穿心莲提取物对1～42日龄宁都黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道健康的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮中添加穿心莲提取物(APE)对宁都黄鸡生长性能、血清生化及肠道健康的影响。【方法】选用270羽1日龄体重相近的健康宁都黄鸡，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复15羽，空白对照组鸡饲喂基础饲粮，APE组和抗生素对照组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1% APE和0.2%金霉素，试验期42 d。试验结束后，统计宁都黄鸡体重和采食量，计算生长性能；采集血液样本测定血清生化指标；采集空肠组织样品和盲肠内容物，检测肠道组织形态指标及盲肠微生物结构指标。【结果】①与空白对照组相比，APE组宁都黄鸡终末体重和平均日增重(ADG)均显著升高(P＜0.05)，料重比(F/G)显著降低(P＜0.05)；②与空白对照组相比，APE组宁都黄鸡血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量显著升高(P<0.05)；与空白对照组和抗生素对照组相比，APE组血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著升高，低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、IL-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P＜0.05)；③APE组宁都黄鸡空肠隐窝深度(CD)显著低于空白对照组(P＜0.05)，绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)值显著高于抗生素对照组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。④通过Beta多样性分析发现各组间宁都黄鸡盲肠微生物结构差异显著(P＜0.05)；与空白对照组相比，APE组宁都黄鸡盲肠螺旋菌门和脱铁杆菌门的相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，理研菌科RC9肠道群相对丰度提高，显著高于抗生素对照组(P＜0.05)；与空白对照组相比，APE组宁都黄鸡盲肠厚壁菌门和考拉杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下，饲粮中添加APE可以提高宁都黄鸡生长性能，降低血脂含量和血清炎症因子水平，改善肠道形态，调节肠道菌群结构，从而改善肠道健康。

关键词: 穿心莲提取物; 宁都黄鸡; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 肠道组织形态; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) on the growth performance,serum biochemistry and gut health of Ningdu Yellow chickens.【Method】 A total of 270 healthy 1-day-old Ningdu Yellow chickens with similar body weights were randomly assigned to three groups,each with six replicates of 15 chickens.The chickens in APE group were received a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% APE,the chickens in antibiotic control group were given a basal diet with 0.2% chlortetracycline,and the chickens in blank control group were fed a basal diet without additives.The experimental period lasted 42 days.At the ending of the experiment,the body weight and feed intake of Ningdu Yellow chickens were counted to determine the growth performance.Blood samples were collected to determine the serum biochemical indexes.The jejunum tissues and cecal contents were collected to determine intestinal morphological indexes and cecal microbiota structure indexes.【Result】 ①Compared with blank control group,the chickens in APE group exhibited significantly higher final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) (P＜0.05) and a significantly lower feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P＜0.05).②Compared with blank control group, the chickens in APE group had significantly higher levels of serum total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB) (P＜0.05). Compared with blank control and antibiotic control groups, the chickens in APE group had significantly higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P＜0.05), while the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosisfactor-α (TNF-α), and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly lower (P＜0.05).③The chickens in APE group had a significantly reduced crypt depth (CD) in jejunum compared with blank control group (P＜0.05).The villus height-to-crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio of chickens in APE group was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control and blank control groups (P＜0.05).④Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in cecalmicrobial communities among three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with blank control group,the chickens in APE group showed a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Spirochaetes and Deferribacteres (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of the Rikenellaceae-RC9 gut group increased,which was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control group (P＜0.05).Additionally,the chickens in APE group exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance of Firmicutes and Coprobacillus and a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with blank control group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Dietary APE supplementation improved the growth performance of Ningdu Yellow chickens,reduced blood lipid levels and serum inflammatory markers,enhanced intestinal morphology,and regulated gutmicrobiota structure,thereby promoting better gut health.

Key words: Andrographis paniculata extract; Ningdu Yellow chickens; growth performance; serum biochemistries; intestinal morphology; intestinal microflora

中图分类号:

S816.7

钟敏, 杨晓培, 刘瑞平, 宋文静, 钟云平. 穿心莲提取物对1～42日龄宁都黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道健康的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2115-2127.

ZHONG Min, YANG Xiaopei, LIU Ruiping, SONG Wenjing, ZHONG Yunping. Effect of Dietary Andrographis paniculata Extract Supplementation on the Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistries,and Gut Health in Ningdu Yellow Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2115-2127.

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