饲粮中添加刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道组织形态、抗氧化能力、免疫力及代谢组学的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中添加刺梨渣(Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue)对鲤鱼肠道组织形态、抗氧化能力、免疫力及代谢组学的影响,以期为刺梨渣饲料在贵州山区农村稻田养鱼中的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】选取180尾健康无病、初始体重为25 g±1 g的鲤鱼,随机分为正常组(基础饲料中不添加刺梨渣)和刺梨渣饲喂组(基础饲料中添加0.4%刺梨渣),每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾,试验期60 d。试验结束后,采集鲤鱼中段肠道,通过显微镜观察、ELISA检测和基于液相色谱的代谢组学技术分析鲤鱼肠道组织形态、抗氧化能力、免疫力及代谢组学。【结果】与正常组相比,饲喂刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道的正常结构无不良影响,且肠道绒毛长度和肌层厚度均极显著增加(P＜0.01);刺梨渣饲喂组鲤鱼肠道中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P＜0.05),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P＜0.05);刺梨渣饲喂组共显著富集到2-酮丁酸、L-(+)-乳酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、D-天冬氨酸、D-谷氨酰胺、黄嘌呤核苷、次黄嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶和D-焦谷氨酸等85种差异代谢物,这些代谢物主要富集到丙酸盐代谢,丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,嘌呤代谢,嘧啶代谢等代谢通路。【结论】饲粮中添加刺梨渣可提高鲤鱼肠道组织抗氧化性能和免疫指标,可通过影响嘌呤和嘧啶代谢以及相关代谢物D-谷氨酰胺、黄嘌呤核苷、次黄嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、2'-脱氧尿苷-5'-单磷酸盐和尿嘧啶等来改善鲤鱼肠道健康,进而提高机体免疫力。

关键词: 刺梨渣; 鲤鱼; 肠道组织形态; 抗氧化能力; 免疫力; 代谢组学

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effect of adding Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue to the diet on the intestinal histomorphology,antioxidant capacity,immunity and metabolomics of common carp,so as to provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue feed for paddy-fish farming in rural mountainous areas of Guizhou province. 【Method】 One hundred and eighty healthy and disease-free common carp with an initial body weight of 25 g±1 g were selected and randomly divided into normal group (no Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue was added to basal feed) and Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue feeding group (0.4% Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue was added to basal feed),with three replicates of 30 fish in each group,the experiment period was 60 d.The mid-portion of the intestine of common carp was collected after the experiment,and the intestinal histomorphology,antioxidant capacity,immunity and metabolomics of common carp were analyzed by microscopic observation,ELISA and metabolomics technology based on liquid chromatography. 【Result】 Compared with normal group,the feeding of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue had no adverse effect on the normal structure of intestine in common carp,the length of intestinal villi and thickness of muscularis propria were both extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in intestinal tract of common carp in Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue feeding group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).A total of 85 differential metabolites were significantly enriched in Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue feeding group,including 2-ketobutyric acid,L-(+)-lactic acid,propionic acid,succinic acid,D-aspartic acid,D-glutamine,xanthine nucleoside,hypoxanthine,thymine,uracil,D-pyroglutamic acid,etc.,which were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of propionate metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,purine metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,etc. 【Conclusion】 The addition of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue in diet could improve the antioxidant property and immune indexes of intestinal tissue in common carp,which might improve intestinal health and enhance immunity of common carp by affecting the purine and pyrimidine metabolism of common carp as well as the related metabolites,such as D-glutamine,xanthine nucleoside,hypoxanthine,thymine,2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate and uracil.

Key words: Rosa roxburghii Tratt. residue; common carp; intestinal histomorphology; antioxidant capacity; immunity; metabolomics

中图分类号:

S963.73⁺9

冯轶, 杨芸芸, 罗永荣, 吴鹏, 王艳, 杨颖, 陈江凤, 姜海波, 文明. 饲粮中添加刺梨渣对鲤鱼肠道组织形态、抗氧化能力、免疫力及代谢组学的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 80-93.

FENG Yi, YANG Yunyun, LUO Yongrong, WU Peng, WANG Yan, YANG Ying, CHEN Jiangfeng, JIANG Haibo, WEN Ming. Effect of Dietary Addition of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Residue on Intestinal Histomorphology,Antioxidant Capacity,Immunity and Metabolomics in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 80-93.

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