早期断奶转群对仔猪行为、生长性能和血液指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究早期断奶转群对仔猪行为、生长性能和血液指标的影响，探寻适宜的断奶转群模式，为改善仔猪福利水平提供参考。【方法】选择体况良好、体重相近（6.98 kg±0.63 kg）的21日龄杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪216头（公母各半），随机分为3组，每组6窝，每窝12头。Ⅰ组为对照组，仔猪不断奶不转群；Ⅱ组为断奶转群组，仔猪既断奶又转群；Ⅲ组为断奶非转群组，仔猪只断奶不转群。21日龄时实施早期断奶，试验期14 d。试验期间观察、统计仔猪行为表现、皮肤损伤、死亡率和腹泻率，采集仔猪血液，测定血清皮质醇和免疫指标。【结果】与对照组相比，Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪采食、休息、玩耍行为极显著下降（P<0.01），探究、独处、哀叫、抱团、攻击和恐人行为极显著上升（P<0.01）。试验处理后第3~5天，Ⅱ组仔猪的皮肤损伤程度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；Ⅱ组仔猪35日龄体重和平均日增重显著低于对照组（P<0.05），腹泻率极显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组（P<0.01）。各组仔猪死亡率由低到高的顺序为：Ⅰ组（0）<Ⅲ组（1.32%）<Ⅱ组（4%）。在试验处理当天，Ⅱ组仔猪的皮质醇浓度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），Ⅲ组皮质醇浓度在等3、5天时极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）而极显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪在第7天免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）浓度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01），白介素-12（IL-12）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）浓度与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】早期断奶转群不仅影响仔猪的行为表现、皮质醇浓度和免疫力水平，而且导致生长性能下降，皮肤损伤程度、死亡率和腹泻率上升，但早期仅断奶不转群仔猪的应激反应相对较低，可减少对仔猪的不利影响。

关键词: 断奶仔猪; 转群应激; 行为; 生长性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of early weaning transfer on piglet behavior, growth performance and blood indexes, and to explore the appropriate weaning transfer mode, so as to provide reference for improving the welfare level of piglets.【Method】 216 (half of castrated male and female) Duroc×Large White×Yorkshire piglets with good health and similar weight (6.98 kg±0.63 kg) were randomly divided into three groups (there were 6 litters in each group and 12 heads in each litter).Group Ⅰ was control group, piglets did not wean or transfer into herds.Group Ⅱ was weaned transfer group, piglets did wean and transfer into herds.Group Ⅲ was weaned non-transfer group, piglets did wean but not transfer into herds.Early weaning was carried out at 21 days of age, and the experimental period was 14 days.During the experiment, the behavior performance, skin injury, mortality and diarrhea rate of piglets were observed and recorded, the blood of piglets was collected, and the serum cortisol and immune indexes were measured.【Result】 Compared with the control group, the feeding, resting and playing behaviors of piglets in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased significantly (P<0.01), and inquiry, solitude, wailing, huddling, aggression and phobia behaviors were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).3-5 days after treatment, the degree of skin damage of piglets was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).The piglets in group Ⅱ had significantly lower body weight and average daily gain at 35 days of age than control group (P<0.05), and extremely significantly higher diarrhea rate than control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01).The order of piglet mortality among groups was group Ⅰ(0)P<0.01), but the cortisol concentration in group Ⅲ was extremely higher than that in control group and extremely lower than that in group Ⅱ at 3 and 5 days after weaning and transfer (P<0.01).The concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly lower than that in control group on the 7th day (P<0.01).The concentrations of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were not significantly different among three groups (P>0.05).【Conclusion】 Early weaning not only affected the behavior, the concentration of cortisol and immunity of piglets, but also leaded to the decline of growth performance, the increase of skin damage, mortality and diarrhea rate.However, the stress of early weaning without transfer on piglets was significantly lower, which could reduce the adverse effects on piglets.

Key words: weaned piglets; transfer stress; behavior; growth performance

中图分类号:

S815.7

杨志维, 李智星, 黄涛, 郝科兴, 王静, 胡广东. 早期断奶转群对仔猪行为、生长性能和血液指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(3): 904-912.

YANG Zhiwei, LI Zhixing, HUANG Tao, HAO Kexing, WANG Jing, HU Guangdong. Effects of Early Weaning and Transfer on Behavior, Growth Performance and Blood Indexes of Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(3): 904-912.

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