花椒籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究花椒籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,为减少肉鸡对豆粕的依赖提供有效的途径。【方法】选取健康、体重相近(48.87 g±0.15 g)的1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(CON)肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组肉鸡使用2.5%(ZBM-1)和7.5%(ZBM-2)花椒籽粕替代基础饲粮中的豆粕。试验期42 d,研究花椒籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。【结果】 ①与对照组相比,ZBM-2组肉鸡在1~21、22~42和1~42 d的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均显著升高(P＜0.05)。②ZBM-2组肉鸡全净膛率显著高于对照组和ZBM-1组(P＜0.05)。③与对照组相比,ZBM-1和ZBM-2组肉鸡肌肉滴水损失和蒸煮损失均显著降低(P＜0.05)。④与对照组相比,ZBM-2组21 d肉鸡血清中白蛋白和球蛋白含量均显著升高(P＜0.05),而谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);ZBM-2组42 d肉鸡血清中白蛋白和球蛋白含量,以及碱性磷酸酶活性均显著升高(P＜0.05),而总胆固醇含量则显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑤与对照组相比,ZBM-2组21和42 d肉鸡血清中总抗氧化能力、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著升高(P＜0.05),而丙二醛含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,饲粮中使用花椒籽粕替代豆粕可以提高肉鸡肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能。花椒籽粕在肉鸡饲粮中的添加量建议为2.5%。

关键词: 花椒籽粕; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effects of substituting soybean meal with Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal on the growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indicators,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of broilers,so as to provide a potential strategy to reduce the reliance of soybean meal in broilers. 【Method】 A total of 180 AA broilers at 1 day of age,with a uniform body weight of 48.87 g±0.15 g,were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups,each consisting of 6 replicates with 10 chickens per replicate.The broilers in control group (CON) were fed a basic diet,while the experimental group received diets containing 2.5% (ZBM-1) and 7.5% (ZBM-2) Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal as a substitute for soybean meal in basic diet.The experimental period lasted for 42 d.The effects of replacing soybean meal with Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal on the growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indicators,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of broilers were analyzed. 【Result】 ① Compared with CON group,the average daily weight gain,average daily feed intake,and feed to gain ratio of broilers in ZBM-2 group were significantly increased at 1-21,22-42,and 1-42 days of age (P＜0.05).② The eviscerated carcass weight rate of broilers in ZBM-2 group was significantly higher than CON and ZBM-1 groups (P＜0.05).③ Compared with CON group,the drip loss and cooking loss of muscle of broilers in ZBM-1 and ZBM-2 groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).④ Compared with CON group,the albumin and globulin levels in serum of broilers at 21 days of age in ZBM-2 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but the alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The albumin and globulin levels,and the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of broilers at 42 days of age in ZBM-2 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but the total cholesterol content was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).⑤ Compared with CON group,the total antioxidant capacity,immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M levels,and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age in ZBM-2 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but the malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,substituting Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal for soybean meal in diet could enhance the meat quality,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of broilers.The recommended usage rate of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal in broilers was 2.5%.

Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal; broilers; growth performance; slaughtering performance; antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S816.7

陈星, 李晓珍, 郑爱娟, 王泽栋, 陈志敏, 刘国华. 花椒籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 158-168.

CHEN Xing, LI Xiaozhen, ZHENG Aijuan, WANG Zedong, CHEN Zhimin, LIU Guohua. Effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Meal Replacing Soybean Meal on the Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indicators,Antioxidant Capacity,and Immune Function of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 158-168.

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