on energy utilization, plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity parameters of heat-stressed dairy goats[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2021, 36(8):60-65.(in Chinese)
[41] 孟雪莲, 陈曼玲, 陈长兰.莲子心生物碱活性成分的药理作用研究进展[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 46(3):229-236. MENG X L, CHEN M L, CHEN C L.Research progress in pharmacological effects of alkaloids from lotus plumule[J].Journal of Liaoning University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 46(3):229-236.(in Chinese)
[42] 王文洁.凉粉草多糖的凝胶特性, 形成机理及其对四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2019. WANG W J.Gelation characteristics, formation mechanism of polysaccharide from Mesona blumes and its protective effect on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[43] 王冬雪, 陈凤真, 李阁, 等.金银花夏枯草鸡蛋花复合饮料研制及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2022, 13(10):3335-3342. WANG D X, CHEN F Z, LI G, et al.Study on the development and antioxidant activity of Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunella vulgaris L.and Plumeria rubra L.compound beverage[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality, 2022, 13(10):3335-3342.(in Chinese)