种鸽饲粮锰水平对种鸽蛋品质及乳鸽屠宰性能、肉质性状和抗氧化性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验通过添加外源锰制剂(MnSO₄·H₂O),探究种鸽饲粮不同锰水平对种鸽蛋品质及乳鸽体重、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响,为中国鸽养殖业提供试验参考。【方法】试验选取体重和产蛋性能相近的健康银羽王种鸽120对,随机分成5组,每组设立8个重复组,每重复组安排3对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。5个组分别使用不额外添加锰的基础饲粮(对照组)及在基础饲粮中分别添加35、70、105和140 mg/kg锰的试验饲粮。饲粮以颗粒料形式喂给种鸽。试验期包括孵化期18 d和哺乳期28 d,总计46 d。期间记录种鸽采食量和乳鸽体重,计算种鸽平均日采食量和乳鸽平均日增重。采集鸽蛋、种鸽和28日龄乳鸽血清、乳鸽胸肌、心脏、肝脏样本,测定鸽蛋品质,血清抗氧化指标及28日龄乳鸽胸肌肉质性状及组织中锰含量,并计算乳鸽的屠宰性能。【结果】① 70和140 mg/kg锰组鸽蛋的蛋壳重显著高于35和105 mg/kg锰组(P＜0.05);70和105 mg/kg锰组鸽蛋的蛋黄色泽值显著高于对照组和35 mg/kg锰组(P＜0.05);35 mg/kg锰组鸽蛋的哈氏单位数值显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);70、105和140 mg/kg锰组鸽蛋的蛋壳反光率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。② 35和140 mg/kg锰组1~28日龄乳鸽的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。③ 35和140 mg/kg锰组28日龄乳鸽的屠宰率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);35、105和140 mg/kg锰组28日龄乳鸽的全净膛率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);35 mg/kg锰组28日龄乳鸽的半净膛率显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05)。④ 各组间28日龄乳鸽胸肌的肉品质及胸肌、心肌、肝脏组织中的锰含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。⑤ 35和140 mg/kg锰组28日龄乳鸽血清的过氧化氢酶活力显著低于其他组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在种鸽基础饲粮中额外添加35 mg/kg锰可提高28日龄乳鸽的屠宰率、全净膛率和半净膛率;额外添加70 mg/kg锰可改善鸽蛋的蛋壳质量、加深蛋黄颜色。

关键词: 锰; 种鸽; 乳鸽; 蛋品质; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 In this experiment, the effects of different manganese levels in pigeon diets on egg quality and squab weight, slaughter performance, meat quality and serum antioxidant indexes were investigated through the addition of exogenous manganese preparation (MnSO₄·H₂O) to provide experimental references for pigeon farming in China. 【Method】 One hundred and twenty pairs of healthy, adult Silver King pigeons of similar body weight and laying performance were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with eight replicates per group, each replicate containing three pairs of pigeons, and each pair of pigeons rearing two squabs. These five groups used a basal diet without additional manganese (control group) and experimental diets with 35, 70, 105 and 140 mg/kg manganese added to the basal diet, respectively. The ration was fed to the pigeons in the form of pellets. The test period consisted of an incubation period of 18 days and a lactation period of 28 days, for a total of 46 days. During the experiment, the feed intake of adult pigeons and the weight of squabs were recorded, and the average daily feed intake of adult pigeons and the average daily gain of squabs were calculated. The pigeon eggs, serum from breeding pigeons and 28-day-old squabs, breast muscle, heart and liver samples from squabs were collected for the measurement of the quality of pigeon eggs, serum antioxidant index, the meat quality and manganese content in the breast muscle of squabs, and the slaughtering performance of 28-day-old squabs was calculated. 【Result】 ① The eggshell weight of pigeon eggs in 70 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups was significantly higher than that in 35 and 105 mg/kg manganese groups (P＜0.05). The yolk color value of pigeon eggs in 70 and 105 mg/kg manganese groups was significantly higher than that in control and 35 mg/kg manganese groups (P＜0.05). The HU value of pigeon eggs in 35 mg/kg manganese group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P＜0.05). The eggshell reflectance in 70, 105 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05). ② The average daily gain of squabs aged 1 to 28 days in 35 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05). ③ The slaughter rate of 28-day-old squabs in 35 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). The evisceration rate of 28-day-old squabs in 35, 105 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). The semi-evisceration rate of 28-day-old squabs in 35 mg/kg manganese group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P＜0.05). ④ There were no significant differences in breast muscle meat quality and manganese content in breast muscle, myocardium and liver of 28-day-old squabs among all groups (P＞0.05). ⑤ The serum catalase activity of 28-day-old squabs in 35 and 140 mg/kg manganese groups were significantly lower than that in other groups (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of 35 mg/kg manganese in the basal diet of breeding pigeons could improve the slaughter rate, full evisceration rate and half evisceration rate of 28-day-old squabs. The addition of an additional 70 mg/kg manganese could improve the egg shell quality and deepen the yolk color.

Key words: manganese; breeding pigeon; squabs; egg quality; meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.7

李昊轩, 王铮, 秦士贞, 张博, 李晶, 索琰瑞, 赵东栋, 汪阳阳, 刘文丽, 申莉, 孙鸿, 史兆国, 邵玉新. 种鸽饲粮锰水平对种鸽蛋品质及乳鸽屠宰性能、肉质性状和抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(7): 2837-2848.

LI Haoxuan, WANG Zheng, QIN Shizhen, ZHANG Bo, LI Jing, SUO Yanrui, ZHAO Dongdong, WANG Yangyang, LIU Wenli, SHEN Li, SUN Hong, SHI Zhaoguo, SHAO Yuxin. Effect of Manganese Level in Breeding Pigeon Diets on Egg Quality of Breeding Pigeons and Slaughtering Performance,Meat Quality and Antioxidant Properties of Squabs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 2837-2848.

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