外源添加猪胆酸对高脂孕鼠体脂代谢、肠道微生物和胆汁酸代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究外源添加猪胆酸(hyocholic acid，HCA)对高脂孕鼠体脂代谢、肠道微生物及胆汁酸代谢的影响，旨在研究HCA对改善小鼠体脂代谢紊乱的作用。【方法】选取6周龄体重相近(19.2 g±0.1 g)、生长状况良好的C57BL/6小鼠雌性68只和雄性23只进行配种，将孕鼠按体重随机分为4个处理组：对照组(CON)、高脂组(T1)、高脂+50 mg/kg HCA组(T2)、高脂+100 mg/kg HCA组(T3)，每组5个重复，每个重复3只。分别在小鼠分娩和断奶当天，测定各组小鼠生长性能及血清生化指标，进行组织切片分析，并在分娩当天取结肠内容物进行肠道菌群和胆汁酸代谢分析。【结果】①与CON组相比，T1、T2及T3组小鼠平均断奶窝重均显著增加(P＜0.05)；T1和T3组小鼠皮下脂肪重量显著增加(P＜0.05)；T1组小鼠的肝脏重量显著增加(P＜0.05)。②HCA能够改善高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肝脏中脂肪蓄积，增加肩胛部棕色脂肪量。③与CON组相比，T1、T2及T3组分娩后小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平均显著升高(P＜0.05)，T1和T3组小鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)水平显著升高(P＜0.05)；T1、T2及T3组断奶后小鼠TC、HDL-C水平均显著升高(P＜0.05)，T1和T2组小鼠低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著升高(P＜0.05)。④Alpha多样性分析结果显示，与CON组相比，T3组小鼠肠道菌群Shannon指数与Simpson指数均显著降低(P＜0.05)，但Dominance指数显著升高(P＜0.05)。⑤门水平各组小鼠肠道第一、二优势菌均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门，T3组小鼠肠道第三优势菌为疣微菌门，其余组第三优势菌门为变形菌门。⑥与CON组相比，T1和T2组小鼠肠道中乳杆菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属和双歧杆菌属相对丰度均显著升高(P＜0.05)；T3组小鼠肠道中冠状杆菌属相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05)；T1、T2及T3组小鼠肠道中拟杆菌属相对丰度均显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑦与CON组相比，T1、T2及T3组小鼠肠道中7-ketoLCA、alpha-MCA、beta-MCA、GLCA含量均显著升高(P＜0.05)；T2和T3组小鼠肠道中beta-UDCA、THCA含量均显著升高(P＜0.05)；T2组小鼠肠道中7,12-diketoLCA含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。【结论】HCA可通过改善血清生化组成，促进有益菌的生成及胆汁酸代谢，从而调控由高脂饲粮诱导的小鼠体脂代谢紊乱，为HCA在高脂饮食下改善体脂代谢紊乱提供了参考。

关键词: 小鼠; 猪胆酸; 高脂饲粮; 脂质代谢; 肠道微生物; 胆汁酸代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effects of adding hyocholic acid (HCA) on body lipid metabolism,intestinal microorganisms and bile acid metabolism in high-fat pregnant mice,and investigate the effects of HCA on improving the disorders of body lipid metabolism in mice.【Method】 Sixty-eight female and twenty-three male C57BL/6 mice with similar body weights(19.2 g±0.1 g) and good growth conditions were selected at 6 weeks of age to mate,the pregnant mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups based on their body weight:Control group (CON),high-fat group (T1),high-fat+50 mg/kg HCA group (T2) and high-fat+100 mg/kg HCA group (T3),with five replicates in each group and three mice per replicate.On the day of delivery and weaning,the growth performance,serum biochemical indices,and tissue section analysis of mice were performed.On the day of delivery,colon contents were collected for analysis of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.【Result】 ①Compared with CON group,the average weaning litter weight of mice was significantly increased in T1,T2 and T3 groups (P＜0.05),the subcutaneous fat weight of mice was significantly increased in T1 and T3 groups (P＜0.05),and the liver weight was significantly increased in T1 group (P＜0.05).②HCA could improve fat accumulation in liver and increase the amount of brown fat in scapular region of mice induced by high-fat diet.③Compared with CON group,the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum of mice after delivery in T1,T2 and T3 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the level of triglycerides (TG) in serum of mice in T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P＜0.05).After weaning,the levels of TC and HDL-C in serum of mice in T1,T2 and T3 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum of mice in T1 and T2 groups was significantly increased (P＜0.05).④Alpha diversity analysis results showed that compared with CON group,Shannon and Simpson indexes of intestinal microflora of mice in T3 group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),but Dominance index was significantly increased (P＜0.05).⑤At the phylum level,the first and second dominant bacteria in intestine of mice in each group were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,respectively.The third dominant bacteria in intestine of mice in T3 group was Desulfobacterota,and in other groups was Verrucomicrobiota.⑥Compared with CON group,the relative abundances of Lactobacillus,Clostridium and Bifidobacterium in intestine of mice in T1 and T2 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the relative abundance of Coriobacterium in T3 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the relative abundance of Bacteroides in T1,T2 and T3 groups was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).⑦Compared with CON group,the levels of 7-ketoLCA,alpha-MCA,beta-MCA and GLCA in intestine of mice in T1,T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P＜0.05),the levels of beta-UDCA and THCA in T2 and T3 groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the level of 7,12-diketoLCA in T2 group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 HCA could improve the serum biochemical indices and promote the generation of beneficial bacteria and bile acid metabolism,thereby regulating the body fat metabolism disorder induced by high-fat diet in mice,providing a reference for the role of HCA in improving body lipid metabolism disorders under high-fat diet.

Key words: mice; hyocholic acid; high-fat diet; lipid metabolism; intestinal microorganisms; bile acid metabolism

中图分类号:

S816.7

曹畅, 李玉莲, 王洁, 何情, 龚艳梅, 范志勇. 外源添加猪胆酸对高脂孕鼠体脂代谢、肠道微生物和胆汁酸代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 1999-2011.

CAO Chang, LI Yulian, WANG Jie, HE Qing, GONG Yanmei, FAN Zhiyong. Effects of Adding Hyocholic Acid on Body Lipid Metabolism,Intestinal Microorganisms and Bile Acid Metabolism in High-fat Pregnant Mice[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 1999-2011.

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