7种必需氨基酸平衡低蛋白质饲粮对31～60日龄清远麻鸡生长、养分消化及肠道组织形态的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究7种必需氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸)平衡低蛋白质饲粮对31～60日龄清远麻鸡生长及消化功能的影响，探讨低蛋白质饲粮在清远麻鸡上的应用。【方法】选取31日龄健康清远麻鸡960只(母)，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复，每个重复40只鸡。对照组鸡饲喂基础饲粮(CON，粗蛋白质水平为17.5%)，试验组鸡分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平降低至16.5%(A组)、15.5%(B组)和14.5%(C组)的饲粮(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸水平同对照组)，试验期为30 d。60日龄时称重、采血、屠宰取样，测定清远麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、营养物质表观消化率及肠道组织形态。【结果】与对照组相比，①试验组鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②B组鸡脾脏指数显著提高(P＜0.05)。③对于十二指肠，3个试验组鸡隐窝深度均显著升高(P＜0.05)，A和B组鸡绒隐比均显著降低(P＜0.05)；对于空肠，C组鸡绒毛高度显著升高(P＜0.05)，B组鸡隐窝深度显著升高(P＜0.05)，绒隐比显著降低(P＜0.05)；对于回肠，A组鸡绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】在平衡7种必需氨基酸的条件下，饲粮中粗蛋白质水平降低至16.5%、15.5%、14.5%会在一定程度上抑制清远麻鸡肠道组织形态的发育，但对生长性能、血清生化等指标无明显负面影响。综合考虑，清远麻鸡氨基酸平衡饲粮粗蛋白质水平以15.5%为宜。

关键词: 低蛋白质饲粮; 氨基酸平衡饲粮; 清远麻鸡; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 肠道形态

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of low protein with 7 essential amino acids balanced (lysine,methionine,threonine,isoleucine,arginine,tryptophan and valine) diet on growth and digestive function of Qingyuan partridge chickens at 31 to 60 days of age,and provide support for the application of low protein diet on Qingyuan patridge chickens. 【Method】 A total of 960 healthy Qingyuan partridge chickens (female) at the age of 31 days were selected and divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 40 chickens per replicate.The chickens in control group were fed a basal diet (crude protein level was 17.5%),the others in experimental groups were fed diets with crude protein level reduced to 16.5% (group A),15.5% (group B) and 14.5% (group C),respectively,with the same levels of lysine,methionine,threonine,isoleucine,arginine,tryptophan and valine as control group.The experiment lasted for 30 days.At 60 days of age,chickens were weighted,and blood and intestinal tissues were collected,and the growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes，apparent digestibility of nutrients and intestinal tissue morphology were determined.【Result】 Compared with control group,① There were no significant differences in growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and apparent digestibility of nutrients in experimental groups (P＞0.05).② The spleen index of chickens in group B was significantly increased (P＜0.05).③ For duodenum,the crypt depth in 3 experimental groups was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the ratio of villus to crypt in groups A and B was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).For jejunum,the villus height in group C was significantly increased (P＜0.05),the crypt depth in group B was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the ratio of villus to crypt was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).For ileum,the villus height and crypt depth in group A were significantly increased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the condition of balanced 7 essential amino acids, reducing dietary crude protein level to 16.5%,15.5% and 14.5% could inhibit the development of intestinal tissue morphology to a certain extent,but had no obvious negative effects on growth,serum biochemistry and other indicators.Considering all factors,it was recommended to have a crude protein level of 15.5% in an amino acid balanced diet for Qingyuan partridge chickens.

Key words: low protein diet; amino acid balanced diet; Qingyuan partridge chicken; growth performance; slaughter performance; intestinal morphology

中图分类号:

S815.1

欧建存, 黄健, 丘婷, 岑明珠, 郑朝军, 王文河, 黄威龙, 张辉华. 7种必需氨基酸平衡低蛋白质饲粮对31～60日龄清远麻鸡生长、养分消化及肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1102-1112.

OU Jiancun, HUANG Jian, QIU Ting, CEN Mingzhu, ZHENG Chaojun, WANG Wenhe, HUANG Weilong, ZHANG Huihua. Effects of 7 Essential Amino Acids Balanced Low Protein Diet on Growth, Nutrient Digestion and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens at 31 to 60 Days of Age[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1102-1112.

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