木本饲料青贮及利用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.08.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 木本饲料是一种新型的非常规饲料，富含多种氨基酸、维生素和有机物，营养价值丰富，且大部分木本饲料植物粗蛋白质含量较高，可作为优良的蛋白质饲料资源，有效利用能够缓解蛋白质资源匮乏对畜牧业发展的严重制约。但由于抗营养因子的存在，未经处理的木本饲料直接饲喂牲畜适口性较差、消化利用率不高，而通过青贮处理能有效地减少饲料营养物质的损失、提高适口性、改善其营养成分、提升饲喂效果，现已成为一种重要的处理方式。作者基于国内外对木本饲料青贮的相关研究，围绕不同木本饲料营养价值的评定、青贮原料选取、青贮添加剂（化学添加剂、乳酸菌添加剂、酶制剂和营养型添加剂）对青贮发酵的影响、木本饲料与不同原料（禾本科牧草、不同的木本饲料、农业副产品等）混合青贮技术及其对发酵的影响、木本饲料成功青贮后营养成分特征及木本青贮饲料在各项饲喂试验中对不同动物的饲喂效果等方面的研究进展进行系统地综述，并针对木本饲料的研究现状及资源重要性对其未来发展提出建议和展望，以期为木本青贮饲料的后续开发和实际生产应用提供参考。

关键词: 木本饲料; 营养价值; 添加剂青贮; 混合青贮; 饲喂效果

Abstract: Woody feed is a new type of unconventional feed, rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins and organic matter, rich in nutritional value, and most of the woody feed plant have higher crude protein content, which can be used as an excellent protein feed resources, and its effective use can alleviate the severe constraints on the development of animal husbandry.However, due to the existence of anti-nutritional factors, untreated woody feed directly feeds livestock has poor palatability and low digestibility.Silage treatment can effectively reduce the loss of feed nutrients, improve palatability and its nutritional components, and enhance feeding effect, which has become an important treatment method.Based on the domestic and foreign research on the silage of woody feed, this paper focused on the evaluation of nutritional value of different woody feed, selection of silage materials, effects of silage additives (chemical additives, lactic acid bacteria additives, enzyme preparations and nutritional additives) on silage fermentation, the mixed silage technology of woody feed and different raw materials (gramineous forage, different woody feed, agricultural by-products, etc.) and its effect on fermentation, the nutritional characteristics of woody forage after successful silage and the feeding effect of different animals in the various feeding experiment of woody silage were systematically reviewed, according to the research status of woody feed and the importance of resources, suggestions and prospects for its future development were put forward, in order to provide reference for the follow-up development and practical application of woody silage.

Key words: woody feed; nutritional value; additive silage; mixed silage; feeding effect

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

徐进益, 陈超, 王海瑾, 汪欢欢, 那彬彬, 郑玉龙. 木本饲料青贮及利用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(8): 2838-2852.

XU Jinyi, CHEN Chao, WANG Haijin, WANG Huanhuan, NA Binbin, ZHENG Yulong. Research Progress on Silage and Utilization of Woody Feed[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(8): 2838-2852.

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