枯草芽孢杆菌对保育猪生长性能、肠道形态、血清生化和免疫指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过研究不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对保育猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、血清生化及免疫指标的影响，探讨其在保育猪养殖中添加的最佳剂量，为枯草芽孢杆菌的高效应用提供参考。【方法】选取240头体况相近的保育猪，平均分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复10头猪。对照组猪采食基础饲粮，3个试验组猪分别采食在基础饲粮中添加200、400、800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数分别为2.0×10⁹、4.0×10⁹、8.0×10⁹ CFU/kg)的饲粮。试验期60 d。试验结束时从各重复中随机选取1头猪，采集血液、空肠和回肠样品，测定保育猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态及血清生化和免疫指标。【结果】与对照组相比，饲粮中添加400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌能够显著提高保育猪终末体重和平均日增重(P＜0.05)，显著降低料重比(P＜0.05)；显著提高保育猪回肠、空肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P＜0.05)，显著降低回肠和空肠的隐窝深度(P＜0.05)；显著提高保育猪血清中白蛋白、总蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G和白介素-2含量(P＜0.05)，显著降低肿瘤坏死因子-α含量(P＜0.05)；添加200 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌对保育猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、血清生化及免疫指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】在保育猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以提高其生长性能，优化肠道黏膜结构，改善机体蛋白质周转代谢水平和免疫功能。综合考虑，添加剂量以400 mg/kg(活菌数4.0×10⁹ CFU/kg)为宜。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌; 保育猪; 生长性能; 肠道黏膜形态; 血清生化指标; 免疫功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance,intestinal mucosa morphology,serum biochemistry and immune indexes of nursery pigs were studied to explore the optimal dose of Bacillus subtilis in nursery pig breeding,and to provide a reference for the efficient application of Bacillus subtilis. 【Method】 Two hundred and forty nursery pigs with similar body condition were selected and equally divided into four groups with six replicates per group and ten pigs per replicate.Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet,and in the three experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 200,400 and 800 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis (the viable counts were 2.0×10⁹,4.0×10⁹ and 8.0×10⁹ CFU/kg),respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 days.At the end of the experiment,one pig was randomly selected from each replicates,and serum,jejunal and ileal samples were collected.Growth performance,intestinal mucosal morphology,serum biochemical and immune indexes of nursery pigs were measured. 【Result】 Compared with the control group,the addition of 400 and 800 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis to the diets significantly increased the final body weight and average daily gain of nursery pigs in the experimental period (P＜0.05),and significantly reduced the feed-to-gain ratio (P＜0.05),significantly increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the ileum and jejunum of nursery pigs (P＜0.05),and significantly decreased the crypt depth of the ileum and jejunum (P＜0.05),significantly increased albumin,total protein,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin G,and interleukin-2 contents in serum of nursery pigs (P＜0.05),and significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α content of serum (P＜0.05).The addition of 200 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis had no significant effect on growth performance,intestinal mucosa morphology,serum biochemistry and immunity indexes of nursery pigs (P＞0.05) 【Conclusion】 Adding Bacillus subtilis to nursery pig diets could improve their growth performance,optimize the intestinal mucosal structure,and improve the level of protein turnover metabolism and immune function of the body.Taking all factors into consideration,the appropriate dosage for addition was 400 mg/kg (viable cell count was 4.0×10⁹ CFU/kg).

Key words: Bacillus subtilis; nursery pigs; growth performance; intestinal mucosal morphology; serum biochemical indexes; immune function

中图分类号:

S816.7

李晶, 董滢. 枯草芽孢杆菌对保育猪生长性能、肠道形态、血清生化和免疫指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 678-685.

LI Jing, DONG Ying. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Intestinal Morphology, Serum Biochemical and Immune Indexes in Nursery Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 678-685.

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