多组学视角下中药抗菌机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着抗生素滥用引发的耐药性问题的日益严重,新型抗菌药物的开发利用迫在眉睫,传统中草药(traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)具有多靶点、副作用小、抗耐药性和广谱等优点,在抗菌方面具有广泛应用和显著效果。随着测序技术、高分辨率质谱等的发展,转录组学、蛋白质组学与代谢组学技术被广泛应用于中药抗菌机制的研究。转录组学技术可用于筛选和验证差异表达基因,以了解中药和细菌之间的相互作用途径。蛋白质组学可帮助识别中药中的活性成分,并解析其与致病菌蛋白质之间的相互作用。代谢组学技术可用于检测代谢产物的变化,以识别在中药和细菌之间的相关代谢物的差异。然而,单一的组学研究具有一定的局限性,多组学联合分析可更全面地了解细菌与宿主之间的相互作用及中药对细菌感染的调控机制。笔者从转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及多组学联用技术方面系统性总结了中药抗菌活性及中药影响群体感应、生物膜形成、物质代谢和氧化应激反应等抗菌机制的研究,旨在为中药抗菌机理的解析和抗菌药物筛选开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 多组学研究; 蛋白组学; 转录组学; 代谢组学; 中药; 抗菌

Abstract: The growing problem of drug resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics has led to the urgent need for the development and utilization of new antimicrobial drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers several advantages,including multi-targeting,low side-effects,anti-drug resistance,and broad-spectrum applications,which have led to its use in a wide range of antimicrobial contexts.The development of sequencing technology and high-resolution mass spectrometry has facilitated the widespread use of transcriptomics,proteomics and metabolomics technologies in the study of antimicrobial mechanisms of TCM.Transcriptomics technology can be employed to screen and validate differentially expressed genes,thereby enabling the understanding of the interaction pathways between TCM and bacteria.Proteomics can assist in the identification of the active ingredients present in herbal medicines,as well as in the resolution of their interactions with pathogenic bacterial proteins.Metabolomics techniques can be utilized to detect changes in metabolites,thus facilitating the identification of differences in relevant metabolites between TCM and bacteria.However,single-omics studies have inherent limitations,and joint multi-omics analyses can provide a more comprehensive understanding of bacterial-host interactions and the mechanisms by which herbal medicines regulate bacterial infections.The authors present a systematic review of the literature on the antibacterial activity of TCM and the antibacterial mechanism of TCM affecting group sensing,biofilm formation,substance metabolism,and oxidative stress response based on studies using transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and multi-omics combined techniques,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of TCM and the screening and development of antibacterial drugs.

Key words: multi-omics research; proteomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; traditional Chinese medicine; antimicrobials

中图分类号:

S853.74

乔常宏, 陈翔宇, 刘宝玲, 罗琴, 刘丁语, 何振文, 王晓虎, 陈晶, 张翩, 黄元, 白挨泉, 王刚, 蔡汝健. 多组学视角下中药抗菌机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 52-59.

QIAO Changhong, CHEN Xiangyu, LIU Baoling, LUO Qin, LIU Dingyu, HE Zhenwen, WANG Xiaohu, CHEN Jing, ZHANG Pian, HUANG Yuan, BAI Aiquan, WANG Gang, CAI Rujian. Research Progress on the Antimicrobial Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Through a Multi-omics Perspective[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 52-59.

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