饲粮粗纤维水平对猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨饲粮粗纤维(CF)水平对育肥期马身猪和杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪(杜长大猪)生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响,为猪精准营养需要量构建和优质猪肉的生产提供理论依据。【方法】选取体重为(49.67±5.85) kg的健康马身猪和杜长大猪各80头,品种内随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪,各组猪分别饲喂粗纤维水平为2%、5%、8%和11%的饲粮,分别记为2% CF、5% CF、8% CF、11% CF组。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。试验结束后,每个处理挑选体重接近平均值的3头猪屠宰,测定胴体性状和肉品质指标。【结果】饲粮粗纤维水平显著影响猪的生长性能,其中11% CF组马身猪平均日增重显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05),11% CF组杜长大猪料重比显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05)。饲粮粗纤维水平对猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积和后腿比例等胴体性状有显著影响,其中2% CF组马身猪背膘厚显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05),11% CF组杜长大猪背膘厚显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);随着粗纤维水平的提高,眼肌面积呈逐渐增大趋势,在马身猪和杜长大猪中均表现为11% CF组的眼肌面积极显著高于其他3组(P＜0.01),8% CF组显著高于2% CF和5% CF组(P＜0.05);5% CF和8% CF组马身猪后腿比例显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05)。饲粮粗纤维水平对猪肉品质有显著影响,其中2%和5% CF组马身猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于其他2组(P＜0.01);5% CF组马身猪胱氨酸含量显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05),2% CF组蛋氨酸含量显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);8% CF组马身猪棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量均为最高,而杜长大猪的变化趋势则相反。【结论】马身猪在饲喂8%粗纤维水平饲粮时,饲料转化率升高,背膘厚降低,眼肌面积增大,肉色得到改善;杜长大猪在饲喂5%粗纤维水平饲粮时,日增重增加,饲料转化率提高,眼肌面积增大,胴体性状和肌肉嫩度较好。

关键词: 猪; 粗纤维; 生长性能; 胴体性状; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber levels on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in Mashen (MS) pigs and Duroc×Landrace×Yorksire (DLY) pigs,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of the precise nutrition requirements and production of high-quality meat in pigs.【Method】 Eighty healthy MS pigs and eighty DLY pigs with an initial body weight of (49.67±5.85) kg were selected and randomly divided into four treatment groups with five replicates per treatment and four pigs per replicate within breed.Four diets with crude fiber level of 2%,5%,8% and 11% were fed to pigs in the corresponding treatment group,which named 2% CF,5% CF,8% CF and 11% CF groups,respectively.The pre-test period was 7 days and the formal test period was 30 days.At the end of the experiment,three MS pigs and three DLY pigs with similar body weight of the treatment average weight were selected from each group and slaughtered,carcass traits and meat quality were measured.【Result】 The dietary crude fiber levels had significant effects on growth performance of pigs.The average daily gain of MS pigs in 11% CF group was significantly lower than those in other three groups (P＜0.05),and the feed-to-gain of DLY pigs in 11% CF group was significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.05).The dietary crude fiber levels had significant effects on carcass traits,such as the backfat thickness,eye muscle area and hind leg ratio.The backfat thickness of MS pigs in 2% CF group was significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.05),and the backfat thickness of DLY pigs in 11% CF group was significantly lower than those in other three groups (P＜0.05).The eye muscle area was gradually increased with the increase of the dietary crude fiber levels both in MS and DLY pigs,which in 11% CF group was extremely significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.01),and which in 8% CF group was significantly higher than those in 2% and 5% CF groups (P＜0.05).The hind leg ratio of MS pigs in 5% and 8% CF groups was significantly higher than those in other two groups (P＜0.05).The meat quality was also affected by the dietary crude fiber levels.The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of MS pigs in 2% and 5% CF groups was extremely significantly higher than those in 8% and 11% CF groups (P＜0.01). The cysteine content in 5% CF group of MS pigs were significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.05),and the methionine content in 2% CF group were significantly lower than those in other three groups (P<0.05).The contents of palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid of MS pigs in 8% CF group were the highest,and the change trend in DLY pigs was in opposition.【Conclusion】 When feeding MS pigs with a diet with 8% CF,the feed conversion rate and eye muscle area increased,the backfat thickness decreased,and the meat color improved.When feeding DLY pig with a diet containing 5% CF,the daily weight gain,feed conversion rate and eye muscle area increased,and the body structure and muscle tenderness were better.

Key words: pigs; crude fiber; growth performance; carcass traits; meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.31

贠红梅, 赵鑫宇, 赵晓磊, 赵燕, 杨阳, 牛瑾, 郭晓红, 李步高, 曹果清. 饲粮粗纤维水平对猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(7): 2787-2798.

YUN Hongmei, ZHAO Xinyu, ZHAO Xiaolei, ZHAO Yan, YANG Yang, NIU Jin, GUO Xiaohong, LI Bugao, CAO Guoqing. Effects of Dietary Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 2787-2798.

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