荷斯坦牛及其与安格斯牛杂交后代屠宰性能和肉品质的比较

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在比较荷斯坦牛及其与安格斯牛杂交后代(安荷F1代)在直线育肥后的屠宰性能和牛肉品质。【方法】选取荷斯坦阉牛和安荷F1代阉牛各6头，两组试验牛均在2020年6月出生，出生后立即用橡皮筋结扎去势，2月龄时进行断奶，4月龄时开始进行直线育肥，两组试验牛饲粮配方及饲养条件均一致，18月龄进行屠宰。【结果】与荷斯坦阉牛相比，安荷F1代阉牛的宰前活重、胴体重、背膘厚以及眼肌面积均显著或极显著提高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，排酸失重率极显著降低(P＜0.01)；屠宰率有增加的趋势(P=0.069)。两组试验牛的高档肉块出品率差异明显，其中，荷斯坦阉牛上脑和眼肉的重量占比显著低于安荷F1代阉牛(P＜0.05)，使得高档肉块的重量占比也呈现明显的下降(P＜0.01)；在优质肉块中，荷斯坦阉牛的肩肉重量显著高于安荷F1代阉牛(P＜0.05)。肉品质方面，荷斯坦阉牛的剪切力比安荷F1代阉牛低(P＜0.05)；安荷F1代阉牛辣椒肉和外脊部位肉的肌内脂肪含量比荷斯坦阉牛低(P＜0.05)；杂交后，牛肉中氨基酸及脂肪酸的含量和组成均发生了改变，各部位的变化程度不相一致，安荷F1代阉牛的大黄瓜条肉的氨基酸含量高，但鲜味氨基酸低，脂肪酸的改变主要集中在饱和脂肪酸C15∶0和C16∶0上，安荷F1代阉牛显著高于荷斯坦阉牛(P＜0.05)。【结论】相同饲养条件下直线育肥至18月龄，安荷F1代阉牛的屠宰性能优于荷斯坦阉牛，但肌内脂肪沉积能力低于荷斯坦阉牛。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛; 安格斯牛; 杂交; 阉牛; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein cattle and their Angus crossbred offspring (Holstein-Angus F1) after linear fattening.【Method】 Six Holstein steers and six Holstein-Angus F1 steers were selected for the experiment.All cattle were born in June 2020.Castration was performed immediately after birth using rubber bands,weaning occurred at 2 months of age,and linear fattening began at 4 months of age.The diet and feeding conditions were the same for both groups.All cattle were slaughtered at 18 months of age.【Result】 Compared to Holstein steers,the Holstein-Angus F1 steers showed significant or extremely significant improvements in pre-slaughter live weight,carcass weight,backfat thickness,and loin muscle area (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),with a significant reduction in drip loss rate (P＜0.01).The dressing percentage showed an increasing trend (P=0.069).There were extremely significant differences in the yield of high-quality meat cuts between the two groups.Specifically,the proportion of the weight of the chunk roll and rib eye roll in Holstein steers was significantly lower than that in Holstein-Angus F1 steers (P＜0.05),resulting in a noticeable decrease in the weight proportion of high-grade meat cuts (P＜0.01).In terms of high-quality meat,Holstein steers had significantly higher shoulder meat weight proportion than Holstein-Angus F1 steers (P＜0.05).In terms of meat quality,Holstein steers had lower shear force than Holstein-Angus F1 steers (P＜0.05).The intramuscular fat content in the chuck tender and striploin of Holstein-Angus F1 steers was lower than that of Holstein steers (P＜0.05).After crossbreeding,the content and composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the beef were changed,with varying degrees of change across different cuts.Holstein-Angus F1 steers had higher amino acid content in the outside flat but lower umami amino acids.Fatty acid changes were mainly concentrated in saturated fatty acids C15∶0 and C16∶0,which were significantly higher in Holstein-Angus F1 steers than in Holstein steers (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the same feeding conditions,Holstein-Angus F1 steers exhibited better slaughter performance than Holstein steers when fattened to 18 months of age.However,the intramuscular fat deposition ability of Holstein-Angus F1 steers was lower than that of Holstein steers.

Key words: Holstein cattle; Angus cattle; crossbred; steer; slaughter performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S823

杨松, 李慧, 孙芳, 魏梓恒, 卜也, 隋欣芯, 罗丽, 刘春东, 武文斌, 包小平, 许珊珊, 侯进焘. 荷斯坦牛及其与安格斯牛杂交后代屠宰性能和肉品质的比较[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1211-1221.

ANG Song, LI Hui, SUN Fang, WEI Ziheng, BU Ye, SUI Xinxin, LUO Li, LIU Chundong, WU Wenbin, BAO Xiaoping, XU Shanshan, HOU Jintao. Comparison of Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality Between Holstein and Angus-Holstein F1 Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1211-1221.

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