冬季叠层笼养肉鸡舍内氨气、二氧化碳和空气颗粒物浓度分布特征

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.08.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究冬季叠层笼养肉鸡舍内氨气(NH₃)、二氧化碳(CO₂)和空气颗粒物浓度分布特征,为立体养殖鸡舍环境均匀度控制提供基础参数。【方法】2022年11月22日—2022年12月30日,以豫北某叠层笼养肉鸡舍(科宝白羽肉鸡)为研究对象,在7、14、21、28和35日龄,分别于06:00、09:00、12:00、15:00和18:00测量舍内15个不同位置的NH₃、CO₂和空气颗粒物浓度。【结果】①舍内平均NH₃浓度为1.72 mg/m³,日变化差异显著(P＜0.05);阶段变化中,14日龄NH₃浓度显著高于21和35日龄(P＜0.05);纵向比较,7、14和28日龄中间和后端NH₃浓度显著高于前端(P＜0.05);垂直方向比较,21和35日龄由上至下NH₃浓度显著升高(P＜0.05),28日龄中层和下层等高位置NH₃浓度显著高于上层等高位置(P＜0.05);三维分布上,15个测量点间NH₃浓度存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),14日龄NH₃浓度差最大,为0.81 mg/m³。②舍内平均CO₂浓度为1 987 mg/m³。阶段变化中,14日龄CO₂浓度显著高于其他日龄(P＜0.05);日变化中,06:00和09:00 CO₂浓度高于15:00和18:00(P＜0.05),12:00最低;纵向比较,7日龄后端CO₂浓度显著高于前端和中间(P＜0.05),14日龄中间和后端CO₂浓度显著高于前端(P＜0.05),35日龄后端CO₂浓度显著高于前端(P＜0.05);垂直方向CO₂浓度差异均不显著(P＞0.05);三维分布上,15个测量点间CO₂浓度存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),35日龄CO₂浓度差最大,为471 mg/m³。③舍内细颗粒物(PM_2.5)、可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)平均浓度分别为125.28 μg/m³、155.24 μg/m³和2.17 mg/m³,日变化皆存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),阶段变化随日龄的增加显著升高(P＜0.05),纵向、垂直方向和三维分布差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。【结论】冬季叠层笼养肉鸡舍NH₃、CO₂和空气颗粒物浓度分布不均匀,CO₂浓度超标,需加强通风。

关键词: 氨气(NH₃); 二氧化碳(CO₂); 空气微粒; 叠层笼养; 肉鸡

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics of ammonia (NH₃),carbon dioxide (CO₂) and airborne particle concentration in a broiler house with vertical tiered cages in winter,and provide basic parameters for the control of environmental uniformity in three-dimensional breeding chicken houses.【Method】 From November 22 to December 30,2022,a broiler house with vertical tiered cages (Cobb White feather broiler) in Northern Henan was used as the research object.At 7,14,21,28 and 35 days of age,the concentrations of NH₃,CO₂ and airborne particle at 15 different positions in the house were measured at 06:00,09:00,12:00,15:00 and 18:00,respectively.【Result】 ①The average NH₃ concentration in the broiler house was 1.72 mg/m³,with significant differences in daily variation (P＜0.05).In the changes of stage,the NH₃ concentration at 14 days of age was significantly higher than that at 21 and 35 days of age (P＜0.05).In longitudinal comparison,the NH₃ concentrations in the middle and rear ends were significantly higher than that in the front end at 7,14 and 28 days of age (P＜0.05).In the vertical direction,the NH₃ concentration increased significantly from top to bottom at 21 and 35 days of age (P＜0.05),and the NH₃ concentrations in the middle and lower equal height positions were significantly higher than those in the upper equal height position at 28 days of age (P＜0.05).In the three-dimensional distribution,there were significant differences among the 15 measurement points (P＜0.05),and the NH₃ concentration difference at 14 days of age was the largest,which was 0.81 mg/m³.② The average CO₂concentration in the broiler house was 1 987 mg/m³,and the 14-day-old was significantly higher than other days (P＜0.05).In the diurnal variation,the CO₂ concentrations at 06:00 and 09:00 were significantly higher than those at 15:00 and 18:00 (P＜0.05),and 12:00 was the lowest.In longitudinal comparison,the CO₂ concentration in the rear end was significantly higher than that in the front end and the middle at 7 days of age (P＜0.05),the middle and rear end were significantly higher than the front end at 14 days of age (P＜0.05),and the rear end was significantly higher than the front end at 35 days of age (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in vertical direction (P＞0.05).In the three-dimensional distribution,there were significant differences among the 15 measurement points (P＜0.05),and the concentration difference was the largest at 35 days of age,which was 471 mg/m³.③The average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5),inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were 125.28 μg/m³,155.24 μg/m³ and 2.17 mg/m³,respectively.There were significant differences in diurnal variation (P＜0.05).The phase change increased significantly with the increase of day age (P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences in longitudinal,vertical and three-dimensional distribution (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 In winter,the concentration distribution of NH₃,CO₂ and airborne particle in the broiler house with vertical tiered cages were uneven,and the concentration of CO₂ exceeds the standard,so it was necessary to strengthen ventilation.

Key words: ammonia (NH₃); carbon dioxide (CO₂); airborne particle; stacked-cage raising; broiler

中图分类号:

S831.4

唐璐婵, 王俊, 石志芳, 李绚阳, 席磊. 冬季叠层笼养肉鸡舍内氨气、二氧化碳和空气颗粒物浓度分布特征[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(8): 3687-3701.

TANG Luchan, WANG Jun, SHI Zhifang, LI Xuanyang, XI Lei. Distribution Characteristics of Ammonia,Carbon Dioxide and Airborne Particle Concentrations in a Broiler House with Vertical Tiered Cages in Winter[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3687-3701.

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