桑叶及其活性物质对动物肠道微生物的调控作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.06.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 桑叶不仅营养价值高,而且富含桑叶黄酮、桑叶多糖、生物碱和γ-氨基丁酸等多种生物活性物质,这些活性物质对微生物具有多重功能。一方面,桑叶活性物质可以通过结合细菌或与细菌竞争生长所需底物,破坏细菌的结构和遗传物质,从而抑制有害菌的增殖;另一方面,肠道微生物在酶的辅助下可以将这些活性物质分解转化为生物活性更高或毒性更低的小分子物质,提升肠道中有益菌的相对丰度、增加肠道内乙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸的生成,促进紧密连接蛋白的合成,从而促进肠道的消化吸收,增强机体的抗氧化和免疫能力,维持动物的肠道屏障功能。良好的肠道状态是动物健康生长的重要保障。在现如今高度集约化养殖模式和饲料"禁抗"背景下,桑叶及其活性物质具有维持动物肠道健康等重要功能,是抗生素的理想替代品,可用于开发绿色、高效的饲料添加剂。笔者综合阐述了桑叶中主要的活性物质、活性物质与微生物的互作关系,以及桑叶及其活性物质对畜禽和水产动物肠道微生物的影响,并对桑叶资源未来研究的侧重点提出了自己的观点,以期为桑叶在畜禽和水产动物饲料中的应用提供参考资料。

关键词: 桑叶; 桑叶活性物质; 肠道微生物; 肠道健康

Abstract: Mulberry leaves not only have high nutritional value,but also are rich in a variety of biologically active substances such as mulberry leaf flavonoids,mulberry leaf polysaccharides,alkaloids and γ-aminobutyric acid.These active substances have multiple functions for microorganisms.On the one hand,active substances in mulberry leaves can disrupt the structure and genetic material of bacteria by binding or competing with them for substrates required for growth,thereby inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria.On the other hand,microorganisms in intestine can decompose and convert these active substances into small molecules with higher biological activity or lower toxicity with the assistance of enzymes,improving the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in intestine,increasing the generation of short chain fatty acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid in intestine,promoting the synthesis of tight junction proteins,thereby promoting digestion and absorption in intestine,enhancing the body’s antioxidant and immune abilities,and maintaining the intestinal barrier function of animals.Good intestinal status is an important guarantee for the healthy growth of animals.In the context of today’s highly intensive breeding model and the ban on antibiotics in feed,mulberry leaves and its active substances have important functions such as maintaining animal intestinal health.They are ideal substitutes for antibiotics and can be used to develop green and efficient feed additives.The authors provide a comprehensive explanation of the main active substances in mulberry leaves,their interaction with microorganisms,and the impact of mulberry leaves and their active substances on the intestinal microorganisms of livestock,poultry,and aquatic animals.Furthermore,the authors also put forward his own opinions on the focus of future research on mulberry leaf resources.This paper aims to provide valuable reference material for the application of mulberry leaves in livestock,poultry and aquatic animal feed.

Key words: mulberry leaves; active substance of mulberry leaves; intestinal microbiota; intestinal health

中图分类号:

S816.4

符兵, 周东来, 李庆荣, 邢东旭. 桑叶及其活性物质对动物肠道微生物的调控作用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(6): 2460-2470.

FU Bing, ZHOU Donglai, LI Qingrong, XING Dongxu. Research Progress on the Regulation of Animal Intestinal Microbiota by Mulberry Leaves and Its Active Substances[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2460-2470.

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