不同饲养方式、去势对短角牛育肥、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同饲养方式、去势对短角牛生长育肥、屠宰性能、肉品质的影响。【方法】选取17月龄左右体重相近的18头短角牛，其中公牛12头(分为2组：放牧公牛组和育肥公牛组，每组6头)、阉割牛6头(育肥阉牛组)。放牧公牛组采用放牧饲养；育肥公牛组和育肥阉牛组围栏式育肥，均自由采食全混合饲粮(TMR)。3组均饲养育肥至24月龄进行屠宰，测定短角牛的育肥性能、屠宰性能和肉品质。【结果】在不同饲养方式下，育肥公牛组短角牛终末体重、平均日增重(ADG)、体斜长，胸围和腹围，胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、胴体产肉率、背膘厚、眼肌面积、大理石花纹，总肉重，心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏重量，背最长肌和股二头肌的粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量均极显著或显著高于放牧公牛组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)，背最长肌和股二头肌的剪切力和水分含量显著或极显著低于放牧公牛组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。在相同饲养方式下，育肥公牛组短角牛ADG、眼肌面积、特级肉块和高档肉块重量、心脏和肝脏重量，背最长肌剪切力、股二头肌和背最长肌的水分含量均显著或极显著高于阉牛(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)，大理石花纹、股二头肌和背最长肌粗脂肪含量、股二头肌的粗蛋白质含量显著或极显著低于育肥阉牛组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。【结论】通过舍饲育肥可提高短角牛的生长性能、屠宰性能，改善牛肉嫩度、提高牛肉营养水平；去势降低了短角牛的育肥和屠宰性能，提高了短角牛牛肉大理石花纹等级、嫩度，并改善了牛肉品质。可根据市场需求决定是否去势。

关键词: 短角牛; 饲养方式; 去势; 育肥性能; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different feeding methods, castration on growth and fattening, slaughtering performance and meat quality of Shorthorn were studied. 【Method】 18 Shorthorn with similar body weight at about 17 months of age were selected, including 12 bulls (divided into 2 groups:Grazing bull group and fattening bull group, with 6 bulls in each group) and 6 steers (fattening steer group).The bulls in grazing bull group were raised by grazing, and in fattening bull group and fattening steer group were fattened in a fence style and freely fed with total mixed ration (TMR).All bulls in three groups were fed and fattened until 24 months of age and slaughtered.The fattening performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Shorthorn were measured. 【Result】 Under different feeding methods, the final weight, average daily gain (ADG), body slanting length, chest girth and abdominal circumference, carcass weight, slaughter rate, meat percentage, meat-bone ratio, carcass meat production rate, backfat thickness, loin muscle area, marling, total meat weight, as well as the weight of heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and the crude fat and protein content of the longissimus dorsi muscle and biceps femoris muscle in fattening bull group were extremely significantly or significantly higher than those in grazing bull group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The shear force and water content of the longissimus dorsi muscle and biceps femoris were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in the grazing bull group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Under the same feeding method, the ADG, loin muscle area, weight of choicest and premium cuts, heart and liver weight, shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle, water content of the biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscle in fattening bull group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the fattening steer group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while marling，crude fat content of biceps femoris and longest back muscle, and crude protein content of the biceps femoris were significantly or extremely significantly lower than those in fattening steer group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 Fattening could improve growth and slaughter performance, beef tenderness and nutritional levels, while castration could reduce the fattening and slaughter performance of Shorthorn.However, it could improve the marbling grade, tenderness, and beef quality of Shorthorn.Therefore, castration should be decided based on market demand.

Key words: Shorthorn; feeding methods; castration; fattenning performance; slaughter performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S823.8

戴思凡, 张瑞云, 王梓蓓, 志莉, 赵敏霖, 朱胜全, 姚新荣, 刘艺端, 王莉兴, 亐开兴, 吴东旺, 毛华明, 李清. 不同饲养方式、去势对短角牛育肥、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9): 3817-3827.

DAI Sifan, ZHANG Ruiyun, WANG Zibei, ZHI Li, ZHAO Minlin, ZHU Shengquan, YAO Xinrong, LIU Yiduan, WANG Lixing, QU Kaixing, WU Dongwang, MAO Huaming, LI Qing. Effects of Different Feeding Methods, Castration on Fattening,Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality of Shorthorn[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9): 3817-3827.

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