发酵黑水虻对杂交鳢生长性能、体成分及抗氧化和免疫能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过研究饲料中添加不同水平的发酵黑水虻对杂交鳢(Channa maculate ♀×Channa argus ♂)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、抗氧化及免疫能力的影响，探讨发酵黑水虻在水产饲料中的应用价值。【方法】 1 920尾初始体重为(5.88±0.01)g的杂交鳢被随机分成6组，每组4个重复，每重复80尾鱼，分别投喂添加0(对照)、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%发酵黑水虻湿物质的6种试验饲料，分别记作G0、G2、G4、G6、G8、G10，试验期56 d。试验结束后统计每个网箱杂交鳢重量、数量、摄食量，计算生长性能；每网箱随机挑选6尾杂交鳢分析体成分；尾静脉取血并分离血清，测定血清生化、抗氧化与免疫指标；取肝脏,测定肝脏抗氧化与免疫指标。【结果】与G0组相比，G2～G8组杂交鳢终末体重、增重率和特定生长率均有显著提高(P＜0.05),G4组摄食量显著升高(P＜0.05)；G6和G8组饲料系数显著降低(P＜0.05)，存活率显著提高(P＜0.05)。各组间杂交鳢肥满度、脏体比和肠体比均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，G2、G4、G6和G10组肝体比与G0组相比均显著降低(P＜0.05)。各组全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和总磷含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。各组杂交鳢血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇、尿素氮含量及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，G2～G10组血清甘油三酯含量与G0组相比显著降低(P＜0.05)；与G0组相比，G2组血清总抗氧化能力显著提高(P＜0.05)，G2～G8组肝脏过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)，G2～G10组血清溶菌酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】发酵黑水虻对杂交鳢生长性能有显著促进作用，可显著降低杂交鳢肝体比和血清甘油三酯含量，同时可提高杂交鳢抗氧化和免疫能力；发酵黑水虻在杂交鳢饲料中适宜添加水平为2%～8%。

关键词: 发酵黑水虻; 杂交鳢; 生长性能; 体成分; 血清生化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding fermented Black Solider fly (Hermetia illucens L.) in feed on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, and antioxidant and immune ability of hybrid snakehead (Channa maculate ♀×Channa argus ♂). 【Method】 A total of 1 920 hybrid snakehead with an initial weight of (5.88±0.01) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 80 fish per replicate.Hybrid snakehead were fed 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (G0 group, as control group), 2% (G2 group), 4% (G4 group), 6% (G6 group), 8% (G8 group) and 10% (G10 group) of fermented Black Solider fly wet matter for 56 days, respectively.At the end of experiment, the weight, quantity, and food intake of hybrid snakehead in each net cage were counted to calculate their growth performance.Six hybrid snakehead were randomly selected from each pet for body composition analysis.Blood was collected from the caudal vein of sampled hybrid snakehead to separate serum for determination of serum biochemical and serum antioxidant and immune indicators.Liver were collected from sampled hybrid snakehead for determination of antioxidant and immune indicators. 【Result】 Compared with G0 group, the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate in G2 to G8 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05) and feed intake was significantly increased in G4 group (P＜0.05).The feed coefficient rate was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) and survival rate was significantly increased in G6 and G8 groups (P＜0.05)).There were no significant differences in condition factor, viscerosomatic index and intestosomatic index among groups (P＞0.05), and patosomatic index was significantly decreased in G2, G4, G6 and G10 groups compared with G0 group (P＜0.05).The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, calcium and total phosphorus were not significantly different in whole body of hybrid snakehead among groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea nitrogen contents and alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities among groups (P＞0.05), and the serum triglyceride content was significantly decreased in G2 to G10 groups compared with G0 group (P＜0.05).Compared with G0 group, the serum total antioxidant capacity in G2 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05) and the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in liver were significantly increased in G2 to G8 groups (P＜0.05), and the serum lysozyme activity was significantly increased in G2 to G10 groups (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Fermented Black Solider fly could significantly improve growth performance, decrease patosomatic index and the serum triglyceride content, and increase antioxidant and immune ability of hybrid snakehead.The appropriate addition levels of fermented Black Solider fly in feed for hybrid snakehead were 2%-8%.

Key words: fermented Black Solider fly; hybrid snakehead; growth performance; body composition; serum biochemical indexes

中图分类号:

S816.48

朱喜锋, 黄文庆, 李国立, 王梦华, 彭凯, 王国霞, 黄燕华. 发酵黑水虻对杂交鳢生长性能、体成分及抗氧化和免疫能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9): 3807-3816.

ZHU Xifeng, HUANG Wenqing, LI Guoli, WANG Menghua, PENG Kai, WANG Guoxia, HUANG Yanhua. Effects of Fermented Black Solider Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) on Growth Performance, Body Composition,Antioxidant and Immune Ability of Hybrid Snakehead[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9): 3807-3816.

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