家畜肌纤维特性的调控因素及其对肉品质的影响研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肉品质的改良是目前家畜生产的重要目标，肌纤维作为肌肉组织的重要组成部分，其各类型占比组合对肉品质有重要的影响。成熟肌纤维由中胚层祖细胞经历成肌细胞、肌管、初级肌纤维和次级肌纤维几个发育过程形成。家畜体内肌纤维理化性质并不统一，一般依据肌纤维中肌球蛋白重链的类型对肌纤维进行分型，常规的分子分型方法即可进行肌球蛋白重链分型鉴定，这些方法将肌纤维分为Ⅰ型(氧化型)纤维和Ⅱ型(酵解型)纤维及中间类型纤维，其中Ⅰ型和ⅡA型肌纤维对肉品质的影响更为积极，且肌纤维具有较强的可塑性，受多种通路因子和表观遗传现象调控。尽管调控家畜肌纤维的通路因子较为明晰，但由于肌纤维类型性状的复杂性，仍缺乏一致认可的分子遗传标记，目前认为，SSC基因家族可能是后续进行深度挖掘验证的目标基因家族。除分子标记的筛选外，对位点的进一步挖掘和验证也是家畜肌纤维遗传改良工作的重点。

关键词: 家畜; 肌纤维类型; 肌纤维发育; 肉品质; 调节因子

Abstract: The improvement of meat quality is an important goal of livestock production.As an important part of muscle tissue,muscle fiber has an important impact on meat quality.Mature muscle fibers are formed by mesodermal progenitor cells through several developmental processes including myoblasts,myotubes,primary and secondary muscle fibers.The physical and chemical properties of muscle fibers in domestic animals are not uniform,but it is found that most studies classify muscle fibers according to the type of myosin heavy chain in muscle fibers.Conventional molecular typing methods can classify and identify myosin heavy chain.These methods classify muscle fibers into type Ⅰ (oxidized) fibers,type Ⅱ (glycolytic) fibers and intermediate types of fibers,it is found that type Ⅰ and type ⅡA muscle fibers have more positive effects on meat quality.Moreover,muscle fibers have strong plasticity and are regulated by a variety of pathway factors and epigenetic phenomena.Although the pathway factors regulating muscle fiber in livestock are relatively clear,due to the complexity of muscle fiber type traits,there is still a lack of consistent molecular genetic markers.According to the current research,SSC gene family may be the target gene family for further mining and validation research.In addition to the screening of molecular markers,the further excavation and verification of loci is the focus of genetic improvement of muscle fibers in livestock.

Key words: livestock; muscle fibre type; muscle fibre development; meat quality; regulatory factor

中图分类号:

S852.21

冯谦洁, 文璟, 许艳丽, 乐祥鹏. 家畜肌纤维特性的调控因素及其对肉品质的影响研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1057-1069.

FENG Qianjie, WEN Jing, XU Yanli, YUE Xiangpeng. Research Progress on Regulatory Factors of Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Its Effect on Meat Quality of Livestock[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1057-1069.

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