松针粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究松针粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响，以期为松针粉在蛋鸡生产中的应用提供参考。选用120羽40周龄健康产蛋期京粉1号蛋鸡作为试验动物，随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每个重复10羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组用3%松针粉替代基础饲粮中的小麦麸。预试期7 d，正试期56 d。试验期间，每天按重复记录采食量、产蛋总数、总蛋重等，并以组为单位统计其平均日采食量、平均蛋重、日产蛋量、料蛋比等；在正试期第28和56天，分别从各重复中取2枚鸡蛋测定蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位；在试验结束前1 d和结束当天，从各重复中抽取10枚鸡蛋于4℃贮藏，每次从各重复中取2枚鸡蛋，测定其贮藏后第15、20、60、105天的哈夫单位；在正试期第56天从各重复中选取试验蛋鸡1只，空腹12 h后经翅下静脉采血5 mL后分离血清，采用全自动生化仪测定血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿酸（UA）、尿素（Urea）、葡萄糖（GLU）含量及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性；采用试剂盒法测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果显示：①与对照组相比，饲粮中添加松针粉显著提高了蛋鸡产蛋率（P<0.05），显著降低了平均蛋重和料蛋比（P<0.05），但平均日采食量、平均日产蛋量和合格蛋率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②试验第28天，试验组蛋黄颜色值显著高于对照组（P<0.05），试验第56天，两组间蛋黄颜色值差异不显著（P>0.05）；其余时间点，饲粮中添加松针粉对鸡蛋的哈夫单位、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度均无显著影响（P>0.05）。③与对照组相比，饲粮中添加松针粉对蛋鸡血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、TP、ALB、球蛋白（GLB）、尿素、UA和GLU含量以及ALT、AST、ALP活性均无显著影响（P>0.05），显著提高了蛋鸡血清MDA含量和GSH-Px活性（P<0.05），但对GSH含量和SOD、CAT活性以及T-AOC均无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加3%松针粉能够显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率，改善料蛋比和蛋黄颜色，显著提高蛋鸡血清MDA含量和GSH-Px活性，但未影响机体T-AOC。因此，蛋鸡饲粮中用3%松针粉替代等比例的小麦麸是可行的。

关键词: 松针粉; 蛋鸡; 生产性能; 蛋品质; 血清生化指标; 抗氧化指标

Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pine needle powder on production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of laying hens, in order to provide a reference for applying pine needle powder in laying hens production. A total of 120 healthy 40-week-old No. 1 Jingfen laying hens were selected as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into 2 groups. There were 6 replicates per group and each replicate contained 10 individuals. The hens in control group were fed a basal diet, and those in experimental group were fed the diet adding 3% pine needle powder in the basal diet to replace wheat bran. The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days for adaption and the experimental period lasted for 56 days. In the course of experiment, the feed intake, total egg production and total egg weight were recorded per repeat each day. And then, the average daily feed intake, average egg weight, daily egg production and feed egg ratio were computed in groups. Furthermore, two eggs were taken from each replicate to gauge eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color and Haugh unit at the 28th and 56th days of the experiment. The last two days of the experiment, 10 eggs were selected from each replicate and stored in refrigerator at 4 ℃. Then, two eggs were selected from each replicate to measure Haugh units of eggs at the 15th, 20th, 60th and 105th days of storage. At the 56th day of the experiment, one laying hen was selected from each replicate after fasting for 12 h to extract 5 mL of blood from the inferior wing vein. The contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), uric acid (UA), urea and glucose (GLU), and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were tested by automatic biochemical analyzer. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum were tested by reagent kit method. The results showed that:①Compared with control group, dietary pine needle powder significantly increased the laying rate of laying hens (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the average egg weigh and F/E (P<0.05), but there was no significant differences in average daily feed intake, average daily egg production and qualified egg rate (P>0.05). ②At the 28th day of the experiment, dietary pine needle powder significantly increased the egg yolk color of laying hens (P<0.05), there was no significant differences in egg yolk color between two groups at the 56th day of the experiment (P>0.05). There was no effects on the Haugh unit, eggshell thickness and eggshell strength of eggs (P>0.05). ③ Compared with control group, dietary pine needle powder had no effects on the contents of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TP, ALB, GLB, urea, UA, GLU and the activities of serum ALT, AST and ALP (P>0.05). Dietary pine needle powder significantly increased the content of serum MDA and the activity of GSH-Px of laying hens (P<0.05), but there were no effects on the contents of GSH and the activities of SOD and CAT, and T-AOC (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 3% pine needle powder could significantly increase the egg production rate of laying hens, improve F/E and egg yolk color, and significantly increase the content of serum MDA and the activity of GSH-Px of laying hens, but there was no effect on T-AOC of laying hens. The results indicated that it’s feasible to replace the equal proportion of wheat bran with 3% pine needle powder in the diet of laying hens.

Key words: pine needle powder; laying hens; production performance; egg quality; serum biochemical index; antioxidant index

中图分类号:

S831.5

王前光, 张旭, 朱静波, 王兰, 周丹, 李昊帮, 蒋桂韬. 松针粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3303-3311.

WANG Qianguang, ZHANG Xu, ZHU Jingbo, WANG Lan, ZHOU Dan, LI Haobang, JIANG Guitao. Effect of Pine Needle Powder on Production Performance,Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical and Antioxidant Indices of Laying Hens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3303-3311.

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